This document provides guidelines for certifying twisted-pair cabling for 10Gb/s Ethernet transmission, which requires testing for alien crosstalk (AXTalk). It outlines a two-phase certification process: 1) in-channel certification to test individual link parameters up to 500MHz, and 2) between-channel certification to measure AXTalk between links. AXTalk is measured using specialized test equipment connecting links as victim and disturber. Links most challenging for compliance, like longest or closest connectors, should be tested first.
Veryx ATTEST range of testing solutions enable NEMs and NSPs reduce the time taken to test with automated test suites in an integrated testing framework providing many tester-friendly features such as flexible DUT control, GUI or CLI-based access, easy debugging and detailed reporting.
Veryx ATTEST range of testing solutions enable NEMs and NSPs reduce the time taken to test with automated test suites in an integrated testing framework providing many tester-friendly features such as flexible DUT control, GUI or CLI-based access, easy debugging and detailed reporting.
Webinar: High Voltage Fiber Optic (HVFO) Probe for Small Signal Floating Meas...teledynelecroy
Join Teledyne LeCroy for this webinar as we provide an overview of the differences between a conventional high-attenuation HV differential probe, a HV isolated oscilloscope input, and the HVFO, along with some real-world measurement examples.
Learn about the Brocade VDX 6730 Converged Switch for IBM. The Brocade VDX 6730 Converged Switch for IBM is a 10 GbE fixed port switch with LAN and native Fibre Channel ports. It supports multiple connectivity options, including classic Top-of-Rack (ToR) server deployments, Ethernet storage connectivity for FCoE, and bridging Fibre Channel SANs and Ethernet LANs. For more information on IBM Storage Systems, visit http://ibm.co/LIg7gk.
Visit the official Scribd Channel of IBM India Smarter Computing at http://bit.ly/VwO86R to get access to more documents.
The goal of the project “An optic’s life” is, to predict the time when an optical transceiver will reach its real end-of-life-time based on the actual setup in the datacenter / colocation.
An alternative to the core/aggregation/access layer network topology has emerged known as leaf-spine. In a leaf-spine architecture, a series of leaf switches form the access layer. These switches are fully meshed to a series of spine switches. One way is to create a Spine and Leaf architecture, also known as a Distributed Core. This architecture has two main components: Spine switches and Leaf switches. Intuition Systems can think of spine switches as the core, but instead of being a large, chassis-based switching platform, the spine is composed of many high-throughput Layer 3 switches with high port density. The mesh ensures that access-layer switches are no more than one hop away from one another, minimizing latency and the likelihood of bottlenecks between access-layer switches. When networking vendors speak of an Ethernet fabric, this is generally the sort of topology they have in mind.
Haven’t we spent the last few decades disaggregating datacenter architecture? And if so, what does disaggregation mean now, is it something different? Strictly speaking, to “disaggregate” means to divide
Where Does Networking Fit In? To gain the full benefits of cloud computing and virtualization and achieve a business agile IT infrastructure, organizations need a reliable, high-performance data center networking infrastructure with built-in investment protection. Several technology inflection points are coming together that are fundamentally changing the way networks are architected, deployed and operated both in the public cloud as well as the private cloud. From performance, to scale, to virtualization support and automation to simplified orchestration, the requirements are rapidly changing and driving new approaches to building data center networks.
With Extreme Networks, IT can manage more with less. Automated intelligence and analytics for compliance, forensics, and traffic patterns translates into reduced help desk calls. Businesses can predict costs and return on investment, and increase employee productivity by securely onboarding BYOD, increasing both customer and employee satisfaction. A constant risk to the network, and ultimately the hospital, are unapproved applications and rogue devices that may appear on the network and either permit unauthorized access or interfere with other devices. A means to monitor all devices and applications that operate across the network is vital. Just as important are the audit and reporting capabilities necessary to report on who, what, where, when, and how patient data is accessed.
What is SDN? What software-defined networking really means has evolved dramatically and now includes automation and virtualization. Hardware is still a critical component in data center networking equipment, but the influence of switch software shouldn’t be overlooked. When everyone began to get excited about SDN a few years ago, we thought of it as only one thing: the separation of network control from network data packet handling. Traditional networks had already started down this path, with the addition of controller cards to manage line cards in scalable chassis-based switches, and with various data center fabric technologies. SDN took the idea to its logical end, removing the need for the controller and the packet handlers to be on the same backplane or even from the same vendor.
Cost. Reducing costs in the data center and contributing to corporate profitability is an increasingly important trend in today’s economic climate. For example, energy costs for the data center are increasing at 12% a year. Moreover, increased application requirements such as 100% availability necessitate additional hardware and services to manage storage and performance thus raising total cost of ownership.
Software Defined Network (SDN) using ASR9000 :: BRKSPG-2722 | San Diego 2015Bruno Teixeira
With the changing paradigm of network programmability using Software Defined Network (SDN), we are seeing new ways for monitoring, scaling and configuring network devices. With new network programability capabilities utilizing NETCONF, OpenFlow, BGP-LS, and PCEP it is vital for network architects and operations engineers to understand how these SDN related technologies can be leveraged to streamline the way we view, design, and operate our networks today. This session introduces these concepts and focuses on the use cases, implementation, and troubleshooting of these technologies on the ASR9000 platform.
Next Generation Campus Switching: Are You ReadyCisco Canada
We will review the latest evolution within the Cisco Catalyst switching product portfolio including the latest Cisco Catalyst 6800 switches and Cisco Instant Access. For more information please visit our website here: http://www.cisco.com/web/CA/index.html
A Whole Lot of Ports: Juniper Networks QFabric System AssessmentJuniper Networks
Juniper Networks commissioned Network Test to assess the performance, interoperability, and usability of its QFabric System, a converged switch fabric for cloud and large data center applications tested with 1,536 10-Gbit/s Ethernet ports.
Even at this unprecedented scale – by far the largest ever in a public switch test – this project loaded the QFabric System to only one-quarter of its maximum capacity of 6,144 10-Gbit/s Ethernet ports.
Using industry-standard RFC benchmarks representing the most rigorous possible test cases, engineers stress-tested QFabric System performance in terms of unicast and multicast throughput and latency with separate events for Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. Engineers also assessed interoperability, a key consideration when adding QFabric technology incrementally into existing data center networks, and evaluated device management.
CisCon 2017 - I problemi di scalabilità delle tradizionali reti IP nei modern...AreaNetworking.it
Al CisCon 2017, Ruben del Monte (Network Consulting Engineer in IT Global Consulting Srl, CCIE #54221) ha tenuto uno speech dal titolo "I problemi di scalabilità delle tradizionali reti IP nei moderni datacenters".
Abstract presente su http://www.ciscon.net/il-programma/
The standards review board of the Institute of Elec
trical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved the
standard for 10 Gigabit/sec Ethernet over twisted
pair copper cabling (10GBASE-T) on June 8, 2006.
This Whitepaper provides an overview of the methods to
measure and certify the performance of the installed
cabling system for compliance with the requirements
of 10GBASE-T, as well as with the draft specifications
of Augmented Cat 6 (Cat 6A) or Augmented Class E (Class EA).
Copper and glass securing the foundation of your 10 gigabit data centersmithponting
How much time and money would you save if you
could assure the performance of your data center’s
10 Gigabit Ethernet network, before you turned
up service? How much confidence would you gain
by knowing the 10 Gigabit cabling was installed
according to standards? This Whitepaper describes
changes 10 Gigabit Ethernet brings to the network
infrastructure and the specific steps you can take
to make your new data center network rock-solid.
Webinar: High Voltage Fiber Optic (HVFO) Probe for Small Signal Floating Meas...teledynelecroy
Join Teledyne LeCroy for this webinar as we provide an overview of the differences between a conventional high-attenuation HV differential probe, a HV isolated oscilloscope input, and the HVFO, along with some real-world measurement examples.
Learn about the Brocade VDX 6730 Converged Switch for IBM. The Brocade VDX 6730 Converged Switch for IBM is a 10 GbE fixed port switch with LAN and native Fibre Channel ports. It supports multiple connectivity options, including classic Top-of-Rack (ToR) server deployments, Ethernet storage connectivity for FCoE, and bridging Fibre Channel SANs and Ethernet LANs. For more information on IBM Storage Systems, visit http://ibm.co/LIg7gk.
Visit the official Scribd Channel of IBM India Smarter Computing at http://bit.ly/VwO86R to get access to more documents.
The goal of the project “An optic’s life” is, to predict the time when an optical transceiver will reach its real end-of-life-time based on the actual setup in the datacenter / colocation.
An alternative to the core/aggregation/access layer network topology has emerged known as leaf-spine. In a leaf-spine architecture, a series of leaf switches form the access layer. These switches are fully meshed to a series of spine switches. One way is to create a Spine and Leaf architecture, also known as a Distributed Core. This architecture has two main components: Spine switches and Leaf switches. Intuition Systems can think of spine switches as the core, but instead of being a large, chassis-based switching platform, the spine is composed of many high-throughput Layer 3 switches with high port density. The mesh ensures that access-layer switches are no more than one hop away from one another, minimizing latency and the likelihood of bottlenecks between access-layer switches. When networking vendors speak of an Ethernet fabric, this is generally the sort of topology they have in mind.
Haven’t we spent the last few decades disaggregating datacenter architecture? And if so, what does disaggregation mean now, is it something different? Strictly speaking, to “disaggregate” means to divide
Where Does Networking Fit In? To gain the full benefits of cloud computing and virtualization and achieve a business agile IT infrastructure, organizations need a reliable, high-performance data center networking infrastructure with built-in investment protection. Several technology inflection points are coming together that are fundamentally changing the way networks are architected, deployed and operated both in the public cloud as well as the private cloud. From performance, to scale, to virtualization support and automation to simplified orchestration, the requirements are rapidly changing and driving new approaches to building data center networks.
With Extreme Networks, IT can manage more with less. Automated intelligence and analytics for compliance, forensics, and traffic patterns translates into reduced help desk calls. Businesses can predict costs and return on investment, and increase employee productivity by securely onboarding BYOD, increasing both customer and employee satisfaction. A constant risk to the network, and ultimately the hospital, are unapproved applications and rogue devices that may appear on the network and either permit unauthorized access or interfere with other devices. A means to monitor all devices and applications that operate across the network is vital. Just as important are the audit and reporting capabilities necessary to report on who, what, where, when, and how patient data is accessed.
What is SDN? What software-defined networking really means has evolved dramatically and now includes automation and virtualization. Hardware is still a critical component in data center networking equipment, but the influence of switch software shouldn’t be overlooked. When everyone began to get excited about SDN a few years ago, we thought of it as only one thing: the separation of network control from network data packet handling. Traditional networks had already started down this path, with the addition of controller cards to manage line cards in scalable chassis-based switches, and with various data center fabric technologies. SDN took the idea to its logical end, removing the need for the controller and the packet handlers to be on the same backplane or even from the same vendor.
Cost. Reducing costs in the data center and contributing to corporate profitability is an increasingly important trend in today’s economic climate. For example, energy costs for the data center are increasing at 12% a year. Moreover, increased application requirements such as 100% availability necessitate additional hardware and services to manage storage and performance thus raising total cost of ownership.
Software Defined Network (SDN) using ASR9000 :: BRKSPG-2722 | San Diego 2015Bruno Teixeira
With the changing paradigm of network programmability using Software Defined Network (SDN), we are seeing new ways for monitoring, scaling and configuring network devices. With new network programability capabilities utilizing NETCONF, OpenFlow, BGP-LS, and PCEP it is vital for network architects and operations engineers to understand how these SDN related technologies can be leveraged to streamline the way we view, design, and operate our networks today. This session introduces these concepts and focuses on the use cases, implementation, and troubleshooting of these technologies on the ASR9000 platform.
Next Generation Campus Switching: Are You ReadyCisco Canada
We will review the latest evolution within the Cisco Catalyst switching product portfolio including the latest Cisco Catalyst 6800 switches and Cisco Instant Access. For more information please visit our website here: http://www.cisco.com/web/CA/index.html
A Whole Lot of Ports: Juniper Networks QFabric System AssessmentJuniper Networks
Juniper Networks commissioned Network Test to assess the performance, interoperability, and usability of its QFabric System, a converged switch fabric for cloud and large data center applications tested with 1,536 10-Gbit/s Ethernet ports.
Even at this unprecedented scale – by far the largest ever in a public switch test – this project loaded the QFabric System to only one-quarter of its maximum capacity of 6,144 10-Gbit/s Ethernet ports.
Using industry-standard RFC benchmarks representing the most rigorous possible test cases, engineers stress-tested QFabric System performance in terms of unicast and multicast throughput and latency with separate events for Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. Engineers also assessed interoperability, a key consideration when adding QFabric technology incrementally into existing data center networks, and evaluated device management.
CisCon 2017 - I problemi di scalabilità delle tradizionali reti IP nei modern...AreaNetworking.it
Al CisCon 2017, Ruben del Monte (Network Consulting Engineer in IT Global Consulting Srl, CCIE #54221) ha tenuto uno speech dal titolo "I problemi di scalabilità delle tradizionali reti IP nei moderni datacenters".
Abstract presente su http://www.ciscon.net/il-programma/
The standards review board of the Institute of Elec
trical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved the
standard for 10 Gigabit/sec Ethernet over twisted
pair copper cabling (10GBASE-T) on June 8, 2006.
This Whitepaper provides an overview of the methods to
measure and certify the performance of the installed
cabling system for compliance with the requirements
of 10GBASE-T, as well as with the draft specifications
of Augmented Cat 6 (Cat 6A) or Augmented Class E (Class EA).
Copper and glass securing the foundation of your 10 gigabit data centersmithponting
How much time and money would you save if you
could assure the performance of your data center’s
10 Gigabit Ethernet network, before you turned
up service? How much confidence would you gain
by knowing the 10 Gigabit cabling was installed
according to standards? This Whitepaper describes
changes 10 Gigabit Ethernet brings to the network
infrastructure and the specific steps you can take
to make your new data center network rock-solid.
Fluke Networks’ DTX Patch Cord Test Adapter Series gives you
a simple, cost-effective way to quickly verify whether a patch
cord meets industry performance specifications.
Category 6 Patch Cord Performance
Sterling Vaden, VP of Research & Engineering, Optical Cable Corporation
OCC 100% performance tests all Cat6 and Cat6A patch cords using our own industry standard patch cord test adapters and our own industry standard test fixtures - because OCC (SMP) was involved in the creation of the standards and the test adaptors used.
The EIA/TIA-568-A Common for Cat5 data cabling defines the limitations, both throughout rates and cabling measurement. Newer cable, such as Category 6, is capable of doing much higher speeds, but it surely also costs more as compared to Cat5.
How do I choose the right cable for my installationrobgross144
Structured cabling standards specify generic installation and design topologies that are characterized by a
“category” or “class” of transmission performance. These cabling standards are subsequently
referenced in applications standards, developed by committees such as IEEE and ATM, as a minimum level of
performance necessary to ensure application operation. There are many advantages to be realized by
specifying standards-compliant structured cabling. These include the assurance of applications operation, the
flexibility of cable and connectivity choices that are backward compatible and interoperable, and a structured
cabling design and topology that is universally recognized by cabling professionals responsible for
managing cabling additions, upgrades, and changes.
The Ethernet physical layer is the physical layer component of the Ethernet standard.
The Ethernet physical layer evolved over a considerable time span and encompasses quite a few physical media interfaces and several magnitudes of speed. The speed ranges from 1 Mbit/s to 100 Gbit/s in speed while the physical medium can range from bulky coaxial cable to twisted pair to optical fiber. In general, network protocol stack software will work similarly on all of the following types.
10 Gigabit Ethernet is becoming more popular in both enterprise and carrier networks, with 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s Ethernet now ratified. Higher speeds are under development. Metcalfe now believes commercial applications using terabit Ethernet may occur by 2015 though he says existing Ethernet standards may have to be overthrown to reach terabit Ethernet.ThesisScientist.com
Recently Cat 8 cables has been frequently talked about, especially after the TIA category 8 cabling standard approved. Here is what we need to know about the basics of Cat 8 cabling.
Pinpoint the leading causes of downtime with LinkIQ Cable and Network TesterTranscat
The network is down and you’ll likely have to take it apart, only to find out that the source of the problem is a cabling issue. Since 40% of downtime is caused by issues such as bad connectors, broken cables, and excessive cable length, this new tester is a simple way to quickly identify the source of network downtime and quickly get your systems up and running.
With the requirements placed on data center increasing rapidly, the ability to flexibly adapt to future demands is tremendously crucial for data center managers. Copper cabling has developed itself to cope with the fierce competition fo telecom field, if you are interested, you should take a look at this PDF.
ISO/IEC 14763-3 edition 2 was published in 2014. This standard supports the implementation and operation of customer premises cabling by specifying systems and methods for inspecting and testing optical fiber cabling. In 2015, a corrigendum was published. Currently, an amendment is under review to make further corrections. Also, a supplement to the amendment was added.
The corrigendum made changes to connecting hardware attenuation values and modified the equations for test limits. The amendment made corrections to end face inspection, test methods, and uncertainty. The supplement to the amendment fixed errors within the uncertainties. Details of the changes are described herein.
Cable testing 101 how to read the link ware™ pc reportsmithponting
The section just below the blue area on your report shows the wire map test and a boxed-out area with critical values for the cable under test. These include the length (displayed in feet or meters depending on what the user selected), propagation delay, delay skew, resistance and insertion loss margin.
The detail of the insertion loss margin can be seen in the insertion loss graph to the right, and it includes the margin based on the worst pair, at what frequency and the test limit for that frequency.
Standards update the four a’s of harmonizationsmithponting
When TIA adopts an IEC standard, or vice versa, it quite literally means that they take on and follow the standard. For example, TIA adopted the IEC 61280-4-1 multimode fiber optic testing standards as TIA-526-14-C. Because TIA has an outdated singlemode fiber optic testing standard, they are also considering the adoption of IEC 61280-4-2. If they do, it will be published as TIA-526-7.
Standard update 25 gbase t joins the party!smithponting
Since the development of 40GBASE-T (IEEE 802.3bq) began a few years ago, most of us believed that the next Ethernet data center speed for twisted-pair copper cabling beyond 10 Gb/s would be 40 Gb/s.
But in November 2014, IEEE 802.3 put out a call for interest on 25GBASE-T, driven by the likes of Cisco, Microsoft and Intel who recognized 25 Gb/s as a more efficient, cost-effective option for switch-to-server speeds in cloud-based data centers. Hence the 25GBASE-T IEEE study group was formed.
Standard update 25 gbase t joins the party!smithponting
With representatives from 25 companies overwhelmingly pledging support for the formation of the 25GBASE-T study group, the likes of Microsoft, Cisco and Intel driving the party bus, and a demonstrated broad market potential, 25GBASE-T is definitely a welcomed partygoer.
Why is 25GBASE-T considered a more cost-effective step in the migration to 40GBASE-T? Not only does it support the backwards compatibility of BASE-T technology and enable equipment vendors to limit the power per port to under 3W, it can also leverage existing transceiver technology to establish a fixed migration path to 40GBASE-T over the same 30-meter channel.
Benefits of fiber optic and passive optical lan testsmithponting
Passive optical LANs are a point-to-multipoint fiber architecture that use passive optical splitters to divide the signal from one singlemode fiber into multiple fiber signals. The signals are transmitted simultaneously in both directions over separate wavelengths using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology—1310nm for upstream data and 1490nm for downstream data.
By increasing the level of noise within the channel, alien crosstalk decreases signal-to-noise ratio and degrades the bandwidth capabilities of the cable, potentially preventing the cable from supporting 10 Gig transmission. This is precisely why standards bodies like TIA and BICSI, as well as most cable manufacturers, recommend letting cables have a “natural lay” in pathways and conduit. But even with this recommendation, there are still some customers that require cables to be combined in neat bundles. There are even tools available for quickly and efficiently straightening, combing and organizing cables into multiple bundles with ease.
Beat the heat with versiv™ cool featuressmithponting
San Diego hit its highest ever recorded temperature this summer, the Southwest experienced what meteorologists have dubbed the “great 2017 heat wave,” and even New Jersey’s Newark airport broke its 1973 record with a sweltering 97 degrees. Unfortunately, experts predict that the expanse of hotter-than-average temperatures will continue to grow in August—from the West coast through the Plains and into parts of the Midwest and Southeast.
By now you’ve probably heard of 8-fiber MPO plug and play solutions available on the market, which are ideal for Gigabit (40GBASE-SR4) and 100 Gigabit (100GBASESR4) applications that use 8 fibers with 4 transmitting and 4 receiving at either 10 or 25 Gb/s. Unlike 12-fiber MPO solutions where 4 of the 12 fibers go unused, 8-fiber MPO solutions offer 100% fiber utilization in these applications. But did you know that when looking ahead to future fiber applications, 8-fiber MPO solutions continue to make the most sense? That’s because all future duplex, parallel optic and WDM-based fiber applications are divisible by either 2 or 8 fibers – not 12.
A closer look at 40 gig duplex multimode applicationssmithponting
There’s been a lot of talk in the industry surrounding solutions capable of running 40 Gig Ethernet over duplex multimode fiber—especially with OM5 wideband multimode fiber (WBMMF) now recognized within industry standards that specifies wavelengths between 840 and 953 nanometers to support wave division multiplexing (WDM).
How high speed fiber applications is impacting the networking arenasmithponting
In last week’s blog, we took a Closer Look at 40 Gig Duplex Multimode Applications, just one of the many ways that today’s data centers are cost-effectively achieving increased bandwidth in switch-to-switch fiber links. And when we say many ways, we literally mean many.
If you take a look at network application standards for balanced twisted-pair cable, there’s not that many to be concerned with. Sure, we had a methodical shift from 10BASE-T, to 100BASE-T, to 1000BASE-T, to 10GBASE-T that then jumped back to 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T to accommodate new technologies over the installed base and then forward again to the upcoming 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T standards, but all of this is nothing compared to fiber. And unlike fiber, there are few, if any, non-standard ways of deploying copper cabling.
Alien crosstalk is a relatively new measurement that’s widely misunderstood. I’m often asked why it’s an important measurement and if it’s required to be measured by the standards. Also misunderstood is the sampling criteria for alien crosstalk measurements, which are applied so that not all links have to be tested?
A closer look at 40 gig duplex multimode applicationssmithponting
There’s been a lot of talk in the industry surrounding solutions capable of running 40 Gig Ethernet over duplex multimode fiber—especially with OM5 wideband multimode fiber (WBMMF) now recognized within industry standards that specifies wavelengths between 840 and 953 nanometers to support wave division multiplexing (WDM).
Six reasons certification is essential white papersmithponting
Economic turmoil is shining a bright light on the
value of services used by IT departments. Among
them are the services used to deploy and maintain
enterprise network infrastructure. Infrastructure
includes copper and fiber cabling, and it is the
foundation of the network. This white paper identifies the
specific benefits afforded by cable certification and
how much it pays back to the network owner.
Certification vs. qualification a closer looksmithponting
Used primarily by commercial contactors and network technicians, certification testing determines if a link is compliant with a specific category or Class of cable as determined by well-defined parameters outlined in ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 or ISO/IEC standard 11801 (ed. 2). For instance, certification testing will determine if your link is compliant with Category 6 or Class EA standards.
101 series understanding copper cabling’s balancing actsmithponting
You have likely heard copper network cabling referred to as balanced twisted-pair copper cabling, and maybe you’ve heard of the testing parameter referred to as DC resistance unbalance. But what does all this balance-related terminology really mean, and why should you care?
Multimode launch conditions have a
significant effect on the loss measurement
uncertainty.Encircled Flux (EF) is the final piece in the
puzzle to reducing measurement uncertainty
in the field.It is a “new” definition of modal launch
conditions of a light source.This definition is more stringent than previous
definitions such as MPD or CPR
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
1. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10
Gb/s Ethernet and Testing guidelines for Alien Crosstalk
(AXTalk)
14-09-2017 1www.flukenetworks.com| 2006-2017 Fluke Corporation
2. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
14-09-2017 2
The standards review board of the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved
the standard for 10 Gigabit/sec Ethernet over
twisted-pair copper cabling (10GBASE-T) on June 8,
2006. This paper provides an overview of the
methods to measure and certify the performance of
the installed cabling system for compliance with the
requirements of 10GBASE-T, as well as with the draft
specifications of Augmented Cat 6 (Cat 6A) or
Augmented Class E (Class EA).
www.flukenetworks.com| 2006-2017 Fluke Corporation
• How to certify or re-certify twisted-pair cabling
for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
• Cabling certification procedure
• Definition of Alien Crosstalk
• Alien Crosstalk measurement method
• Alien Crosstalk test equipment
• Alien Crosstalk sampling guidelines
• Evaluation of Alien Crosstalk results for
10GBASE-T
• Overall test time
• Conclusion
Table of contents
3. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
14-09-2017 3
The applicable standards
The IEEE project 802.3an document addresses the cabling performance requirements for
10GBASE-T. The test methods described in this article fully implement and comply with the published
10GBASE-T testing requirements.
The cabling industry will create two different standards. The Telecommunications Industry
Association (TIA) is currently preparing the release of a “Telecommunication Systems Bulletin” (TSB)
referred to as TIA TSB-155. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is in the process of
developing a “Technical Recommendation” (TR 24750) that parallels the content of TIA TSB-155. The
channel specifications in these documents are identical to the requirements established in the IEEE
standard. TIA TSB155 and TR 24750 will also include test specifications for the “permanent link” model.
The latter documents are to be viewed as additional specification for Cat 6 links to certify compliance for
the 10GBASE-T deployment. Length restriction will apply for Cat 6 links when transmitting 10GBASE-T.
Although an initial channel limit of 55 m (180 feet) had been discussed, all Cat 6 bundles should be
evaluated for compliance as discussed in this paper. Only after these tests pass – compliance has been
verified – do you have the assurance that the installed cabling can support 10GBASE-T.
www.flukenetworks.com| 2006-2017 Fluke Corporation
4. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
14-09-2017 4www.flukenetworks.com| 2006-2017 Fluke Corporation
The TIA is currently studying and preparing the specifications for a new cabling type called
“Augmented Cat 6,” abbreviated as Cat 6A. This standard is planned to be published as Appendix 10 to the
TIA/EIA-568-B.2standard (TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10). As mentioned, this development is under way and it currently
in draft 4. The ISO standards committees are undertaking a similar effort for the publication of the
“Augmented Class E” standard (abbreviated as Class EA).
These “augmented” cabling types (Cat 6A and Class EA) are being defined and developed to deliver
better AXTalk performance than Cat 6 or Class E with the goal that a well-installed horizontal channel of 100
m constructed with augmented cabling components meets the AXTalk specifications and supports
10GBASE-T traffic. Note that the specifications for a new cabling type like Cat 6A require that performance
requirements be defined for cable, connecting hardware and patch cords. The performance limits (Pass/Fail
conditions) for the “channel” are defined at this time and may only need some adjustments for special cases.
Many more specifications need to be resolved and defined to complete this standard. We expect this effort
may require several more months and is not expected to be “completed” until the middle of 2007.
A new “augmented” cabling system
5. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
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First step – in-channel certification
The first step or test phase always requires that 100% of the links designated to transmit 10GBASE-T
traffic must be tested against the in-channel test performance specifications and all links must pass. The in-
channel parameters refer to the test parameters of and between wire pairs within a cabling link. Field
certification up to the advent of 10GBASE-T only included in-channel test parameters. These parameters
remain the same as currently specified in the TIA/EIA-568-B document for Cat 5e/Cat 6 or in the ISO 11801
standard for Class D, E and F. They are insertion loss, return loss, pair-to-pair NEXT, Power Sum NEXT, pair-to-
pair ELFEXT, Power Sum ELFEXT, propagation delay, length, delay skew and wiremap. The 10GBASE-T test
limits for these in-channel parameters are identical to the limits for Cat 6 up to 250 MHz. But, the frequency
range and performance specifications for these tests is extended to 500 MHz in order to support the much
higher bandwidth required for the 10 Gb/s Ethernet signaling rate.
Cabling certification procedure
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The performance limits or Pass/Fail limits for Cat 6A or Class EA are more demanding between 250 MHz and
500 MHz than the limits specified for 10GBASE-T.
You can perform the in-channel certification with your DTX-1800 as is. Be sure to update the tester
to the latest software revision and select the proper test standard. If you are testing the cabling links as
channels (end-to-end cabling with the network patch cables attached and in place), you can either choose
the 10GBASE-T “application” standard or the TIA TSB-155 channel test. These two options are identical. You
can also choose to perform the in-channel tests for the installed cabling using the permanent link model and
select the TSB-155 permanent link test in your DTX1800.
The specifications for the current draft standards for Cat 6A and Class EA are also included in the
DTX-1800 standards library. Augmented cabling types may be tested as channels (with the network patch
cords in place) or as permanent links.
Cabling certification procedure
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The performance limits or Pass/Fail limits for Cat 6A or Class EA are more demanding between 250 MHz and
500 MHz than the limits specified for 10GBASE-T.
You can perform the in-channel certification with your DTX-1800 as is. Be sure to update the tester
to the latest software revision and select the proper test standard. If you are testing the cabling links as
channels (end-to-end cabling with the network patch cables attached and in place), you can either choose
the 10GBASE-T “application” standard or the TIA TSB-155 channel test. These two options are identical. You
can also choose to perform the in-channel tests for the installed cabling using the permanent link model and
select the TSB-155 permanent link test in your DTX1800.
The specifications for the current draft standards for Cat 6A and Class EA are also included in the
DTX-1800 standards library. Augmented cabling types may be tested as channels (with the network patch
cords in place) or as permanent links.
Cabling certification procedure
8. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
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The second phase – between-channel certification
In the second test phase, we will evaluate the Alien Crosstalk
(AXTalk) performance of the installed Cat 6 cabling installation. First, we
will review exactly what is Alien Crosstalk and how it is measured.
Definition of Alien Crosstalk
Crosstalk takes place between wire pairs in one cable (wire pairs
wrapped in the same sheath) and is measured by the in-channel test
parameters NEXT and FEXT. AXTalk is the exact same phenomenon, but
the crosstalk coupling now occurs between wire pairs in different cabling
links routed in proximity to each other for part or for all of their length.
AXTalk is a challenge for twisted-pair cabling as it is the most
significant disturbance or noise source for the 10 GbE applications. Figure
1 shows how Crosstalk can be induced in a wire pair by wire pairs in
adjacent cables.
Cabling certification procedure
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AXTalk will be measured as Alien NEXT (ANEXT) between wire pairs as well as Alien FEXT (AFEXT). During
full network operation, all wire pairs in a cabling bundle simultaneously transmit in full duplex (signals flow
in both directions on each wire pair). Therefore, any one wire pair will be affected by transmissions on
numerous wire pairs surrounding it in a cabling bundle or pathway.
Since the combined impact of many wire pairs in the bundle upon the wire pair under test
(referred to as the disturbed wire pair) must be assessed, Power Sum Alien NEXT (PSANEXT) and Power
Sum Alien ELFEXT (PSAELFEXT) must be computed and evaluated for the wire pair under test. In the TIA and
ISO standards the test parameter PSAELFEXT has been named PS AARC-F (Power Sum Alien Attenuation to
Crosstalk Ratio – Far end). To simplify the standards terminology of disturbed link or disturbed wire pair
and disturber link or wire pair, we will use the words victim and disturber rather than disturbed and
disturber.
Cabling certification procedure
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The measurement method describes the hardware and software configuration of the test tools to
measure the crosstalk between wire pairs in adjacent cables.
To measure Alien NEXT, the main and remote tester units are to be connected to different cables as
depicted in Figure 2. A special Communication Module plugs into the back of the Fluke Networks DTX-1800
units in the same place where a fiber optic loss test module such as the DTX-MFM2can be inserted. After
each unit has been equipped with an AXTalk Module, a standard patch cord may be used to connect these
two modules and complete the linkage required for the measurement synchronization. The far ends of the
cabling links-under-test are now not connected to a tester unit. An open circuit at the end of a link creates
a very significant reflection of the test signals. A special termination plug must be installed at the end of
these two links to avoid reflections from the far end, which would interfere with the measurement process
and jeopardize its accuracy. All the possible wire pair combinations for NEXT between two cabling links
count sixteen 16 combinations and are to be measured and evaluated over the frequency range from 1
through 500 MHz.
Alien Crosstalk measurement method
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The connections of the testers to measure the pair-to-pair Alien FEXT between cables in a bundle.
The two tester units are now connected to the victim and disturber links, but at different ends of the
bundle. The tester units must be configured with the same AXTalk Communication Modules we described
above to make Alien NEXT measurements. A spare cabling link or a link that is not used in the
measurements can be used to provide the synchronization path between the main and remote tester units.
The open ends of the links involved in the test must be terminated by the same type of plug as used for
Alien NEXT testing. A “spare” link should be readily available when testing Alien FEXT between cables that
run in one bundle from one rack to another. This is not the case when testing Alien FEXT between two
horizontal links that are terminated in a face plate in a work area.
An alternate method to connect the testers for the Alien FEXT measurement. In this configuration,
the Crosstalk Communication Modules provide the termination for the cabling links under tests. As the
figure depicts, these modules use the victim link and the disturber to maintain communication and
synchronization. The DTX test units always verify that each link is properly terminated before conducting
the AXTalk tests. Using the configuration shown in Figure 4, this verification takes about 8 or 9 seconds
longer than in the case a separate link is available.
Alien Crosstalk measurement method
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To perform the AXTalk measurements, the DTX-1800 main unit must be connected to a (laptop)
computer using the USB connection. The AxTALK Analyzer™ software running in the computer controls the
DTX-1800 testers, imports the pair-to-pair ANEXT or pair-to-pair AFEXT measurement results data and
calculates in real time the power sum test results for each wire pair in the disturbed link or the link-under-
test. As the crosstalk effects of wire pairs in additional disturber links are measured, the AxTALK Analyzer
software automatically adds and displays their effect by calculating the power sum AXTalk test result for all
the disturbers included in the test so far on each victim wire pair.
The methods for Alien NEXT (ANEXT) and Alien FEXT (AFEXT) described above have been used in
the field with very good results. A very significant performance parameter of the tester is the measurement
(noise) floor which allows the tester to measure the small pair-to-pair AXTalk signals very accurately. Fluke
Networks developed and markets an accessory kit called DTX-10GKIT that contains the special hardware
accessories described in this section to perform the AXTalk measurements. This kit also contains the
AxTALK Analyzer software that runs on a Windows-based personal computer.
Alien Crosstalk test equipment
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Practical field test results have proven that AXTalk between cables in different bundles or pathways
is non-existent or negligible. The AXTalk test methods must be applied to cabling links that are bundled
together. To properly test any one “disturbed” or victim link, all of the links that belong to the same bundle
as the victim link must be included in the test procedure as disturber links.
A practical test strategy for AXTalk compliance consists of testing installed links that present a
greater challenge to comply and therefore present the highest probability of failing. Compliance with
10GBASE-T requirements will be most difficult for the longest links. Compliance with the newly developed
Augmented Cat 6 (Cat 6A) or Augmented Class E (Class EA) cabling standard will be most challenging for the
longer cabling links and for shorter links in which the distance between connectors is smallest. First select
and test these most challenging links. All of the less challenging links will perform better and will very likely
pass and pass with better margins. Recall that the workmanship of the links in the cabling plant has already
been assured by the “in-channel” tests executed to 500 MHz.
Alien Crosstalk sampling guidelines
14. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
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1. A limited number of links must be certified to support 10GBASE-T traffic
If only a few links in the data center are singled out to carry 10GBASE-T traffic, you can perform the
AXTalk tests for those few links. The following cabling links should be included as disturbers in each of these
tests:
a. All the links in the same bundle as the selected link
b. Links terminated in adjacent positions in the patch panel
If you plan a limited number of links for 10GBASE-T deployment, testing and maintenance of the
cabling plant can be simplified by bundling these links together. The longest link in the bundle must be
selected as the victim link (the link you are thoroughly evaluating) and 10% of the cables in such a bundle
should be selected as victim links. For example, in a bundle of 12links, you should select one victim link; in a
bundle of 48, you should select 5 victim links.
Fluke Networks has developed a test strategy for two distinct scenarios
15. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
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2. Testing a complete cabling (sub)system
When you are planning to certify a cabling system for 10GBASE-T compliance or you are certifying
a Cat 6A or Class EA installation:
a. The number of links to be tested as “victim” links is 1% of the total number of links in the cabling
installation, or five links, whichever is greater.
b. The victim links should be tested from the cross-connect (interconnect) patch panel location
(telecom room). Testing from the remote end is performed when the cabling runs from patch panel to
patch panel which is a more typical case in a data center. A measurement from the remote end counts as
another test per Step a.
c. Since the AXTalk requirements increase as the cable gets longer, the longest links in a cabling
installation should be selected as “victim” links. If several links measure approximately the same length,
select the victim links such that as many bundles as practical are covered. For every 10 meter reduction in
link length, the overall AXTalk margin tends to improve between 1.5 dB and 2.5 dB. Therefore, if the AXTalk
average margin has reached 5 dB, testing of shorter victim links should not be necessary, provided the link
configurations and components used are of the same quality.
Fluke Networks has developed a test strategy for two distinct scenarios
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2. Testing a complete cabling (sub)system
d. Selection of the victim links in the installation. This is most easily done in advance when the test
results from Phase 1 are imported and organized in the LinkWare test results management program on
your computer. The LinkWare program has been structured to list cables by bundle or by rack. When the
technicians open the LinkWare project file containing the test results data from Phase 1, they can select the
subfolder with the tests results for cables that belong to a bundle or a panel. The process of identifying and
selecting the right victim and disturbers in the AxTALK Analyzer™ software will be simple, save time and
avoid meaningless tests (wasted time). Of course, if LinkWare contains tests results organized by rack or
panel, the technicians must have the documentation on site that shows the bundling of the cabling links.
Fluke Networks has developed a test strategy for two distinct scenarios
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The IEEE802.3an standard on 10GBASE-T has three sets of requirements, all of which depend on the
insertion loss of the disturbed and disturbing links.
1. Power Sum Alien NEXT (PS ANEXT) is measured over the full frequency range from 1
through 500 MHz. The results for each wire pair are evaluated against a Pass/Fail limit line. The
average PS ANEXT of all four pairs in the disturbed link is calculated as well. The average result is
compared to a separate limit line.
2. Power Sum Attenuation to Alien Crosstalk Ratio – Far End (PS AACR-F) is the difference
between the measured Power Sum Alien FEXT and the insertion loss (attenuation) of the
corresponding wire pair in the disturbed (victim) link. In the current IEEE 803.3an standard and in
previous drafts of TR 24750 and TSB-155, PSAACR-F is called PSAELFEXT. This parameter must be
measured/calculated for each wire pair in the disturbed (victim) link over the full frequency. The
average value of the four pairs in the disturbed link is calculated and compared to the Pass/Fail
limit line for the average.
3. AXTalk Margin Calculation (ACMC) is a combined PS ANEXT and PS AFEXT average margin.
This average margin is a single number for each pair and, once more, a single number for the
average of the four pairs; and each of the 5 ACMC results for one victim link must be greater than
0 dB.
Evaluation of Alien Crosstalk results for 10GBASE-T
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All the computations from pair-to-pair Alien NEXT and Alien FEXT measurements, and previously
obtained insertion loss (attenuation) measurements (phase 1 of the test procedure) are rather complex.
The DTX AxTALK Analyzer software implements all these rules in full compliance with the standards. It is
important to note that as a minimum, the requirement for ACMC (see point 3 above) must be met for
10GBASE-T compliance with AXTalk specifications. It is perfectly acceptable, as defined in the IEEE
802.3an standard, to have one or more failing results for PS ANEXT and/or for PS AACR-F as long as all 5
ACMC values are greater than 0 dB. In practice, ACMC will often pass when either PS ANEXT or PSAACR-F
fail with a relatively small margin (a few dB).
The ACMC rule does not apply when testing a Cat 6A or a Class EA cabling system. Only the
Pass/Fail criteria described in 1 and 2above apply for these new cabling systems and the Pass/Fail limit
lines are more demanding than those defined in the IEEE 10GBASe-T standard.
Evaluation of Alien Crosstalk results for 10GBASE-T
19. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
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Applying the test procedures outlined above, we can estimate a total test time to certify a few
links or a cabling installation for compliance with the 10GBASE-T requirements.
The DTX-1800 is the fastest field test tool in the market. A Cat 6 Autotest executes in 9 seconds.
When performing the in-channel test for the 10 GbE application to 500 MHz, the test time increases
because of the extended frequency range; the Autotest over the full frequency range from 1 through 500
MHz executes in 22seconds to fully conform to the 10GBASE-T, TIA and ISO standards. These standards
specify the frequency range, as well as the maximum allowable frequency step size between consecutive
measurements.
First, we estimate that the total time to certify (TTC) the in-channel parameters for each link is 40
seconds. This time includes the following components:
1. Autotest time for in-channel certification of a link: 22sec
2. Time to save the test results data: 2sec
3. Time to move from channel to channel in the data center: 16 sec
Overall test time
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Let us now examine the total time to
certify for Alien Crosstalk compliance
(between-channel performance). The total test
time for PS ANEXT per link combination (effect
of one disturber on the victim link) is
estimated to be 45 seconds. We arrive at this
number by adding the actual test time per link
combination (25 seconds), and 20 seconds to
move connections to the next disturber cable
in the bundle.
Overall test time
Number of links to be certfied for 10GBASE-T
Phase 1“In-Channel” test time Phase 2
“Between-Channel” test time
min:sec Bundle size (*) min:sec min:sec hrs:min
5 3:20 12 18:30 21:50 0:22
3:20 24 73 76:20 1:16
12 8 12 18:30 26:30 0:27
8 24 73 81 1:21
24 16 12 18:30 34:30 0:35
16 24 73 89 1:29
48 32 12 66:40 98:40 1:39
32 24 126:40 158:40 2:39
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You will need the same amount of time to make the PS AFEXT measurements for the victim cable
and the total time to certify one link for AXTalk performance includes some time to switch the
measurement setup from Alien NEXT to Alien FEXT.
The test times in Table 1 reflect the assumption that in a bundle of 12links, one victim needs to
be tested; in a bundle of 24 links, two victim links are tested. From a testing perspective, if a limited
number of links are to be re-certified for 10 GbE deployments, it is advantageous to keep those links
bundled together. Furthermore, as the data in Table 1 shows, smaller bundles save time; smaller bundles
typically provide better test results.
We also provided the sampling scenario in which a full cabling system or subsystem needs to be
re-certified for compliance with the 10GBASE-T standard. We will use the same basic test time
assumptions as stated above. Table 2shows the total time to certify based on the sampling rules we
proposed earlier. We assume, in this table, that as much as possible the victim links have been selected
out of different bundles or pathways.
Overall test time
22. How to Certify or Re-certify Twisted-Pair Cabling for 10 Gb/s Ethernet
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The 10 Gb/s Ethernet standard (10GBASE-T) has been approved and is released. It is important to
note that carefully installed Cat 6 or Class E cabling systems may well meet the transmission requirements
to support 10GBASE-T with limitations for the channel length. Fluke Networks’ DTX-1800 CableAnalyzer
allows the user to verify the performance of the link parameters (in-channel test parameters). In addition,
the 10GBASE-T standard specifies that the coupling between cables in the same bundle or pathway needs
to be measured and evaluated (between-channel test parameters or AXTalk certification).
Fluke Networks introduced an accessory kit for the DTX-1800 – the DTX-10GKIT – that provides
the test solution to measure and evaluate the AXTalk performance of installed cabling. AXTalk does not
require a 100% test of all possible link interactions. The test procedure may be limited to links that are
bundled together. This paper covers a recommended sampling procedure to select and test links such
that a very high degree of confidence is established that the cabling plant complies with the AXTalk
performance parameters.
The same equipment and sampling procedures cover the field certification of new cabling
installations constructed with the augmented cabling types.
Conclusion