Ch20
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The document discusses the key components and structure of an effective Letter of Inquiry (LOI). An LOI is a short preliminary proposal submitted to funding agencies. It should follow the agency's guidelines and include an abstract, introduction/background, statement of need, objectives/aims, strategy/goals, leadership/organization, budget, and impact/significance. The LOI must clearly and concisely address why the project is important, why the applicant should receive funding, why the proposed institution is suitable, why the specific agency is the appropriate sponsor, and why the project should be undertaken now.
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Ch10
The document discusses the introduction section of scientific writing. It states that the introduction should awaken the reader's interest, provide context, and tell the reader what to expect. The introduction contains background information on what is known, what problems or unknown factors exist, the question or addition made by the research, and the experimental approach. It should follow a funnel structure and keep the introduction short while including these key elements. The introduction signals to the reader the known, unknown, question, and experimental approach.
Ch21
The document discusses the key components and guidelines for writing effective abstracts and specific aims sections for scientific research proposals. An abstract should provide a brief background on the research problem or question, the objective and general strategy of the research, and the significance or implications of the findings. Specific aims should be written in active language and outline the specific questions or hypotheses the research will address through 2-5 concrete aims. The document provides examples and common mistakes to avoid.
Ch19
The document discusses key aspects of writing grant proposals, including common types of proposals, identifying potential funding sources, researching funding agencies, and the basic elements to include. It emphasizes doing thorough pre-proposal research to understand what the funding agency is looking for and following all guidelines. The basic elements that should be included in most proposals are a cover letter, title page, abstract, specific aims, background, preliminary results, research design, summary, budget, references, and biographical sketches. Thorough preparation and planning well in advance of the deadline are advised for submitting a competitive proposal.
Ch22
This document discusses how to write effective background and significance sections for scientific proposals. It recommends that these sections: 1) awaken interest in the topic, provide context, and explain the importance and potential impact of the research; 2) be organized logically with subsections that follow a funnel structure; and 3) clearly signal the background, what is unknown or needed, the research objective/aim, and potential significance. It provides examples of language to effectively convey these various components in a concise yet compelling manner.
Ch23
The document discusses how to write an effective innovation section for a grant application. It should be 1/2 to 1 page and answer what the innovation is, why it is better than previous approaches, and what makes it novel. The innovation should propose improvements or new methods rather than a paradigm shift. It should emphasize innovative aspects and include an overview, background, statement of need, innovation statement, approach, and impact. The innovation statement should be clearly signaled and explained in the context of advancing the field. Common pitfalls to avoid are proposals that are too innovative, equate innovation with significance, or lack feasibility and credibility.
Ch29
The document discusses best practices for creating and delivering effective oral presentations. It recommends preparing well in advance, practicing frequently, and knowing the audience. When creating slides, the key points are to keep content clear and simple, limit text, and use large readable fonts. The talk should have an introduction, main body with clear structure, and conclusion. Presenters are advised to rehearse fully, maintain eye contact and enthusiasm, and stay within an area visible to the audience.
Ch28
The document discusses the key aspects of creating effective scientific posters, including content, organization, layout, design, and presentation. It recommends including sections for title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, conclusion, and references. For design, it suggests using large font sizes, varied spacing and section sizes, illustrations over text, and conservative colors with good contrast. The goal is to concisely yet clearly communicate the essential information and findings of a study in a visually appealing poster format.
Ch30
The document provides information on the application process and documents required for job applications, including a cover letter, CV or resume, research and teaching statements, and letters of recommendation. It discusses the key components and content of these documents, including tailoring the cover letter and CV to the specific position, highlighting relevant accomplishments, research focus and future goals in the research statement, and teaching philosophy and experience in the teaching statement. Sample templates and content for each document type are also provided.
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Ch10
The document discusses the introduction section of scientific writing. It states that the introduction should awaken the reader's interest, provide context, and tell the reader what to expect. The introduction contains background information on what is known, what problems or unknown factors exist, the question or addition made by the research, and the experimental approach. It should follow a funnel structure and keep the introduction short while including these key elements. The introduction signals to the reader the known, unknown, question, and experimental approach.
Ch21
The document discusses the key components and guidelines for writing effective abstracts and specific aims sections for scientific research proposals. An abstract should provide a brief background on the research problem or question, the objective and general strategy of the research, and the significance or implications of the findings. Specific aims should be written in active language and outline the specific questions or hypotheses the research will address through 2-5 concrete aims. The document provides examples and common mistakes to avoid.
Ch19
The document discusses key aspects of writing grant proposals, including common types of proposals, identifying potential funding sources, researching funding agencies, and the basic elements to include. It emphasizes doing thorough pre-proposal research to understand what the funding agency is looking for and following all guidelines. The basic elements that should be included in most proposals are a cover letter, title page, abstract, specific aims, background, preliminary results, research design, summary, budget, references, and biographical sketches. Thorough preparation and planning well in advance of the deadline are advised for submitting a competitive proposal.
Ch22
This document discusses how to write effective background and significance sections for scientific proposals. It recommends that these sections: 1) awaken interest in the topic, provide context, and explain the importance and potential impact of the research; 2) be organized logically with subsections that follow a funnel structure; and 3) clearly signal the background, what is unknown or needed, the research objective/aim, and potential significance. It provides examples of language to effectively convey these various components in a concise yet compelling manner.
Ch23
The document discusses how to write an effective innovation section for a grant application. It should be 1/2 to 1 page and answer what the innovation is, why it is better than previous approaches, and what makes it novel. The innovation should propose improvements or new methods rather than a paradigm shift. It should emphasize innovative aspects and include an overview, background, statement of need, innovation statement, approach, and impact. The innovation statement should be clearly signaled and explained in the context of advancing the field. Common pitfalls to avoid are proposals that are too innovative, equate innovation with significance, or lack feasibility and credibility.
Ch29
The document discusses best practices for creating and delivering effective oral presentations. It recommends preparing well in advance, practicing frequently, and knowing the audience. When creating slides, the key points are to keep content clear and simple, limit text, and use large readable fonts. The talk should have an introduction, main body with clear structure, and conclusion. Presenters are advised to rehearse fully, maintain eye contact and enthusiasm, and stay within an area visible to the audience.
Ch28
The document discusses the key aspects of creating effective scientific posters, including content, organization, layout, design, and presentation. It recommends including sections for title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, conclusion, and references. For design, it suggests using large font sizes, varied spacing and section sizes, illustrations over text, and conservative colors with good contrast. The goal is to concisely yet clearly communicate the essential information and findings of a study in a visually appealing poster format.
Ch30
The document provides information on the application process and documents required for job applications, including a cover letter, CV or resume, research and teaching statements, and letters of recommendation. It discusses the key components and content of these documents, including tailoring the cover letter and CV to the specific position, highlighting relevant accomplishments, research focus and future goals in the research statement, and teaching philosophy and experience in the teaching statement. Sample templates and content for each document type are also provided.
Ch8
This document discusses proper referencing and plagiarism in scientific writing. It defines referencing as giving credit to other works and ideas, and outlines primary, secondary and tertiary reference types. Several top science databases for finding references are listed. When selecting references, the most relevant should be chosen based on significance and availability. References must be accurate and formatted according to journal style. Placement of references within the text and construction of the reference list is also covered. Plagiarism is defined and examples are provided to illustrate proper attribution of ideas.
Ch14
This document discusses different types of abstracts and their proper structure and content. It describes informative abstracts, structured abstracts, and abstracts for descriptive papers. Informative abstracts should provide an overview and highlight key sections like purpose, methods, results, and significance. Structured abstracts use subheadings and are longer at 400 words. Descriptive paper abstracts include a background statement, description of findings, and conclusion. The document also discusses common problems like omitting elements, excessive length, or using the wrong abstract type.
Ch13
The document provides guidance on writing the Discussion section of a scientific paper. It states that the Discussion should: 1) Answer the question posed in the Introduction by interpreting key findings and their significance; 2) Explain how the results support the answer and relate to prior research; and 3) Suggest future avenues of research. The document outlines the structure, organization, tone, and language used in an effective Discussion section.
Ch7
The document discusses the scientific writing process. It describes the typical stages as prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, evaluating, and publishing. During prewriting, the intended audience and journal are decided upon. In drafting, the literature is reviewed and writing begins. Revising involves multiple rounds of feedback from colleagues. Editing focuses on grammar, spelling, and punctuation. The manuscript is then evaluated through peer review before publication. The document provides guidance on authorship, following IMRAD format, and overcoming writer's block in drafting the first version.
Ch26
The document provides guidance on developing budget, personnel, and other sections for scientific grant proposals. It discusses including direct and indirect costs in the budget with justifications. Sample sections show budgets with personnel roles and costs, as well as narratives describing proposed activities. Other sections covered include current/pending funding, collaborative arrangements, dissemination plans, and timelines. The purpose is to ensure all required components are addressed and the proposed work is well-qualified, organized individuals.
Ch25
This chapter discusses the approach/research design section of a scientific proposal. The approach/research design section should describe the planned experimental approach, address the problems stated in the background and preliminary results sections, and convey confidence in the methods and expected outcomes. It should cover about 2/3 of the proposal length and be organized according to the specific aims. Within each aim, the researcher should explain the rationale, experimental design, analysis, expected results, and alternative strategies. The conclusion should summarize the specific aims, expected overall outcomes, and significance of the proposed work.
Ch12
The document discusses the key components and structure of the results section in scientific writing. The results section should present the main findings of experiments and direct the reader to relevant figures and tables. It should report the data objectively without interpretation. The section uses a consistent format of stating the purpose, experimental approach, results, and interpretation. Emphasis is placed on signaling the key results and avoiding non-essential details or comparisons.
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Week 9 Hedging
The document discusses hedging, which refers to using cautious or tentative language in academic writing. This is important because research and theories are constantly being updated. Hedging helps reflect the strength of evidence used to support an argument. It provides examples of hedging language, such as modal verbs like "may" or "might" and verbs like "seems" or "appears." Direct, assertive language like "proves" or "absolutely" is not considered hedging. The document emphasizes using cautious language in research papers to avoid claims that cannot be definitively supported.
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This document provides guidance on writing a research introduction and background section. It discusses the key components of an effective introduction, including an opening paragraph that provides an overview and roadmap. It also explains that the literature review is part of the introduction and may be the largest section. Sample introduction paragraphs are provided that demonstrate how to state the research topic, provide background on previous studies, and identify a gap that the current study aims to address. Writing background information is discussed as a way to demonstrate understanding of the key issues and concepts related to the research topic. Providing pertinent background information can serve as a bridge between the reader and the study.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key points effectively in 3 concise
17 bcl011 researchproposal--presentation
This research proposal outlines a study on research proposals. It begins by defining research and proposals, then defines a research proposal as a document that describes a proposed research program. The proposal discusses the advantages of research proposals such as obtaining funding and developing novel ideas. It identifies two major types of research proposals: internal proposals for academic research, and external proposals that are either solicited or unsolicited. Finally, the proposal lists the common components of a research proposal such as the title, introduction, problem statement, literature review, hypotheses, objectives, methodology, and references.
Writing the discussion and conclusion2
Here is a draft of the discussion and conclusion sections:
[DISCUSSION]
The results of this study identified several key trends impacting the hospitality industry. First, technology trends such as increased connectivity and automation are changing customer expectations and business operations. These findings align with prior research by Kapiki (2012) and Honk (2014) that highlighted the influence of globalization and technology on hospitality.
Additionally, trends in tourism like eco-tourism and voluntourism show customers are more concerned with environmental and social impacts. These evolving customer values will require hospitality businesses to adapt their offerings.
Finally, broader globalization trends like increased international travel and shifting demographics present both opportunities and challenges. As the hospitality industry becomes more
Week4a pptslides drafting the introduction - background of study
The document provides guidance on drafting the introduction for a descriptive quantitative research report. It discusses generating ideas for the research area and variables. Key points include:
1) Read widely on the research topic to identify two concepts to focus on and a general issue in the area. This will provide the background for the study.
2) Define the specific variables of interest based on the concepts, ensuring they are suitable for a descriptive quantitative study.
3) Structure the background section to first introduce the research area and general issue, then the two topics/concepts, and finally define each variable in turn with citations. Use formal language and provide statistics or references to interest the reader.
How to write good abstract
1) This study examined the relationship between daily nurse staffing levels, workload, and patient safety outcomes across medical-surgical units in 25 California hospitals.
2) Higher levels of registered nurse staffing hours and a higher percentage of RNs with BSN degrees were associated with fewer patient falls. Higher workload, larger hospital size, and lower staffing levels were also linked to worse patient outcomes.
3) The percentage of patients with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers was higher when mean staffing ratios were lower and when units were under-staffed in the week before a prevalence study. Certified RNs cared for fewer restrained patients.
scientific abstract writing - a template for public speaking assignment
A template I used during my public speaking course presentation. Proper and sufficient elaboration from the speaker who refer this presentation is necessary.
NOTE: Say No to Plagiarism!!! This slide is merely for referring purpose only. Strictly no lifting from any part of this presentation for self interest.
Ch3
The document discusses word location within sentences in scientific writing. It recommends placing old, familiar, and short information at the beginning of sentences, and new, complex, or long information at the end of sentences. It also suggests getting to the main subject of a sentence quickly using a short, specific subject. Interruptions between the subject and verb or verb and object of a sentence should be avoided.
Ch18
This document provides guidance on writing review articles. It discusses that review articles provide an overview of a research field by interpreting and evaluating multiple studies to further understanding of a topic. The document outlines that review articles should be understandable to scientists of other fields, summarize primary data, and highlight new ideas. It also discusses choosing a timely topic, organizing the paper with an abstract, introduction, main analysis section, and conclusion, and addressing common problems such as a lack of analysis, logical organization, and referencing errors.
Ch9
The document discusses best practices for presenting data visually in scientific writing. It recommends using graphs instead of tables to show trends or relationships in data, and tables instead of graphs when precise numbers are important. Key guidelines for figures and tables include designing them with the reader in mind, using a strong visual design, and ensuring they can stand alone without text. Common types of graphs like line graphs, bar graphs, and scatter plots are described along with guidelines for formatting them clearly and readably. The document also covers designing figure legends and tables, as well as using statistical analysis to interpret data trends and significance.
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The document discusses the process of revising, submitting, and publishing scientific manuscripts. It describes initial revisions focusing on content and organization, then subsequent revisions checking style, word choice, and flow. Authors provide drafts to coauthors and colleagues for feedback before submitting to journals, along with a cover letter. Papers then undergo peer review and the editing process, and authors must address reviewer comments in resubmissions or consider other journals for rejected papers. The goal is to produce a clear, well-organized final manuscript approved by all authors.
Ch5
This document discusses some common grammar issues faced by non-native English speakers in scientific writing and provides examples and explanations for proper usage. Specifically, it covers using prepositions correctly, using definite and indefinite articles appropriately, ensuring correct verb forms and agreement, using gerunds and infinitives correctly after verbs, distinguishing adjectives from adverbs, and ensuring every sentence has a clear subject expressed by a noun or pronoun. Mastering these grammar points can help non-native writers improve the clarity and accuracy of their scientific English.
Direct approach
The direct method was a reaction to the grammar-translation method and focused on using only the target language in instruction. It emphasized spoken language and taught vocabulary through demonstration and pictures before introducing grammar inductively. Some key figures who adopted this approach were Gottlieb Heness, Lambert Sauveur, and Maximilian Berlitz, who founded language schools using these principles. The direct method's strengths included following a natural learning process and emphasizing communication skills, while weaknesses included a lack of structural practice and risk of incorrect rule induction.
Payal ...kyada letters of inquiry
This document discusses inquiry letters and provides examples. It defines inquiry letters as letters written by potential buyers to request information from sellers, such as price lists, catalogs, samples or terms of sale. The document notes that inquiries can be unsolicited, initiated by the buyer, or solicited in response to seller advertising. Effective inquiry letters are straightforward, courteous, positive, brief, complete and correct. The document provides examples of an unsolicited inquiry letter requesting a catalog and price list, and the seller's response providing the requested information and encouraging a trial order.
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This document discusses proper referencing and plagiarism in scientific writing. It defines referencing as giving credit to other works and ideas, and outlines primary, secondary and tertiary reference types. Several top science databases for finding references are listed. When selecting references, the most relevant should be chosen based on significance and availability. References must be accurate and formatted according to journal style. Placement of references within the text and construction of the reference list is also covered. Plagiarism is defined and examples are provided to illustrate proper attribution of ideas.
Ch14
This document discusses different types of abstracts and their proper structure and content. It describes informative abstracts, structured abstracts, and abstracts for descriptive papers. Informative abstracts should provide an overview and highlight key sections like purpose, methods, results, and significance. Structured abstracts use subheadings and are longer at 400 words. Descriptive paper abstracts include a background statement, description of findings, and conclusion. The document also discusses common problems like omitting elements, excessive length, or using the wrong abstract type.
Ch13
The document provides guidance on writing the Discussion section of a scientific paper. It states that the Discussion should: 1) Answer the question posed in the Introduction by interpreting key findings and their significance; 2) Explain how the results support the answer and relate to prior research; and 3) Suggest future avenues of research. The document outlines the structure, organization, tone, and language used in an effective Discussion section.
Ch7
The document discusses the scientific writing process. It describes the typical stages as prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, evaluating, and publishing. During prewriting, the intended audience and journal are decided upon. In drafting, the literature is reviewed and writing begins. Revising involves multiple rounds of feedback from colleagues. Editing focuses on grammar, spelling, and punctuation. The manuscript is then evaluated through peer review before publication. The document provides guidance on authorship, following IMRAD format, and overcoming writer's block in drafting the first version.
Ch26
The document provides guidance on developing budget, personnel, and other sections for scientific grant proposals. It discusses including direct and indirect costs in the budget with justifications. Sample sections show budgets with personnel roles and costs, as well as narratives describing proposed activities. Other sections covered include current/pending funding, collaborative arrangements, dissemination plans, and timelines. The purpose is to ensure all required components are addressed and the proposed work is well-qualified, organized individuals.
Ch25
This chapter discusses the approach/research design section of a scientific proposal. The approach/research design section should describe the planned experimental approach, address the problems stated in the background and preliminary results sections, and convey confidence in the methods and expected outcomes. It should cover about 2/3 of the proposal length and be organized according to the specific aims. Within each aim, the researcher should explain the rationale, experimental design, analysis, expected results, and alternative strategies. The conclusion should summarize the specific aims, expected overall outcomes, and significance of the proposed work.
Ch12
The document discusses the key components and structure of the results section in scientific writing. The results section should present the main findings of experiments and direct the reader to relevant figures and tables. It should report the data objectively without interpretation. The section uses a consistent format of stating the purpose, experimental approach, results, and interpretation. Emphasis is placed on signaling the key results and avoiding non-essential details or comparisons.
ENG103 Week 6 Research Introduction and Background Info
This document provides guidance on writing the introduction and background sections of a research paper. It discusses the key components of an effective introduction, including introducing the topic, providing a brief background, and stating the research questions. It then outlines a format for writing the introduction, with the opening paragraph introducing the topic and previous research, identifying a gap, stating the aim of the study, and outlining the approach. The document also discusses how to write an effective background section, including reviewing previous relevant studies to provide context and a foundation for the current research.
Week 9 Hedging
The document discusses hedging, which refers to using cautious or tentative language in academic writing. This is important because research and theories are constantly being updated. Hedging helps reflect the strength of evidence used to support an argument. It provides examples of hedging language, such as modal verbs like "may" or "might" and verbs like "seems" or "appears." Direct, assertive language like "proves" or "absolutely" is not considered hedging. The document emphasizes using cautious language in research papers to avoid claims that cannot be definitively supported.
Research Introduction & Background Information
This document provides guidance on writing a research introduction and background section. It discusses the key components of an effective introduction, including an opening paragraph that provides an overview and roadmap. It also explains that the literature review is part of the introduction and may be the largest section. Sample introduction paragraphs are provided that demonstrate how to state the research topic, provide background on previous studies, and identify a gap that the current study aims to address. Writing background information is discussed as a way to demonstrate understanding of the key issues and concepts related to the research topic. Providing pertinent background information can serve as a bridge between the reader and the study.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key points effectively in 3 concise
17 bcl011 researchproposal--presentation
This research proposal outlines a study on research proposals. It begins by defining research and proposals, then defines a research proposal as a document that describes a proposed research program. The proposal discusses the advantages of research proposals such as obtaining funding and developing novel ideas. It identifies two major types of research proposals: internal proposals for academic research, and external proposals that are either solicited or unsolicited. Finally, the proposal lists the common components of a research proposal such as the title, introduction, problem statement, literature review, hypotheses, objectives, methodology, and references.
Writing the discussion and conclusion2
Here is a draft of the discussion and conclusion sections:
[DISCUSSION]
The results of this study identified several key trends impacting the hospitality industry. First, technology trends such as increased connectivity and automation are changing customer expectations and business operations. These findings align with prior research by Kapiki (2012) and Honk (2014) that highlighted the influence of globalization and technology on hospitality.
Additionally, trends in tourism like eco-tourism and voluntourism show customers are more concerned with environmental and social impacts. These evolving customer values will require hospitality businesses to adapt their offerings.
Finally, broader globalization trends like increased international travel and shifting demographics present both opportunities and challenges. As the hospitality industry becomes more
Week4a pptslides drafting the introduction - background of study
The document provides guidance on drafting the introduction for a descriptive quantitative research report. It discusses generating ideas for the research area and variables. Key points include:
1) Read widely on the research topic to identify two concepts to focus on and a general issue in the area. This will provide the background for the study.
2) Define the specific variables of interest based on the concepts, ensuring they are suitable for a descriptive quantitative study.
3) Structure the background section to first introduce the research area and general issue, then the two topics/concepts, and finally define each variable in turn with citations. Use formal language and provide statistics or references to interest the reader.
How to write good abstract
1) This study examined the relationship between daily nurse staffing levels, workload, and patient safety outcomes across medical-surgical units in 25 California hospitals.
2) Higher levels of registered nurse staffing hours and a higher percentage of RNs with BSN degrees were associated with fewer patient falls. Higher workload, larger hospital size, and lower staffing levels were also linked to worse patient outcomes.
3) The percentage of patients with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers was higher when mean staffing ratios were lower and when units were under-staffed in the week before a prevalence study. Certified RNs cared for fewer restrained patients.
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ENG103 Week 6 Research Introduction and Background Info
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Week4a pptslides drafting the introduction - background of study
Week4a pptslides drafting the introduction - background of study
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scientific abstract writing - a template for public speaking assignment
A template I used during my public speaking course presentation. Proper and sufficient elaboration from the speaker who refer this presentation is necessary.
NOTE: Say No to Plagiarism!!! This slide is merely for referring purpose only. Strictly no lifting from any part of this presentation for self interest.
Ch3
The document discusses word location within sentences in scientific writing. It recommends placing old, familiar, and short information at the beginning of sentences, and new, complex, or long information at the end of sentences. It also suggests getting to the main subject of a sentence quickly using a short, specific subject. Interruptions between the subject and verb or verb and object of a sentence should be avoided.
Ch18
This document provides guidance on writing review articles. It discusses that review articles provide an overview of a research field by interpreting and evaluating multiple studies to further understanding of a topic. The document outlines that review articles should be understandable to scientists of other fields, summarize primary data, and highlight new ideas. It also discusses choosing a timely topic, organizing the paper with an abstract, introduction, main analysis section, and conclusion, and addressing common problems such as a lack of analysis, logical organization, and referencing errors.
Ch9
The document discusses best practices for presenting data visually in scientific writing. It recommends using graphs instead of tables to show trends or relationships in data, and tables instead of graphs when precise numbers are important. Key guidelines for figures and tables include designing them with the reader in mind, using a strong visual design, and ensuring they can stand alone without text. Common types of graphs like line graphs, bar graphs, and scatter plots are described along with guidelines for formatting them clearly and readably. The document also covers designing figure legends and tables, as well as using statistical analysis to interpret data trends and significance.
Ch16 17
The document discusses the process of revising, submitting, and publishing scientific manuscripts. It describes initial revisions focusing on content and organization, then subsequent revisions checking style, word choice, and flow. Authors provide drafts to coauthors and colleagues for feedback before submitting to journals, along with a cover letter. Papers then undergo peer review and the editing process, and authors must address reviewer comments in resubmissions or consider other journals for rejected papers. The goal is to produce a clear, well-organized final manuscript approved by all authors.
Ch5
This document discusses some common grammar issues faced by non-native English speakers in scientific writing and provides examples and explanations for proper usage. Specifically, it covers using prepositions correctly, using definite and indefinite articles appropriately, ensuring correct verb forms and agreement, using gerunds and infinitives correctly after verbs, distinguishing adjectives from adverbs, and ensuring every sentence has a clear subject expressed by a noun or pronoun. Mastering these grammar points can help non-native writers improve the clarity and accuracy of their scientific English.
Direct approach
The direct method was a reaction to the grammar-translation method and focused on using only the target language in instruction. It emphasized spoken language and taught vocabulary through demonstration and pictures before introducing grammar inductively. Some key figures who adopted this approach were Gottlieb Heness, Lambert Sauveur, and Maximilian Berlitz, who founded language schools using these principles. The direct method's strengths included following a natural learning process and emphasizing communication skills, while weaknesses included a lack of structural practice and risk of incorrect rule induction.
Payal ...kyada letters of inquiry
This document discusses inquiry letters and provides examples. It defines inquiry letters as letters written by potential buyers to request information from sellers, such as price lists, catalogs, samples or terms of sale. The document notes that inquiries can be unsolicited, initiated by the buyer, or solicited in response to seller advertising. Effective inquiry letters are straightforward, courteous, positive, brief, complete and correct. The document provides examples of an unsolicited inquiry letter requesting a catalog and price list, and the seller's response providing the requested information and encouraging a trial order.
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scientific abstract writing - a template for public speaking assignment
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The Communication Research Center (CRC) at Boston University was established in 1959 and pioneered research on the effects of television on children. In the 1960s and 1970s, CRC researchers examined important issues of the era using quantitative and qualitative methods. The CRC's activities ceased in the 1980s before being relaunched in 1994 under a new director. Since then, the CRC has grown facilities, conducted impactful research projects, and established distinguished lecture series to foster discussion among faculty and students.
CV_Lipfert
Rosalie J. Lipfert is seeking a career that bridges differences and prioritizes common ground to advance psychological wellbeing, especially for trauma survivors. She has extensive research experience across disciplines including designing surveys, conducting interviews, and analyzing data. Lipfert is fluent in French and highly proficient in German, Arabic, and computer software. She holds a B.A. in Environmental Studies from Dartmouth College and is a post-graduate candidate in Advanced Arabic from the University of Edinburgh. Lipfert has worked on research projects concerning refugees, climate change, and dairy farmers. She also has teaching and translation experience in Morocco, Greece, and Switzerland.
Natalizio_TIBBSTimes_2013
The article discusses the debate around genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and how ideology can influence discussions more than science. While both sides raise legitimate concerns, science can provide clear answers about the safety of GMOs. Hundreds of studies have found GM crops currently on the market are safe to eat. However, some remain concerned about long-term effects despite most Americans unknowingly consuming GMOs that make up a large percentage of the food supply. The article argues scientific evidence and consensus supports the safety of GMOs but ideological and emotional debates often overlook facts.
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This document summarizes a UK-US Higher Education Partnerships Forum held in London on December 2, 2011. The purpose of the forum was to support institutional strategic partnerships between UK and US universities. Experts from both countries discussed emerging partnership models and best practices. Previous reports highlighted the importance of strengthening UK-US higher education ties. The British Council has launched new funding programs to support transatlantic partnerships. The forum aimed to facilitate productive discussions between participants on collaboration opportunities.
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This document discusses strategies for measuring the impact of arts and humanities research, which often involves non-traditional outputs. It notes that current systems focus too narrowly on citations and publications. To develop an inclusive system, it recommends considering four questions: how the research benefits society, who finds it valuable, how to communicate its value, and how to prove others find it valuable. It provides examples answering these questions for two projects and emphasizes gathering diverse evidence of impact from the beginning to communicate research value to different stakeholders.
EEBnews_2014-15_Newsletter
This newsletter provides information about the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB) department at the University of Tennessee. It summarizes the following key points:
- EEB alumni obtain jobs across various sectors including academia, government agencies, non-profits, and private companies both within the US and internationally.
- The EEB curriculum was recently updated to provide students with more flexibility in course selection and ensure training in key areas like evolution, ecology, and research skills.
- Two EEB faculty members published new books on invasive species and identification of woody plants. Another faculty member received awards for his contributions to biogeography.
- Changes are being implemented to the undergraduate biology curriculum based on recommendations
Course timetable and staff biographies
This document provides an overview of a Global Health Fellows Programme summer school that aims to prepare students for international collaborative research. The 5-day course covers topics like working effectively in teams, communication across cultures, developing intercultural awareness, succeeding in collaborative projects, and global health research awareness. The schedule includes group activities, presentations, and guest lectures on related topics. Students will work in groups on a collaborative research proposal and presentations. The goal is to help students develop skills for global health research networks and partnerships.
Tuding manya presentation ppt
The document provides instructions for participants of an online webinar on international internship programs. It outlines that the webinar will start at 7 PM and how participants can connect audio. It also instructs participants to keep their microphones muted during the webinar and that any questions should be posted in the chat section. The document then introduces the topic of the webinar - "International Internship Program" - and previews some of the subtopics to be covered, including profile building, mentorship, career paths, and admissions.
PWHCVv34.S15
This document provides a summary of the education and experience of Peter W. Hoffman. It includes details of his PhD in Molecular Genetics from Ohio State University and his current position as Professor Emeritus at Notre Dame of Maryland University, where he has held various administrative and teaching roles over 25 years. His research has focused on gene expression in the central nervous system and biotransformation using the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. He has served on numerous committees and received grant funding, including an NIH FRESP grant.
LinkedIn_JG_EnglishCV_ Jan 29 2016
Janvier Gasana has over 20 years of experience in environmental and occupational health as a professor, researcher, and consultant. He has a PhD in Public Health from the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and has published over 100 scientific papers. His research focuses on the role of environmental exposures in disease and prevention. He has consulted for numerous organizations, including the World Bank, USAID, CDC, and EPA.
Topic 5 research in the era of globalization by simbulan
This document summarizes a presentation on higher education research in the era of globalization. It discusses the dilemmas and challenges posed by corporate influence on universities, including altered academic priorities that reduce teaching importance and degrade research integrity. It proposes alternative networks that collaborate across agencies on common health research agendas and priorities to improve public health.
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- 1. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press Chapter 20 Letters of Inquiry and Preproposals
- 2. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press Letter of Inquiry (LOI) Short proposal in letter form •Scrutinize every sentence for detail, clarity, and conciseness •Follow the funder’s guidelines EXACTLY •Adjust the level of writing to the review board
- 3. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press Content of a Letter of Inquiry • Abstract • Introduction/Background • Statement of Need • Objective and Specific Aims • Strategy and Goals • Leadership and Organization • Budget • Significance/Impact
- 4. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press Questions to Answer in a LOI • Why this project? • Why you? • Why at your institution? • Why this sponsor? • Why now?
- 5. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press Abstract of a Letter of Inquiry Include the following elements in the Abstract: • Background/General context • Statement of need/Problem • Objective (and specific aims—optional) • Approach • (Funding request) • Impact/Significance
- 6. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press Example of an LOI Abstract Feelings of connectedness to the fetus and newborn are the foundation of the maternal–infant bonding. Being separated from their babies can be devastating to mothers and can affect the health and development of infants. Here we propose to evaluate perceptions of maternal–infant bonding and attachment in postpartum women within the context of forced separation of incarcerated women who are separated from their babies at birth. We will interview postpartum women in a hospital prison during the first 3 postpartum days and . . . . Knowledge about the emotional status of incarcerated postpartum mothers who underwent forced separation from their babies and knowledge on their babies’ health and well- being will provide policy makers and health care providers with information necessary to make decisions regarding routine forced separation of mothers and newborns. BackgroundBackground ProblemProblem ObjectiveObjective StrategyStrategy Significanc e Significanc e
- 7. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Introduction/ Background Focus on highlights in the Introduction/Background • Keep it to one or two paragraphs • Can include preliminary results
- 8. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Statement of Need Provide a clear statement of need Do not overuse statistics Example Salamander limb deformities detected in California are of concern to public health experts. It is important to explore the underlying causes of these deformities to establish preventive measures. An urgently needed next step in the protection of public health is the examination of the X hypothesis. Investigations of this hypothesis may not only determine the causative agent of the observed limb deformities but also forgo the danger of potential developmental problems in humans
- 9. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Objective and Specific Aims Clearly identify the overall objective Example The proposed study aims to develop treatment strategies to minimize the emergence, amplification, and transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the high- burden setting of Uganda. Specifically, we will (a) perform a meta-analysis of treatment success from five hospitals in the capital and (b) predict best treatment options through mathematical modeling .
- 10. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Leadership and Organization Describe any expertise briefly, including location if needed Example Key Personnel: The proposed project will be led by Martin Brown (Ph.D., Associate Professor of Geology and Geophysics) and Ron Robinson (Ph.D., Professor of Applied Physics). Martin Brown’s contributions to the project will build on his ground-breaking work in XYZ. Ron Robinson brings expertise in the design of Y. Both principal investiga- tors have been collaborating on Z for a number of years.
- 11. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Budget State what the funding will be used for Example We are requesting $150,000 to carry out the proposed study. This amount will cover the salary of a postdoctoral fellow, equipment, and travel to South America to collect data and specimens.
- 12. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Impact and Significance End the LOI with a broad impact statement Example Novel, bioengineered crops will allow farmers to grow varieties of plants with enhanced productivity, quality, and improved ability to adapt and survive when faced with adverse environmental conditions. This need is particularly urgent in light of the global food crisis, which has put almost a billion people at risk of hunger and malnutrition. By designing new technology and developing varieties that allow more sustainable farming, the project aims to provide innovative and sustainable solutions to the problems faced by crop growers worldwide.
- 13. Scientific Writing and Communication, 2e Angelika H. Hofmann Copyright © 2014 by Oxford University Press LOI Cover Letter Send a cover letter together with your LOI • First paragraph: State you are sending an LOI • Second paragraph: Describe your project briefly and indicate the need, objective, strategy, and impact • Final paragraph: Indicate the next step, identify contact person, and summarize importance