The skin consists of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and contains four types of cells including keratinocytes. It has several sublayers that provide barriers and protection. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains collagen, elastin, and blood vessels that supply the epidermis. It is made of two layers and anchors the epidermis. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, binds the skin to underlying tissue and contains fat cells that provide padding and insulation.

1. The integument
by
Syafiqa Al-Azua Binti

2. I’d like to talk about
• How many layers are there in the
skin ?
• What are these layers made of ?
• What are their significant
functions ?

3. But.
What is this …. 
SKIN?

4. 1.Largest organ
2.Also known as
INTEGUMENT
or
CUTANEOUS
LAYER

5. Our skin are made of 3 basic
layers
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Epithermal layer of
ectodermal origin
A layer of mesodermal Beneath the dermis
connective tissue

8. 1st skin layer- Epidermis
 Outermost layer of the skin
 Have 4 different types of cells
 But mainly are STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS KERATINIZED
EPITHILIUM – composed of cells called keratinocytes
 The other NON-KERATINOCYTE CELLS

pigment-producing melanocytes

antigen-producing langerhans cells

tactile merkel cells

9. Layers of epidermis
 Stratum corneum
 Stratum lucidum
 Stratum granulosum – the granular layer
 Stratum spinosum – the spinous layer
 Stratum basale – the basal layer

16. WHAT IT DOES -
COMPONENTS –
• Supports epidermis & binds it to the hypodermis
• Site for epidermal derivatives (e.g: hair follicles &
glands)
• irregular in shape & has many projections called Dermal
Papillae.
• Have abundance of nerve supply
DERMIS
Have BASEMENT MEMBRANE
• located in between the epidermis’s stratum basale &
dermis’s papillary layer.
• Composed of Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina
• Important for nutrients to pass through from the
vascular dermis into the avascular epidermis.
Consists of 2 layers with indistinct
boundaries
• OUTERMOST PAPILLARY LAYER
• Constitutes the major parts of the dermis
• Functions : produce anchoring – to be inserted into
basal lamina for the binding of dermis and epidermis
• DEEPER RETICULAR LAYER
• Thicker & composed of irregular dense CT
• Has more fibers than cells
• Present of elastic fiber to provide elasticityu

17. Dermal papillae
• Projections of dermal layers into the epidermis.
• Interlock with epidermal pegs
• It is more numerous in skin that is subjected to frequent
pressure. HOW???
 By increasing the epidermal-dermal junction

19. HypoDermis
1. Consists of loose connective tissue – e.g: fat cells /
adipocytes (vary in number according to different region
of the body & vary in size according to the nutritional
state)
2. Binds the skin loosely to the subjacent organs - This
enable the skin to slide over them.
3. Have an extensive vascular supply – promote rapid
uptake of insulin / drug injected into the tissue.