The document discusses how to write an effective innovation section for a grant application. It should be 1/2 to 1 page and answer what the innovation is, why it is better than previous approaches, and what makes it novel. The innovation should propose improvements or new methods rather than a paradigm shift. It should emphasize innovative aspects and include an overview, background, statement of need, innovation statement, approach, and impact. The innovation statement should be clearly signaled and explained in the context of advancing the field. Common pitfalls to avoid are proposals that are too innovative, equate innovation with significance, or lack feasibility and credibility.