Ch04 c,tissue,mission
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This document discusses the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It provides examples of specific tissue types such as hyaline cartilage, cardiac muscle, and cutaneous membrane. The document also addresses developmental aspects of tissues originating from the three primary germ layers in early embryonic development, and the process of tissue repair over time.
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- 1. Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College C H A P T E R 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric P A R T C
- 2. Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage Amorphous, firm matrix with imperceptible network of collagen fibers Chondrocytes lie in lacunae Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression Forms the costal cartilage Found in embryonic skeleton, the end of long bones, nose, trachea, and larynx Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 3. Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9f
- 4. Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more elastic fibers Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 5. Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9g
- 6. Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less firm with thick collagen fibers Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 7. Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9h
- 8. Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue) Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone Osteocytes are found in lacunae and are well vascularized Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action Stores calcium, minerals, and fat Marrow inside bones is the site of hematopoiesis Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 9. Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue) Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9i
- 10. Connective Tissue: Blood Red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma) Contained within blood vessels Functions in the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 11. Connective Tissue: Blood Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9j
- 12. Nervous Tissue Branched neurons with long cellular processes and support cells Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves PLAY InterActive Physiology ®: Nervous System I: Anatomy Review Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 13. Nervous Tissue Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.10
- 14. Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations Initiates and controls voluntary movement Found in skeletal muscles that attach to bones or skin Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 15. Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.11a
- 16. Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Branching, striated, uninucleate cells interlocking at intercalated discs Propels blood into the circulation Found in the walls of the heart Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 17. Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.11b
- 18. Muscle Tissue: Smooth Sheets of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei that have no striations Propels substances along internal passageways (i.e., peristalsis) Found in the walls of hollow organs Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 19. Muscle Tissue: Smooth Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.11c
- 20. Tissue Trauma Causes inflammation, characterized by: Dilation of blood vessels Increase in vessel permeability Redness, heat, swelling, and pain Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 21. Epithelial Membranes:Cutaneous Membrane Cutaneous – skin Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.12a
- 22. Epithelial Membranes: Mucous Membrane Mucous – lines body cavities open to the exterior (e.g., digestive and respiratory tracts) Serous – moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavity Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.12b
- 23. Epithelial Membranes: Serous Membranes Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.12c
- 24. Tissue Repair Organization and restored blood supply The blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue Regeneration and fibrosis Surface epithelium regenerates and the scab detaches Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.13a
- 25. Tissue Repair Fibrous tissue matures and begins to resemble the adjacent tissue Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.13b
- 26. Tissue Repair Results in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.13c
- 27. Developmental Aspects Primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm Three layers of cells formed early in embryonic development Specialize to form the four primary tissues Nerve tissue arises from ectoderm Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 28. Developmental Aspects Muscle, connective tissue, endothelium, and mesothelium arise from mesoderm Most mucosae arise from endoderm Epithelial tissues arise from all three germ layers Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
- 29. Developmental Aspects Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.14