A template I used during my public speaking course presentation. Proper and sufficient elaboration from the speaker who refer this presentation is necessary. NOTE: Say No to Plagiarism!!! This slide is merely for referring purpose only. Strictly no lifting from any part of this presentation for self interest.

1. ABSTRACT WRITING
1

2. SECTIONS OF AN ABSTRACT
Background
Methodology
Result
2

3. 1. BACKGROUND
Shortest section
2 – 3 sentences
Talk about what is known about the subject
What is not known about the subject
The objective of your research
Avoid lengthy information
3

4. 1. BACKGROUND
Example:
Fish parasites have always been known to be good
indicators of host migration and fish stock populations.
Freshwater fish parasites have been extensively studied
for metal bioaccumulation but for marine fish parasites
not much work has been done. Hence this work is on the
bioaccumulation in parasites of marine fish and their
potential role as pollution indicator.
4

5. 5

6. 2. METHODOLOGY
2nd longest section after results
What was done?
How it was done?
Important information:
- sample size
- duration
- formula
- number of replicate and etc
6

7. 2. METHODOLOGY
Example:
The seaweed samples: G. manilaensis and H.
edulis were collected from Johor and Penang Island,
respectively. After acclimatization, 5g.L-1 of G.
manilaensis and 5 g.L-1 of H. edulis healthy thalli were
grown in triplicates of 10 L tanks with the ratio of
ammonium to phosphate of 5:1 in five different
combinations (0.5:0.1, 1:0.2, 5:1, 10:2, 20:4 mg.L-1) for
14 days. Ammonium, phosphate, seaweed fresh weight
and salinity were determined on day 0, 7, and 14.
7

8. 8

9. 3. RESULT
Research outcome
The most crucial section
Greatest details
Avoid abstraction or descriptive writing style
In most cases, immediately follow with conclusion
9

10. 3. RESULT
Example:
After 10 days exposure to V. harveyi, probiotic-
treated shrimp had significantly greater (p<0.05) survival
(54.3%) compared with non-treated shrimp (35.5%).
Immune responses were substantial in both treatment
groups following the 10-day challenge, but were more
pronounced with the probiotic-treated shrimp. The PI was
significantly greater with probiotic-treated shrimp
(2.7"0.8) compared with controls (0.6"0.3). Bacillus S11
provided disease protection by activating both cellular
and humoral immune defenses, as well as presumably
providing competitive exclusion in the shrimp’s gut.
10

11. 11

12. CONCLUSION
Background
Methodology
Result
12

13. 13