This chapter discusses the approach/research design section of a scientific proposal. The approach/research design section should describe the planned experimental approach, address the problems stated in the background and preliminary results sections, and convey confidence in the methods and expected outcomes. It should cover about 2/3 of the proposal length and be organized according to the specific aims. Within each aim, the researcher should explain the rationale, experimental design, analysis, expected results, and alternative strategies. The conclusion should summarize the specific aims, expected overall outcomes, and significance of the proposed work.