Cerebellum
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The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa behind the pons and medulla. It makes up only 10% of the brain but has over half the cerebral cortex's surface area due to its folded structure. The cerebellum coordinates fine movements and balances. It has two hemispheres separated by a deep fissure and a central vermis. The hemispheres contain lobes and lobules while the vermis is divided into central, anterior and posterior sections. The cerebellum performs important functions through its highly folded cortex and interior nuclei.
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Cerebellum
- 1. Cerebellum ( Laghumastishka / dhamilak)) • Largest part of hind brain • Position- Behind pons & medulla • Separated from them by 4th ventricle • Skull- post cranial fossa • Dural folds - tentorium crebeli / falx cerebelli • Constitutes only 1/10th of brain , but if unfolded -• Constitutes only 1/10th of brain , but if unfolded - surface area becomes half of the cerebral cortex • Cortex contains more neurons than cerebrum • Function – 1. Co- ordination of fine movements 2. Balancing
- 5. • Outer- cortex ( neurons) / Inner- white mater ( Nuclei) Structure Ext features Vermis Hemisheres • Both are separated by deep paramedian fissure Hemisheres
- 8. • 4th ventricle projects inside white mater forming fastigium(sloping roof) • Ant / sup. medullary velum ( covering substance) White mater forming its Cranial wall of 4th ventricle . Extends as a thin sheet in the roof of 4th ventricle • Lat boundary- Sup cerebellar peduncles Other features • Lat boundary- Sup cerebellar peduncles • Contains decussation of trochlear nerve
- 11. Surfaces Sup Flat. Adjoins Tentorum cerebelli. Paramedian sulci are shallow
- 13. Inf •Massive hemisheres overlapping vermis •Paramedian sulci- deep •Post- cerebellar notch Containing falx cerebelliContaining falx cerebelli
- 14. Post cerebellar notch Paramedian sulcus
- 15. • Each lobule is continuous with bilat. Lobe except lingula • Fissura prima- Marks boundary bet. Ant & post lobes( culmen - declive) • Horizontal fissure- Separates Sup & Inf surface
- 16. Divisions of hemisphere (Sup) •Ant lobe •Post quadrangular lobule•Post quadrangular lobule •Sup. Semilunar lobule
- 17. Divisions of hemisphere (Inf) Inf semilunar (Post) • Biventral lobule Tonsil- Spherical , on inf aspect of post lobe • Flocculus (Ant) Retrotonsillar fissure
- 19. Divisions of vermis (Sup) & continuation Central lobule Culmen- (summit) Declive- (slope) Folium vermis- (leaf) Alae Ant. Quadrangular lobule Post Quandrangular lobule Sup. Semilunar lobule
- 20. Divisions of vermis (inf.) & continuation Tuber vermis Pyramis Uvula Nodule Inf semilunar lobule Biventral lobule Biventral lobule & flocculus
- 23. White mater- • Occupies central part. • Tree like pattern of medullary laminae – Arbour vitae • Contains aff & eff. fibres from cortex.These cross in Internal structure • Contains aff & eff. fibres from cortex.These cross in midline to form cerebellar commissure • Laminae continue into a central mass which shows nuclei – 1) Nucleus dentatus 2) Nucleus emboliformis / ant interposed 3) Globose / post interposed 4) Fastigii
- 25. • Med part of dentatus is hilum- through which the fibres come out to form sup. Cerebellar peduncle Cerebellar pedunccles Middle InfSup Largest & most Lat. Connects to Pons (Aff) To medulla Aff & eff To midbrain Eff from nuclei
- 28. Functional divisions Archicerebellum Floculonodular Lobe + lingula Paleocerebellum Ant. Lobe , pyramid,Uvula. Middle lobe , pyramid , uvula Neocerebellum Lobe + lingula Controls axial Musculature Locomotion , equilibrium pyramid,Uvula. Controls tone , posture ,Crude Movements of limb pyramid , uvula Regulation of Fine movements