The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa below the occipital lobe. It plays an important role in motor control and coordination through its connections with other parts of the brain and spinal cord. Damage to the cerebellum can cause various motor dysfunctions including loss of balance, incoordination of movements, and intention tremor. The specific symptoms depend on which parts of the cerebellum are affected.
the fibers present in the cerebellar peduncles
the applied anatomy of the cerebellum
the microscopic structure of the cerebellum, mossy, and climbing fibers
cerebrum, sulci and gyri of cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, frontal lobe , parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, sulci and gyri presnet in each lobes, and the functional areas , of cerebrum, brodmann areas of cerebrum, borders and surfaces of cerebrum, insula,
the fibers present in the cerebellar peduncles
the applied anatomy of the cerebellum
the microscopic structure of the cerebellum, mossy, and climbing fibers
cerebrum, sulci and gyri of cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, frontal lobe , parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe, sulci and gyri presnet in each lobes, and the functional areas , of cerebrum, brodmann areas of cerebrum, borders and surfaces of cerebrum, insula,
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. Latin for "little brain“:
dorsal part of hindbrain:
Rhombencephalon
Plays an important role in
motor control: ipsilateral
control on body
Posterior cranial fossa:
cerebellar fossa of
squamous part of
occipital bone
3. Below occipital lobe
of cerebrum
separated by
tentorium cerebelli
Anteriorly related to
dorsal surface of
pons and medulla
separated by 4th
ventricle
4. Two lateral halves-
hemispheres
Intermediate part-
Vermis (Worm in
appearance)
Superior and Inferior
surfaces
Anterosuperior aspect:
Notch: Superior
Cerebellar notch
Posteroinferior aspect:
Notch: Posterior
cerebellar notch
related to Falx
Cerebelli
5. Area of Vermis:
Superior vermis
Midline ridge
Narrow and shallow
linear depressions-
Fissures: Primary,
Horizontal,
Posterolateral: V or U
shaped presents folia
3 lobes: Anterior,
Posterior,
Flocculonodular
Lobes
6.
7. Anterior and Middle
Lobes: Fissure ant
1/3 and posterior
2/3: Primary
fissure/Fissura prima
Anteroinferior part
cut off by another
primary fissure:
Posterolateral
Fissure/ Sulcus
Part anterior:
Flocculonodular Lobe
8. Depression where
inferior vermis
lodged: Vallecula
Superior and
inferior halves of
middle lobe
separated by
Horizontal fissure
9. Lingula- No lateral
extension
Central Lobule- Ala
Culmen- Anterior
Quadrangular
Lobule
13. Compact masses of Gray
matter in core of white
matter
4 : either side of midline
Lateral to Medial:
Dentate: lateral and
largest, Emboliform: oval
, Globose: round,
Fastigial: in white core of
vermis
Emboliformis and
Globosus known as
Nucleus Interpositus
15. Paleocerebellum:
Central Lobule and
Ala, Culmen and
Anterior
Quadrangular Lobule,
Pyramid, Uvula,
Nucleus Interpositus
Spinocerebellar fibers
Maintains muscle tone
and posture
Lower vertebrates with
limbs: Birds and
Reptiles
16. Neocerebellum:
Development of CNS:
Telencephalization
Middle/Posterior lobe
except Pyramid and
Uvula
Dentate Nucleus
Corticopontocerebellar
path
Coordination of
voluntary
movements- smooth
and skilled
17.
18. Cut section shows
arrangement of
white matter in
vermis and
hemispheres
looking like trunk
and branches of a
tree known as
Arbor Vitae
Cerebelli
19. Superior, Middle,
Inferior Cerebellar
Peduncles
connecting
Midbrain, Pons,
Medulla with
cerebellum:
Cerebellopetal and
Cerebellofugal
fibers
23. Afferent Fibers: Enter
Through Middle and
Inferior Cerebellar
Peduncles
Efferent Fibers: Leave
Through Superior
and Inferior
Cerebellar Peduncles
Intrinsic Fibers: Exit
within Cerebellum
24. 3 arteries
Superior Cerebellar Artery
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar
Artery
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
Artery
Superior Cerebellar Artery to
Cerebellar cortex, Nuclei and
Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar
Artery to anterior portion of
inferior cerebellum and Middle
Cerebellar peduncles and Facial
and Vestibulocochlear nerves
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
Artery to posterior inferior
portion of cerebellum, Inferior
Cerebellar Peduncle, nucleus
ambiguus, vagus, motor
nucleus,
spinal trigeminal nucleus,
solitary nucleus and
vestibulocochlear nuclei.
25. Ipsilateral control of
body
Lesion of one half
of cerebellum :
clinical effect on
same half of body
Maintains
equilibrium of
body/balance
Muscle tone and
body posture
Smooth
coordination
Skilled movements
26. Congenital: Hypoplasia or Dysgenesis
Traumatic
Ischaemic: Thrombosis of any cerebellar
arteries
Degenerative: Multiple Sclerosis
Neoplastic: Medulloblastoma and other
Expanding tumors
27. Lesion of
cerebellum due to
any cause
Motor Dysfunction
without motor
paralysis
Archicerebellar
Syndrome
Neocerebellar
Syndrome
Neocerebellar
Syndrome presents
signs due to lesions
of both
paleocerebellum
and neocerebellum
28. Lesion of
Archicerebellum:
Flocculonodular lobe
and Lingula
Vermis Syndrome
Common cause:
medulloblastoma of
children
Disorders in
equilibrium: Motor
dysfunctions
Unsteadiness in
balance: Positive
Romberg’s Sign
Unsteadiness in Gait:
gait is style or pattern
of walking
Sway from side to
side- Staggering Gait
Unsteady Trunk of
body: Unable to keep
head erect moving
forwards and
backwards-
medulloblastoma in
children
29. Combined effects of
lesions due to paleo
and neocerebellum
Impaired functions of
paleocerebellum:
Hypotonia- Loss of
resilience of muscle,
early fatigue –
Asthenia
Excessive movement
of terminal joints due
to loss of influence of
cerebellum on stretch
reflex
Postural defect: Head
rotated and flexed,
shoulder on a lower
level on affected side
Pendulous knee jerk:
Loss of stretch
reflex, series of
pendulous flexion
and extension
movement of knee
joint while knee jerk
elicited……
30. Impaired functions
of neocerebellum:
Incoordination or
asynergy of smooth
and precise
voluntary
movement:
Cerebellar Ataxia
Intention Tremor:
Abnormal
Repetitive,
Oscillatory
movement affecting
distal part of limbs-
hands and fingers:
picking up an
object, buttoning
clothes
31. Dysmetria: Finger
Nose test target:
Pastpointing
Loss of
harmonization of
groups of muscles:
Decomposition of
movements
Dysdiadochokinesia
: Incoordination
between functions
of antagonistic
muscles: Repeated
pronation and
supination
presents with slow ,
jerky incoordinated
manner
32. Dysarthria: Disorder in
articulation of speech
due to incoordination
of muscles of larynx,
tongue and lips:
Slurred speech
Nystagmus:
Incoordination of
movement of
extraocular muscles
Rhythmical oscillation
of eyeball while fixing
the gaze for an object
for long, Horizontal
side to side movement:
sudden jerk in eyeball
at the end of
movement when gaze
returned back