Ch 4 ac wr in e
•
2 likes•212 views
This document provides guidance on writing an argumentative essay, including outlining the key components of an effective paragraph and concluding paragraph. It includes an example outline for an essay arguing that television can be good for you, with evidence from academic studies. The document discusses including a title, thesis statement, main arguments supported by evidence and studies, and anticipating objections. It also provides tips for writing coherent paragraphs with clear topic sentences, development, and logical organization and progression.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
TDC1 Class 2
This document provides an overview of a pedagogical grammar class. It defines parts of speech including nouns, pronouns, articles, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prepositions, and verbs. For each part of speech, it gives a brief definition and example. It directs students to discuss the history of the English language in pairs and read about the spread of English in the British Isles. It asks students to consider the difference between direct and indirect approaches to teaching grammar and assigns students to summarize a point from pages 17-30 of a book and comment on two colleagues' summaries.
Verb tense in citations
Verbs used in citations should be in the past tense when referring to a specific researcher's actions in the past, such as "Jones (1987) investigated the causes of lung cancer." The present perfect tense should be used when not specifying a researcher's actions, like "The causes of lung cancer have been widely investigated." General statements about a topic use the present simple tense, for example "The causes of lung cancer are complex."
Ac writng in english
This document discusses academic writing and the peer review process. It explains that academic writing is typically intended for scholars in one's field or peers in a course. The document outlines the advantages of peer review, which include it being easier to notice flaws in others' writing and increasing critical thinking skills. It then provides a 5 step process for effective peer feedback, which involves drafting, giving and receiving feedback, revising, and further feedback.
Answer key tut 3
This document contains summaries of multiple passages on various topics in 3 sentences or less:
- The first passage discusses how the arts and humanities were once thought to lead to unemployment but reactions to industrialization led to new cultural institutions.
- The second passage describes how gnosticism sought esoteric knowledge about the divine nature of the soul through an inner pilgrimage.
- The third passage explains how a child's career prospects are influenced early on by their parents' income.
Isp introduction to blackboard
This document provides instructions for accessing and navigating an academic English course on Blackboard. It explains how to enroll in the course, locate the course menu, and describes the various sections within the course including announcements, assignments, course documents, pronunciation videos, and links to additional resources for building language skills. The document aims to orient students to the online structure and resources available in the Blackboard course.
Ch 6 ac wr in e
This chapter focuses on improving the consistency, support, logic, clarity, and conciseness of arguments in writing. It discusses ensuring claims are clear, accurate, relevant, credible and significant. Writers should distinguish between facts and opinions, and certainties and uncertainties. Logical fallacies to avoid include hasty generalizations and oversimplification. The chapter also covers defining and non-defining relative clauses and how to make writing more concise.
The writing process
The document outlines the writing process in 4 steps:
1) Creating (prewriting) which involves choosing a topic, narrowing it down, researching, and developing ideas through mind mapping.
2) Planning by organizing ideas into an outline with a topic sentence, supporting points, and concluding sentence.
3) Writing the rough draft following the outline.
4) Polishing through revision, editing, proofreading for content, organization, grammar, punctuation, and producing a final copy.
Ch 1 ac wr in e
This chapter introduces academic writing and provides guidance on key aspects of the process. It discusses academic writing as a recursive process involving drafting and revising. It also notes that academic writing requires using a formal register. The chapter outlines two common models for writing, describes the typical organization of an academic paper, and discusses purpose and audience for different types of academic texts. It concludes by distinguishing characteristics of informal and formal writing styles.
Recommended
TDC1 Class 2
This document provides an overview of a pedagogical grammar class. It defines parts of speech including nouns, pronouns, articles, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prepositions, and verbs. For each part of speech, it gives a brief definition and example. It directs students to discuss the history of the English language in pairs and read about the spread of English in the British Isles. It asks students to consider the difference between direct and indirect approaches to teaching grammar and assigns students to summarize a point from pages 17-30 of a book and comment on two colleagues' summaries.
Verb tense in citations
Verbs used in citations should be in the past tense when referring to a specific researcher's actions in the past, such as "Jones (1987) investigated the causes of lung cancer." The present perfect tense should be used when not specifying a researcher's actions, like "The causes of lung cancer have been widely investigated." General statements about a topic use the present simple tense, for example "The causes of lung cancer are complex."
Ac writng in english
This document discusses academic writing and the peer review process. It explains that academic writing is typically intended for scholars in one's field or peers in a course. The document outlines the advantages of peer review, which include it being easier to notice flaws in others' writing and increasing critical thinking skills. It then provides a 5 step process for effective peer feedback, which involves drafting, giving and receiving feedback, revising, and further feedback.
Answer key tut 3
This document contains summaries of multiple passages on various topics in 3 sentences or less:
- The first passage discusses how the arts and humanities were once thought to lead to unemployment but reactions to industrialization led to new cultural institutions.
- The second passage describes how gnosticism sought esoteric knowledge about the divine nature of the soul through an inner pilgrimage.
- The third passage explains how a child's career prospects are influenced early on by their parents' income.
Isp introduction to blackboard
This document provides instructions for accessing and navigating an academic English course on Blackboard. It explains how to enroll in the course, locate the course menu, and describes the various sections within the course including announcements, assignments, course documents, pronunciation videos, and links to additional resources for building language skills. The document aims to orient students to the online structure and resources available in the Blackboard course.
Ch 6 ac wr in e
This chapter focuses on improving the consistency, support, logic, clarity, and conciseness of arguments in writing. It discusses ensuring claims are clear, accurate, relevant, credible and significant. Writers should distinguish between facts and opinions, and certainties and uncertainties. Logical fallacies to avoid include hasty generalizations and oversimplification. The chapter also covers defining and non-defining relative clauses and how to make writing more concise.
The writing process
The document outlines the writing process in 4 steps:
1) Creating (prewriting) which involves choosing a topic, narrowing it down, researching, and developing ideas through mind mapping.
2) Planning by organizing ideas into an outline with a topic sentence, supporting points, and concluding sentence.
3) Writing the rough draft following the outline.
4) Polishing through revision, editing, proofreading for content, organization, grammar, punctuation, and producing a final copy.
Ch 1 ac wr in e
This chapter introduces academic writing and provides guidance on key aspects of the process. It discusses academic writing as a recursive process involving drafting and revising. It also notes that academic writing requires using a formal register. The chapter outlines two common models for writing, describes the typical organization of an academic paper, and discusses purpose and audience for different types of academic texts. It concludes by distinguishing characteristics of informal and formal writing styles.
Lecture 3 academic writing in english
The document provides an overview of structuring an academic essay, including outlining paragraphs with topics, evidence, and conclusions. It also discusses revising writing through linking paragraphs, using tentative language to qualify claims, and addressing collocations and natural combinations of words that improve academic writing. The document offers guidance on developing cohesive structure and flow within and between paragraphs.
Using Podcasts to Integrate Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation Skills
The document discusses using podcasts to integrate listening, speaking, and pronunciation skills in an English language classroom. It provides examples of lesson plans that use podcasts to target specific skills like summarizing, discussing topics, and mimicking pronunciation patterns. Podcasts provide authentic language input and allow students to learn at their own pace. The podcast project described had students listen to and analyze podcasts, answer questions, discuss topics, and focus on pronunciation. Feedback from students found podcasts engaging but some topics too fast-paced. Teachers should carefully select podcasts that fit lesson goals and monitor student selections.
patters of development
This document outlines different patterns of development that can be used when writing paragraphs or essays. It describes narration, description, definition, exemplification/classification, comparison/contrast, cause and effect, problem-solution, and persuasion as common patterns. An example is provided to illustrate comparison/contrast. The document also lists four common patterns of arrangement: general to specific, specific to general, question to answer, and order of importance.
Outline Before you start writing the first draft of y.docx
Outline
Before you start writing the first draft of your essay or research project, it is always useful to make an
outline of your ideas. If you have already decided on your focus or topic, and you have a rough list of
sources for support, then you are ready to draft an outline.
Keep in mind that outlines are required to follow a format style (eg. APA). An outline is simply a
way to organize your ideas and information. The following is an abbreviated version of what is often
referred to as a formal or “traditional” outline. It can be expanded or condensed to fit the scope of
your essay or research project. The example below is based on the five-paragraph essay model.
The Thesis Statement (TS) will be the
last 1-3 sentences of the introduction.
I. Introduction
A. Thesis Statement
II. Body paragraph #1 – Topic Sentence #1
A. Supporting Evidence
1. Name of & quote from source Supporting Evidence
Integrate an appropriate example,
such as a quote, statistic, case
study, etc.
2. Name of & quote from source #2 (if applicable)
B. Explanation
1. Explanation of source
2. Explanation of source #2 (if applicable)
C. So What?
Explanation
Explain how this evidence supports your
topic sentence. Try to develop your
explanation in 2-4 sentences.
III. Body paragraph #2 – Topic Sentence #2
A. Supporting Evidence
1.
So What?
What’s significant or important about the
ideas (topic sentence + evidence +
explanation) in this paragraph? Remind
your reader how all this connects back to
the TS.
2.
B. Explanation
1.
2.
C. So What?
IV. Body paragraph #3 – Topic Sentence #3
A. Supporting Evidence
The TS is the first 1-3 sentences of the
conclusion. It should be “rephrased” here
rather than repeated verbatim. Avoid
simply summarizing the main points in
the conclusion: synthesize them.
B. Explanation
C. So What?
V. Conclusion
A. Rephrase thesis statement
B. Bring closure by going from specific to broad
To see what a complete outline, refer to the model below. The thesis statement has been taken from
the Thesis Statement Guide section of the Ashford Writing Center.
I. Introduction
A. Thesis Statement
Although there are educational television programs, parents should regulate the
amount of television their children watch because it is not always intellectually
stimulating, it can distort a child’s perception of reality, and it inhibits social
interaction.
II. Body paragraph #1 - Topic Sentence #1
While television has the potential to offer programs that can be seen as educational
supplements, too much television has an even greater potential for turning children
into passive viewers and getting in the way of intellectual sti.
BES-ENG21 PPP 2021 Exam based.pptx
This document provides an overview of Module 3 of the English subject. It discusses the learning outcomes students will achieve, including discussing language elements, developing vocabulary, explaining writing basics and characteristics of essays. It also outlines the assessment requirements, including an assignment worth 130 marks and an examination. The document then covers the units that will be included, such as language elements, vocabulary, writing basics and essay characteristics. It provides examples and explanations of various language concepts like standard language, paragraphs, punctuation marks, synonyms/antonyms and formal/informal letters.
Effective paragraphs-presentation
The document provides information on paragraph structure, including its history and key components. It discusses how prior to the 19th century, paragraphs did not have a standardized structure. It then describes how Alexander Bain developed one of the first standardized paragraph models in the 19th century, proposing that paragraphs should have unity with one main idea, coherence through logical order and transitions, and development through supporting the main idea. The document continues by explaining additional concepts like topic sentences, coherence between and within paragraphs, counterarguments, introductions, and conclusions.
How to learn IELTS Vocabulary (Collocations and Topic Specific Vocabulary)
This document provides information and strategies for improving IELTS vocabulary. It discusses how vocabulary accounts for 25% of writing and speaking scores and emphasizes the importance of collocations. Collocations are sequences of words that commonly go together. The document recommends learning collocations in chunks through active reading and writing. It also provides sample essay sentences that can be modified for different topics. TED Talks are suggested as a resource for learning topic-specific vocabulary. Finally, the Academic Word List is introduced as containing common words in academic texts. Learning strategies include spacing repetitions, using context, and memorizing phrases.
Sentence structure
A sentence is defined as a group of words that expresses a complete thought through a statement, question, instruction or exclamation. It typically contains a subject and a verb. Sentences can contain multiple thoughts and ideas. The key parts of a sentence are the subject, predicate, object, and complement. There are different types of sentences such as simple, compound, complex and complex compound sentences. Proper sentence structure is important for clear academic writing.
Essay an Overview
An essay is a group of paragraphs that discusses a single topic and central main idea. It typically contains at least three paragraphs, with five paragraphs being a common academic length. The structure of an essay includes an introduction with a general statement and thesis, body paragraphs that explain and support the thesis with evidence, and a conclusion that restates the main points. An outline is used to organize the information and structure of an essay in an ordered format using Roman numerals, capital letters, and Arabic numerals to denote the introduction, main ideas, supporting points, and details.
MODULE 3 Writing n Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to Include Ke...
The document defines and discusses exposition, which presents an argument to persuade the reader. It notes that exposition can be in the form of an essay, speech, or editorial. The document outlines the typical structure of exposition, including an introduction stating the position, arguments to support it, and a reinforcement of the position. It also identifies common language features used in exposition, such as conjunctions, modal verbs, evaluative language, thinking verbs, and transitional words to logically link the argument.
Merging Result-merged.pptx
Conjunctions are words that connect sentences, clauses, or groups of words. There are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions give equal importance to the words or sentences they connect, examples include but, or, and, yet, for, nor. Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause to a dependent clause, examples include once, while, when, whenever, where, wherever, before, and after. Correlative conjunctions illustrate how two words or phrases relate to each other, common pairs include either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, both/and.
Language and Literature Assessment: Chapter 4
This document outlines a developmental approach to teaching editing and revising skills to students from K-12. It provides examples of skills and strategies that students should learn at each grade level, from basic punctuation and capitalization in early grades to advanced skills like incorporating concessions and choosing appropriate voice and genre by high school. The goal is for students to learn to independently apply editing and revising strategies in every class to continuously improve their writing abilities. There is a direct link between writing and other language skills like speaking, listening and reading.
CE320Language Development in the Young ChildUnit 5.docx
CE320
Language Development
in the Young Child
Unit 5 Seminar:
Best Practices for Promoting Bilingualism
in Kindergartners
1
Shout out!!!!
Nicole Browne
did a TERRIFIC job of answering the discussion questions for Unit 5 **as required.** She responded early enough to advance the discussion, revised her response to address the DB topic requirements and answer my concerns, used her own **original** work, and cited her references, including course materials.
Way to go,
Nicole!!
Unit 4 Topic Review
Mediation – simplifying words or concepts to relate information more easily to the student
Linguistic Scaffolding – building on prior language knowledge to expand a child’s vocabulary
Sign Language – signing in our preschool classrooms can give students ways to express themselves in acceptable ways
(EX: Alana)
Conflict Resolution – establishing procedures for children to use language in an effort to mediate / resolve conflicts
Unit 5 Seminar
Tonight we will discuss…
Selection guidelines for Read-Alouds for kindergartners.
Best practices for building language and literacy skills in the kindergartner.
Discuss narratives.
Discuss bilingualism.
Discuss television as a medium for promoting language.
I will also…
Introduce the Unit 6 DB Topic and Instructions
Review the Unit 6 Assignment Instructions and Rubric.
Answer questions about the assignment.
Present a proposed time-management schedule for the completion of the assignment.
If you have not yet submitted your Unit 2 Assignment, please know you may still do so, but time is running out! If the assignment is not submitted by TOMORROW, it will no longer be eligible for credit. Review the university late policy in the syllabus for more information.
Unit 5 Outcomes and Expectations
By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Explain and defend the practice of Read-Alouds in the kindergarten setting.
Explain the role of the early childhood professional in supporting the kindergartner’s acquisition of semantic and phonetic knowledge.
Review of the Readings (Uchikoshi, 2005)
We will discuss these elements one at a time, based primarily on the information presented in the article, “Narrative Development in Bilingual kindergartners: Can Arthur Help?”
Please don’t jump ahead…
narratives
bilingualism
using TV to promote language
best practices
Narratives
Seminar Question 1:
Define narratives based on the information from the
Uchikoshi (2005) article.
Narratives
Narratives are defined as at least two (2) sequential independent clauses (complete sentences) describing a single past event. (Stories!!)
Narratives require the ability to sustain talk about one topic and beyond. It requires the use of several utterances that are linked to build a coherent story.
“When telling a story, the narrator not only tells the listener what happens in the story but also talks about the meaning of those events” (Uchikoshi, 2005, p. 465).
8
Fi ...
AIS EAL workshop notes Aug2011
The document discusses ways that EAL and mainstream teachers can work together to support EAL students in mainstream classes. It provides examples of how EAL teachers can help scaffold lessons, tasks, and assessments to make the content more accessible for EAL students. Mainstream teachers are advised to provide materials and guidance to the EAL teacher. Both teachers working together can help EAL students to fully understand lessons while developing their English language skills.
Effective Speechwriting
This document provides guidance on developing a speech, including selecting a topic and purpose, researching the topic, organizing the speech, developing a thesis statement, and ensuring cohesion. It discusses choosing an audience-appropriate topic, selecting from common speech purposes like informing or persuading. It recommends narrowing the topic through research and creating an outline with key points and supporting details. Transitions and repetition of words are discussed as ways to provide cohesion and flow between paragraphs. The introduction should catch the listener's interest and set up the topic.
Thesis_statement__1-PPT.ppt
A thesis statement is something professional approach to writing. Where we can write an authentic paragraph with proper use of words.
Communicative approach
1. The document discusses the differences between deductive and inductive teaching methods.
2. The deductive method moves from general concepts or rules to specific applications, while the inductive method moves from specific examples or cases to broader generalizations.
3. Key differences include the flow of information (general to specific vs. specific to general), the role of the teacher vs. students, and application in large vs. small classroom settings.
Comparative Essay Reminders
This document provides reminders and guidelines for writing a comparative essay. It instructs the writer to include a thesis that addresses all parts of the essay question and is supported by historical evidence. Direct comparisons should be made between societies, analyzing reasons for similarities and differences. An outline is given for the essay structure, including a thesis paragraph that restates the prompt, two body paragraphs comparing a similarity and difference with evidence and analysis, and optionally rewriting the thesis as a conclusion. The writer is reminded to continually compare societies, answer the prompt fully, and follow the outlined structure to score points on the rubric.
Essay writing 2nd upload
Here is a draft outline for the essay on the harmful effects of smoking:
I. Introduction
Thesis statement: Smoking has significant negative health effects and should be avoided or reduced.
II. Body
A. Smoking causes cancer
1. Lung cancer
2. Other cancers
B. Smoking causes heart and lung disease
1. Heart attack and stroke
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body
1. Effects on the mouth, throat, and esophagus
2. Effects on the liver, pancreas, and kidneys
III. Conclusion
Restatement of thesis: Due to the many serious
Coherence-and-Cohesion ppt.pptx
This document discusses coherence and cohesion in writing. Coherence refers to the logical structure and organization of paragraphs and essays, including an introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with a central idea and examples, and a conclusion that restates the thesis. Cohesion refers to how well ideas flow from one to the next with linking words and referencing. Examples of commonly used linking words are provided for sequencing, effects, emphasis, addition, causes, and conclusions. Cohesive devices like pronouns and transition words help integrate information between sentences and aid comprehension.
Eap tutorial 4
(1) The document provides an outline for an essay arguing that television can have positive effects.
(2) It includes a thesis statement, outline of main points about how TV can ease loneliness, spark laughter and educate children, and anticipated objections about harmful effects of TV.
(3) The document also provides examples of studies and sources to support each point and instructions on concluding the essay by recapping the main arguments.
Fine tuning and editing
This tutorial focuses on fine-tuning academic writing skills. It discusses editing work for consistency, supporting claims with clear and relevant evidence, and distinguishing facts from opinions. Some common logical fallacies are described like hasty generalizations. The tutorial also covers using relative clauses correctly, being concise without unnecessary words, and conducting a final edit check before submission. Differences in writing styles across cultures and languages are examined when it comes to paragraph structure, rhetoric, and expectations of native readers.
More Related Content
Similar to Ch 4 ac wr in e
Lecture 3 academic writing in english
The document provides an overview of structuring an academic essay, including outlining paragraphs with topics, evidence, and conclusions. It also discusses revising writing through linking paragraphs, using tentative language to qualify claims, and addressing collocations and natural combinations of words that improve academic writing. The document offers guidance on developing cohesive structure and flow within and between paragraphs.
Using Podcasts to Integrate Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation Skills
The document discusses using podcasts to integrate listening, speaking, and pronunciation skills in an English language classroom. It provides examples of lesson plans that use podcasts to target specific skills like summarizing, discussing topics, and mimicking pronunciation patterns. Podcasts provide authentic language input and allow students to learn at their own pace. The podcast project described had students listen to and analyze podcasts, answer questions, discuss topics, and focus on pronunciation. Feedback from students found podcasts engaging but some topics too fast-paced. Teachers should carefully select podcasts that fit lesson goals and monitor student selections.
patters of development
This document outlines different patterns of development that can be used when writing paragraphs or essays. It describes narration, description, definition, exemplification/classification, comparison/contrast, cause and effect, problem-solution, and persuasion as common patterns. An example is provided to illustrate comparison/contrast. The document also lists four common patterns of arrangement: general to specific, specific to general, question to answer, and order of importance.
Outline Before you start writing the first draft of y.docx
Outline
Before you start writing the first draft of your essay or research project, it is always useful to make an
outline of your ideas. If you have already decided on your focus or topic, and you have a rough list of
sources for support, then you are ready to draft an outline.
Keep in mind that outlines are required to follow a format style (eg. APA). An outline is simply a
way to organize your ideas and information. The following is an abbreviated version of what is often
referred to as a formal or “traditional” outline. It can be expanded or condensed to fit the scope of
your essay or research project. The example below is based on the five-paragraph essay model.
The Thesis Statement (TS) will be the
last 1-3 sentences of the introduction.
I. Introduction
A. Thesis Statement
II. Body paragraph #1 – Topic Sentence #1
A. Supporting Evidence
1. Name of & quote from source Supporting Evidence
Integrate an appropriate example,
such as a quote, statistic, case
study, etc.
2. Name of & quote from source #2 (if applicable)
B. Explanation
1. Explanation of source
2. Explanation of source #2 (if applicable)
C. So What?
Explanation
Explain how this evidence supports your
topic sentence. Try to develop your
explanation in 2-4 sentences.
III. Body paragraph #2 – Topic Sentence #2
A. Supporting Evidence
1.
So What?
What’s significant or important about the
ideas (topic sentence + evidence +
explanation) in this paragraph? Remind
your reader how all this connects back to
the TS.
2.
B. Explanation
1.
2.
C. So What?
IV. Body paragraph #3 – Topic Sentence #3
A. Supporting Evidence
The TS is the first 1-3 sentences of the
conclusion. It should be “rephrased” here
rather than repeated verbatim. Avoid
simply summarizing the main points in
the conclusion: synthesize them.
B. Explanation
C. So What?
V. Conclusion
A. Rephrase thesis statement
B. Bring closure by going from specific to broad
To see what a complete outline, refer to the model below. The thesis statement has been taken from
the Thesis Statement Guide section of the Ashford Writing Center.
I. Introduction
A. Thesis Statement
Although there are educational television programs, parents should regulate the
amount of television their children watch because it is not always intellectually
stimulating, it can distort a child’s perception of reality, and it inhibits social
interaction.
II. Body paragraph #1 - Topic Sentence #1
While television has the potential to offer programs that can be seen as educational
supplements, too much television has an even greater potential for turning children
into passive viewers and getting in the way of intellectual sti.
BES-ENG21 PPP 2021 Exam based.pptx
This document provides an overview of Module 3 of the English subject. It discusses the learning outcomes students will achieve, including discussing language elements, developing vocabulary, explaining writing basics and characteristics of essays. It also outlines the assessment requirements, including an assignment worth 130 marks and an examination. The document then covers the units that will be included, such as language elements, vocabulary, writing basics and essay characteristics. It provides examples and explanations of various language concepts like standard language, paragraphs, punctuation marks, synonyms/antonyms and formal/informal letters.
Effective paragraphs-presentation
The document provides information on paragraph structure, including its history and key components. It discusses how prior to the 19th century, paragraphs did not have a standardized structure. It then describes how Alexander Bain developed one of the first standardized paragraph models in the 19th century, proposing that paragraphs should have unity with one main idea, coherence through logical order and transitions, and development through supporting the main idea. The document continues by explaining additional concepts like topic sentences, coherence between and within paragraphs, counterarguments, introductions, and conclusions.
How to learn IELTS Vocabulary (Collocations and Topic Specific Vocabulary)
This document provides information and strategies for improving IELTS vocabulary. It discusses how vocabulary accounts for 25% of writing and speaking scores and emphasizes the importance of collocations. Collocations are sequences of words that commonly go together. The document recommends learning collocations in chunks through active reading and writing. It also provides sample essay sentences that can be modified for different topics. TED Talks are suggested as a resource for learning topic-specific vocabulary. Finally, the Academic Word List is introduced as containing common words in academic texts. Learning strategies include spacing repetitions, using context, and memorizing phrases.
Sentence structure
A sentence is defined as a group of words that expresses a complete thought through a statement, question, instruction or exclamation. It typically contains a subject and a verb. Sentences can contain multiple thoughts and ideas. The key parts of a sentence are the subject, predicate, object, and complement. There are different types of sentences such as simple, compound, complex and complex compound sentences. Proper sentence structure is important for clear academic writing.
Essay an Overview
An essay is a group of paragraphs that discusses a single topic and central main idea. It typically contains at least three paragraphs, with five paragraphs being a common academic length. The structure of an essay includes an introduction with a general statement and thesis, body paragraphs that explain and support the thesis with evidence, and a conclusion that restates the main points. An outline is used to organize the information and structure of an essay in an ordered format using Roman numerals, capital letters, and Arabic numerals to denote the introduction, main ideas, supporting points, and details.
MODULE 3 Writing n Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to Include Ke...
The document defines and discusses exposition, which presents an argument to persuade the reader. It notes that exposition can be in the form of an essay, speech, or editorial. The document outlines the typical structure of exposition, including an introduction stating the position, arguments to support it, and a reinforcement of the position. It also identifies common language features used in exposition, such as conjunctions, modal verbs, evaluative language, thinking verbs, and transitional words to logically link the argument.
Merging Result-merged.pptx
Conjunctions are words that connect sentences, clauses, or groups of words. There are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions give equal importance to the words or sentences they connect, examples include but, or, and, yet, for, nor. Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause to a dependent clause, examples include once, while, when, whenever, where, wherever, before, and after. Correlative conjunctions illustrate how two words or phrases relate to each other, common pairs include either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, both/and.
Language and Literature Assessment: Chapter 4
This document outlines a developmental approach to teaching editing and revising skills to students from K-12. It provides examples of skills and strategies that students should learn at each grade level, from basic punctuation and capitalization in early grades to advanced skills like incorporating concessions and choosing appropriate voice and genre by high school. The goal is for students to learn to independently apply editing and revising strategies in every class to continuously improve their writing abilities. There is a direct link between writing and other language skills like speaking, listening and reading.
CE320Language Development in the Young ChildUnit 5.docx
CE320
Language Development
in the Young Child
Unit 5 Seminar:
Best Practices for Promoting Bilingualism
in Kindergartners
1
Shout out!!!!
Nicole Browne
did a TERRIFIC job of answering the discussion questions for Unit 5 **as required.** She responded early enough to advance the discussion, revised her response to address the DB topic requirements and answer my concerns, used her own **original** work, and cited her references, including course materials.
Way to go,
Nicole!!
Unit 4 Topic Review
Mediation – simplifying words or concepts to relate information more easily to the student
Linguistic Scaffolding – building on prior language knowledge to expand a child’s vocabulary
Sign Language – signing in our preschool classrooms can give students ways to express themselves in acceptable ways
(EX: Alana)
Conflict Resolution – establishing procedures for children to use language in an effort to mediate / resolve conflicts
Unit 5 Seminar
Tonight we will discuss…
Selection guidelines for Read-Alouds for kindergartners.
Best practices for building language and literacy skills in the kindergartner.
Discuss narratives.
Discuss bilingualism.
Discuss television as a medium for promoting language.
I will also…
Introduce the Unit 6 DB Topic and Instructions
Review the Unit 6 Assignment Instructions and Rubric.
Answer questions about the assignment.
Present a proposed time-management schedule for the completion of the assignment.
If you have not yet submitted your Unit 2 Assignment, please know you may still do so, but time is running out! If the assignment is not submitted by TOMORROW, it will no longer be eligible for credit. Review the university late policy in the syllabus for more information.
Unit 5 Outcomes and Expectations
By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
Explain and defend the practice of Read-Alouds in the kindergarten setting.
Explain the role of the early childhood professional in supporting the kindergartner’s acquisition of semantic and phonetic knowledge.
Review of the Readings (Uchikoshi, 2005)
We will discuss these elements one at a time, based primarily on the information presented in the article, “Narrative Development in Bilingual kindergartners: Can Arthur Help?”
Please don’t jump ahead…
narratives
bilingualism
using TV to promote language
best practices
Narratives
Seminar Question 1:
Define narratives based on the information from the
Uchikoshi (2005) article.
Narratives
Narratives are defined as at least two (2) sequential independent clauses (complete sentences) describing a single past event. (Stories!!)
Narratives require the ability to sustain talk about one topic and beyond. It requires the use of several utterances that are linked to build a coherent story.
“When telling a story, the narrator not only tells the listener what happens in the story but also talks about the meaning of those events” (Uchikoshi, 2005, p. 465).
8
Fi ...
AIS EAL workshop notes Aug2011
The document discusses ways that EAL and mainstream teachers can work together to support EAL students in mainstream classes. It provides examples of how EAL teachers can help scaffold lessons, tasks, and assessments to make the content more accessible for EAL students. Mainstream teachers are advised to provide materials and guidance to the EAL teacher. Both teachers working together can help EAL students to fully understand lessons while developing their English language skills.
Effective Speechwriting
This document provides guidance on developing a speech, including selecting a topic and purpose, researching the topic, organizing the speech, developing a thesis statement, and ensuring cohesion. It discusses choosing an audience-appropriate topic, selecting from common speech purposes like informing or persuading. It recommends narrowing the topic through research and creating an outline with key points and supporting details. Transitions and repetition of words are discussed as ways to provide cohesion and flow between paragraphs. The introduction should catch the listener's interest and set up the topic.
Thesis_statement__1-PPT.ppt
A thesis statement is something professional approach to writing. Where we can write an authentic paragraph with proper use of words.
Communicative approach
1. The document discusses the differences between deductive and inductive teaching methods.
2. The deductive method moves from general concepts or rules to specific applications, while the inductive method moves from specific examples or cases to broader generalizations.
3. Key differences include the flow of information (general to specific vs. specific to general), the role of the teacher vs. students, and application in large vs. small classroom settings.
Comparative Essay Reminders
This document provides reminders and guidelines for writing a comparative essay. It instructs the writer to include a thesis that addresses all parts of the essay question and is supported by historical evidence. Direct comparisons should be made between societies, analyzing reasons for similarities and differences. An outline is given for the essay structure, including a thesis paragraph that restates the prompt, two body paragraphs comparing a similarity and difference with evidence and analysis, and optionally rewriting the thesis as a conclusion. The writer is reminded to continually compare societies, answer the prompt fully, and follow the outlined structure to score points on the rubric.
Essay writing 2nd upload
Here is a draft outline for the essay on the harmful effects of smoking:
I. Introduction
Thesis statement: Smoking has significant negative health effects and should be avoided or reduced.
II. Body
A. Smoking causes cancer
1. Lung cancer
2. Other cancers
B. Smoking causes heart and lung disease
1. Heart attack and stroke
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C. Smoking harms nearly every organ in the body
1. Effects on the mouth, throat, and esophagus
2. Effects on the liver, pancreas, and kidneys
III. Conclusion
Restatement of thesis: Due to the many serious
Coherence-and-Cohesion ppt.pptx
This document discusses coherence and cohesion in writing. Coherence refers to the logical structure and organization of paragraphs and essays, including an introduction with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with a central idea and examples, and a conclusion that restates the thesis. Cohesion refers to how well ideas flow from one to the next with linking words and referencing. Examples of commonly used linking words are provided for sequencing, effects, emphasis, addition, causes, and conclusions. Cohesive devices like pronouns and transition words help integrate information between sentences and aid comprehension.
Similar to Ch 4 ac wr in e (20)
Using Podcasts to Integrate Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation Skills
Using Podcasts to Integrate Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation Skills
Outline Before you start writing the first draft of y.docx
Outline Before you start writing the first draft of y.docx
How to learn IELTS Vocabulary (Collocations and Topic Specific Vocabulary)
How to learn IELTS Vocabulary (Collocations and Topic Specific Vocabulary)
MODULE 3 Writing n Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to Include Ke...
MODULE 3 Writing n Exposition or Discussion on a Familiar Issue to Include Ke...
CE320Language Development in the Young ChildUnit 5.docx
CE320Language Development in the Young ChildUnit 5.docx
More from annemiekwegman
Eap tutorial 4
(1) The document provides an outline for an essay arguing that television can have positive effects.
(2) It includes a thesis statement, outline of main points about how TV can ease loneliness, spark laughter and educate children, and anticipated objections about harmful effects of TV.
(3) The document also provides examples of studies and sources to support each point and instructions on concluding the essay by recapping the main arguments.
Fine tuning and editing
This tutorial focuses on fine-tuning academic writing skills. It discusses editing work for consistency, supporting claims with clear and relevant evidence, and distinguishing facts from opinions. Some common logical fallacies are described like hasty generalizations. The tutorial also covers using relative clauses correctly, being concise without unnecessary words, and conducting a final edit check before submission. Differences in writing styles across cultures and languages are examined when it comes to paragraph structure, rhetoric, and expectations of native readers.
Stress positions
The document discusses stress positions in sentences and how they influence a reader's perspective. It explains that the first noun or pronoun mentioned is usually the perspective or agent of the action. It then provides examples of rearranging data to make it easier to interpret by putting what shows up first in stress position. The document also discusses using punctuation like semicolons and colons to create multiple stress positions within a sentence.
Eapw argumentative essays
This document provides guidance on writing the different sections of an argumentative essay, including the introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should establish the research area as interesting, important, or problematic, indicate gaps in previous research by reviewing literature, and outline the purpose and findings of the present research. The body will present the argument. The conclusion should consolidate the research space, optionally indicate limitations, and identify useful areas for further research. It should relate to the prior paragraph and restate the thesis while briefly summarizing main points and significance.
Planning the writing process
This document provides information and guidance on academic writing. It discusses the audience for academic writing being scholars in one's field. It also outlines two key processes for academic writing - writing as a process of drafting and revising, and using a formal register. The document describes two models for writing as either a linear or recursive process and provides guidance on organizing an academic paper, purpose and audience, characteristics of formal vs informal writing, and resources to support academic vocabulary.
Discussion sections
The document outlines the typical structure of a discussion section in 5 moves: Move 1 provides background context such as the research purpose, theory, and methodology; Move 2 summarizes and reports the key results; Move 3 comments on the key results by making claims, explaining the results, comparing to previous studies, and offering alternative explanations; Move 4 and 5 optionally state the study's limitations and make recommendations for future research.
Error analysis
This document provides instructions for analyzing errors in academic writing by having students correct a short paper on North Sea archaeology. It lists 10 questions to consider when reviewing the paper, such as identifying uses of first-person pronouns, sentence structure issues, word choice improvements, and issues with references, relative clauses, summarization, and paragraph organization. The goal is to help students strengthen their academic writing skills by reviewing another's work based on specific criteria.
Intro aw
This document provides information about an academic writing course for graduate students, including details on a lesson comparing how commas can change the meaning of two "Dear Jack" letters from Jill. In the first letter, commas are used properly and Jill expresses her love for Jack and desire to be with him. In the second letter, without commas in different places, Jill comes across as having no feelings for Jack and instead yearning for other men when they are apart.
Lecture 4 academic writing in english
This document provides a summary of an academic writing lecture. It discusses fine-tuning work, editing, and differences in academic writing across cultures. The lecture covers revising arguments, supporting claims, logical fallacies, concise writing, and editing techniques. It also examines how paragraph structure, plagiarism, and notions of individualism in writing can vary between cultures due to linguistic and rhetorical differences.
Different types of essays
The document discusses different types of academic essays, including expository, argumentative, and scientific essays. It provides details on the typical structure and elements of each type. For expository essays, it describes the introduction, body paragraphs using description, sequence, cause/effect, comparison/contrast, or problem/solution structures, and conclusion. For argumentative essays, it outlines developing a debatable thesis and using counterarguments and refutations in body paragraphs. Scientific articles follow the scientific method with sections for abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
Lecture 2 academic writing in english scrap
This document provides an overview of the structure and content of an academic writing lecture. It discusses defining key terms, developing topics by taking notes from sources, avoiding plagiarism, using different types of introductions like asking questions or using anecdotes, developing an effective thesis statement, and integrating sources through quotes, paraphrases and summaries. The document also provides examples of introduction paragraphs that use a funnel structure and clearly state the thesis.
Lecture 1 academic writing in english final
This lecture provides an overview and introduction to the Academic Writing course. It discusses the structure and expectations of the course, including aims, lectures, tutorials, assignments, assessment criteria, and deadlines. It also introduces the course book and discusses key concepts in academic writing, such as the writing process, text structure, purpose and audience, plagiarism, and characteristics of formal versus informal writing. Resources for developing academic vocabulary are also presented.
Register and style
This document discusses the differences between formal and informal writing styles. It notes that formal writing uses more words of Romance origin with Latin or French origins. Formal writing also takes an impersonal tone by using passive voice and nominalizations to distance the writer from the audience. However, too many passive sentences or nominalizations can make writing unclear. The document recommends using fully written verbs instead of contractions to maintain a formal, serious tone.
Ch 7 ac wr in e
The document provides guidance on final checks and improvements for a paper being submitted. It recommends checking the title, argumentation, vocabulary, grammar, spelling, bibliography, and layout. For the title, it notes titles often reference the main topic, aim, conclusion, pose the topic as a question, or use a general statement. It also directs the reader to tasks in their textbook on getting peer feedback and using nominalization to change verbs to nouns for a more academic style.
Ch 5 ac wr in e
This document discusses revising academic writing. It focuses on organizing ideas into well-developed paragraphs with concluding sentences, and linking paragraphs with transition sentences. Transition sentences briefly link back to the previous paragraph and introduce the next topic using signalling language like "similar to" or "whereas." Not only...but also constructions are discussed. Special attention in revising should be paid to word choice, sentence structure, and paragraph structure. The document also discusses using tentative language to qualify claims through modal verbs, distancing language, and weaker verbs.
Ch 3 ac wr in e
This chapter discusses planning an essay, including writing an effective thesis statement. It provides guidance on how to structure an introduction from general to specific information, ending with the thesis statement. The chapter also covers integrating sources into an essay through direct quotations, paraphrasing, summarizing and using attribution. Students are directed to complete exercises to practice these skills.
Ch 2 ac wr in e
This document provides guidance on developing a topic for an academic paper. It discusses brainstorming ideas and narrowing a topic, setting an appropriate scope, and reading actively and taking notes on sources. The document also covers paraphrasing sources, developing an outline, and types of peer feedback.
Tutorial visual aids
This document provides examples of PowerPoint slides to demonstrate best practices for presentation skills. It shows examples of slides with issues like small text, lack of images or charts, spelling errors, and missing slides. The examples are meant to illustrate problems to avoid and better ways to structure slides so the information is clear, visually appealing and fully conveys the presenter's intended message.
Tutorial visual aids ppt
This document provides examples of PowerPoint slides to demonstrate best practices for presentation skills. It shows examples of slides with issues like small text, lack of images or charts, spelling errors, and missing slides. The examples are meant to illustrate problems to avoid and better ways to structure slides so the information is clear, visually appealing and fully conveys the presenter's intended message.
More from annemiekwegman (19)
Recently uploaded
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Recently uploaded (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Ch 4 ac wr in e
- 1. Chapter 4 Drafting Do task 2, p 130 Academic Language Centre
- 2. Plan argumentative essay Title: TV Can Be Good for You TS: Television provides replacement voices that ease loneliness, spark healthful laughter, and even educate young children. A. Television eases loneliness. TV: companion to elderly and reduces confusion and depression (Bondevik and Skogstad, 1998) (Evidence 1: study ) TV reduces feelings of isolation and loneliness (New Zealand study 2005) (Evidence 2: study ) B. TV: positive effect on health Effects of laughter on health (e.g. Griffith, 1996) (Background for claim B) Examples of comedy programmes (Evidence for comedy on TV) Laughter inspired by TV as healthful as laughter by live comedy (Laliberte, 2003) (Evidence 1: study ) Academic Language Centre
- 3. Essay plan C. Television can educate children 1. Education television programmes: information at various cognitive levels a. Sesame Street : source of leaning (Illustration supporting claim) 1. TV can inspire imaginative play important for children’s cognitive development (Thakkar et al. 2006) (Evidence : study ) D. Harm of TV Violent + anti-social behaviour (e.g. Reeks, 2005) (Anticipation of objection) Children cannot develop language properly by watching TV need for actual interaction (Pinker, 1998) (Anticipation of objection) TV not an entirely positive force, but not entirely negative force either (Response to objections) Academic Language Centre
- 4. Paragraph requirements: A good paragraph is: unified, i.e. it deals with one idea only, represented in the topic sentence (usually the first) well-developed, in that it contains enough support for the main point in the form of explanation, clarification, illustration Coherent, i.e. it is logically organised and easy to follow (it flows). Do tasks 4, 5, 6a, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14 on pp. 133-142 Academic Language Centre
- 5. Paragraph coherence: • Linking words and phrases • Repetition of key words and phrases • Summary words • Use of grammatically parallel constructions • Use of pronouns (he, they, our, this, that, their, etc.), reference words • Predictable paragraph organisation • Topic sentence in first position (80%) • accepted to controversial, general to specific, problem – solution, cause –effect, etc.) • Sentence patterns (given – new) • Punctuation Academic Language Centre
- 6. Coherence and summary words: As warm surface waters flow north they cool and get saltier which makes them denser. This denser water sinks and returns to the south at depth. The Gulf Stream is part of this circulation system. (= summary word). Other examples: phenomenon method (create your own list of summary words while reading) Academic Language Centre
- 7. Linking words and phrases • Coordinating conjunctions link two parts of the sentence in a neutral way, without giving extra emphasis to the logical connection between the ideas (and, or, so, but, etc.) • Subordinating conjunctions link an independent clause with a dependent clause or v.v. (if, since, although, etc.) • Conjunctive adverbs make the logical connection between two complete sentences (however, in fact, finally, etc.) Academic Language Centre
- 8. Paragraph length • Paragraphs should be approximately the same length • The length of a paragraph depends on the total length of the paper Academic Language Centre
- 9. Concluding paragraph: • Organisation is the opposite of the introductory paragraph: specific to general • Relates back to the thesis statement • Summarises the main arguments without repeating phrases and sentences • Offers recommendations, shows the wider relevance or implications • Do tasks 28 and 29 on pp. 154-7 Academic Language Centre