Cerebrum of brain
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Showing Cerebrum with its poles, lobes,borders and surfaces. For all its anatomy colorful pictures are shown for students to understand better. Along with anatomy functional areas with functions is shown diagrammatically so that student will remember the functions. Sulci and gyri of each surface are shown diagrammatically with with the list of each lobe Anatomical position helps students during practicals.
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3. Medulla oblongata •The medulla oblongata is the part of the brainstem between the pons and spinal cord •It extends through the foramen magnum to the level of the atlas. •Medulla is vital for our function, without medulla we die. •Above the foramen magnum it is embraced dorsally by the cerebellar hemispheres. 1.The lower end which contains the upward continuation of the central canal of the spinal cord is the ‘closed part of the medulla’, 2.The upper end, where the canal comes to the surface as the lower part of the floor of the fourth ventricle, is the ‘open part’.
4. Medulla contd….. MO is lowest 3 cm of the brainstem •it extend from the ponto- medullary junction until plane below foramina magnum for about 0.5 cm. •Medulla spinalis have a central canal which prolonged into its lower half to open in the fourth ventricle at its upper half. •CSF is encircle the MO from outside ( subarachnoid space ) and inside ( central canal ). •MO is between the two lobes of cerebellum ( anterior cerebellar notch )
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3. Medulla oblongata •The medulla oblongata is the part of the brainstem between the pons and spinal cord •It extends through the foramen magnum to the level of the atlas. •Medulla is vital for our function, without medulla we die. •Above the foramen magnum it is embraced dorsally by the cerebellar hemispheres. 1.The lower end which contains the upward continuation of the central canal of the spinal cord is the ‘closed part of the medulla’, 2.The upper end, where the canal comes to the surface as the lower part of the floor of the fourth ventricle, is the ‘open part’.
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5. EXTERNAL FEATURES AND RELATIONS • 3Cm long. • Located at the caudal portion of brainstem • Upper limit is cerebello-pontine angle • Transverse plane that above C1 (suboccipital) intersects upper border of atlas dorsally and centre of dens ventrally marks lower limit
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The fourth ventricle is located ventral to the cerebellum and dorsal to the pons and medulla. It is bounded laterally by the gracile and cuneate tubercles and inferior cerebellar peduncles, and superiorly by the superior cerebellar peduncle. Its roof is formed by the superior cerebellar peduncle and medullary velum. Its floor contains landmarks like the median sulcus, facial colliculus, and hypoglossal triangle. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the fourth ventricle through the median aperture and exits into the subarachnoid space through the foramina of Luschka and Magendi.
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2) The dural sinuses have no valves or muscle in their walls and are located between the layers of the dura mater. They drain blood from the brain and cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space.
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Cerebrum
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Cerebrum-1.pptx
The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain and fills most of the cranial cavity. It is a bilobed structure separated by a cleft called the longitudinal cerebral fissure. Each lobe, called a cerebral hemisphere, has an outer layer of grey matter and an inner core of white matter. The surface of each hemisphere is folded into convolutions separated by fissures called gyri and sulci, respectively, which allow the brain to accommodate more surface area in the limited skull space. The hemispheres are divided into four main lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital - based on prominent sulci and imaginary boundary lines.
Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves. It has both sensory and motor components. The sensory component supplies sensation to the face while the motor component innervates the muscles of mastication. It exists the skull through three divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. Each division further branches to supply specific regions of the face. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of the sensory fibers and is located in the posterior cranial fossa.
Cerebrum external features
The document provides a detailed overview of the gross anatomy of the cerebral hemispheres, including their lobes, surfaces, borders, poles, sulci, gyri, and functional areas. Key points include:
1. The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the median longitudinal fissure and connected by the corpus callosum. They are divided into lobes named according to the overlying cranial bones.
2. The hemispheres have four surfaces - superolateral, medial, inferior (orbital and tentorial), and borders that divide the surfaces.
3. Functional areas include the primary motor, sensory, and association cortices in the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes that control voluntary movement, process
Cranial fossae,mastication muscles
The document describes the three cranial fossae (anterior, middle, posterior) and their boundaries. The anterior fossa is formed by the frontal bone, ethmoid, and lesser sphenoid wing and contains the frontal lobes. The middle fossa is formed by the sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones and contains the temporal lobes. The posterior fossa is formed mainly by the occipital bone and contains the cerebellum and brainstem. It also discusses the orbital complex, nasal complex, infratemporal fossa, and muscles of mastication.
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anatomy of cerebrum is important for any supratentorial surgical procedures and assessing signs associated with different lobes
Final microsurgical anatomy of medial temporal lobe
Neocortex, paleocortex and archicortex coexist in temporal lobe
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Cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into left and right hemispheres. It controls conscious thought and intellectual functions. The document describes the external features, lobes, sulci and gyri of the cerebrum. It discusses the functional areas including the primary motor, somatosensory, auditory and visual cortices located in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes respectively.
Nervous system anatomy
The document discusses the anatomy of the nervous system. It describes the surfaces and lobes of the cerebral hemispheres, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. It also discusses the ventricle system, including the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, and cerebral aqueduct. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three peduncles. Several cranial foramina that transmit nerves and vessels are also described.
neck fascia and spaces
The document describes the anatomy of the neck spaces. It is divided into three sections: spaces involving the entire length of the neck, spaces limited to above the hyoid bone, and spaces limited to below the hyoid bone. The key spaces described include the retropharyngeal space, danger space, parapharyngeal space, submandibular space, and anterior visceral space. Various structures form the boundaries of each space and contents are noted.
MEDIAL HEMISPHERIC SURFACE.pptx
The medial surfaces of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes are described. Key structures include the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, paracentral lobule, precuneus, cuneus, lingula, and parts of the temporal lobe such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and uncus. The document outlines the boundaries and relations of these structures and describes the gyri and sulci that separate different regions on the medial hemispheric surface.
��نسخة 11-Nervous system anatomy�.pptx
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, which are protected by bones and meninges. The PNS includes cranial and spinal nerves. The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum. The spinal cord extends from the brain and has cervical and lumbar enlargements. It is protected by meninges and vertebrae and gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Anatomy
The document describes the classification and characteristics of the human body. It discusses the key features that define humans, including our large brains, bipedal locomotion, opposable thumbs, vocal structures, and stereoscopic vision. It then covers the structural organization of the human body from cellular to systemic levels. Finally, it provides detailed descriptions of the major body regions, cavities, and membranes.
The Cerebral Cortex by Dr. NIda Kanwal, Neurosrugery LNH, Karachi
The document summarizes the surgical anatomy of the cerebral cortex and sylvian fissure. It describes the lobes and major sulci of the cerebral cortex, including the central sulcus which separates the motor and sensory cortices. It outlines the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and describes important structures on the medial surface like the cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum. It also provides methods to approximate the locations of the central sulcus and sylvian fissure using external landmarks on the skull.
Cranial cavity
The cranial cavity contains the brain and its meninges, cranial nerves, arteries, veins, and venous sinuses
The bones that take part in formation of cranial cavity are frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and ethmoid
1-Vault of the Skull
2-Base of the Skull
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Cerebrum of brain
- 1. BRAIN VIJAYALAXMI PATTbrain ANSHETTI Cerebrum of brain DR.VIJAYALAXMI PATTANSHETTI ASST,PROF IN ANATOMY SIMS&RH, TUMKURU(KARNATAKA)
- 2. BRAIN SEEN FROM LEFT SIDE AFTER REMOVAL OF MENINGIS Vijayalaxmi Pattanshetti
- 3. HOLDING BRAIN IN ANATOMICAL POSITION Vijayalaxmi Pattanshetti
- 4. MENINGIS AND CRANIAL CAVITY IS SEEN Vijayalaxmi Pattanshetti Cranial cavity anterior middle posteriormeninges falx cerebri
- 6. TWO HALVES OF THE BRAIN
- 7. Two halves of the brain
- 9. CEREBRUM CEREBRUM (PALLIUM) – is the largest part of the brain. • It occupies anterior, middle and upper part of posterior cranial fossa • It is made-up of outer grey matter and inner white matter and basal ganglia within the white matter • Each hemisphere contains a cavity called lateral ventricles EXTERNAL FEATURES: • 1. Has three surfaces • 2. Four borders • 3. Three poles • 4. Four lobes Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti • 5. Sulci and Gyri
- 10. 1). THREE SURFACES 2).MEDIAL SURFACE 1).SUPEROLATERALSURFACE a). Anterior Orbital Surface b)Posterior tentorial surface 3). Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti 21/02/2018
- 11. 2). FOUR BORDERS Superomedial border Inferolateral border Medial orbital border Medial occipital border
- 12. 3). THREE POLES
- 13. 4).FOUR LOBES OF CEREBRUM WITH CEREBELLUM Vijaylaxmi Pattanshettii
- 14. 5).
- 18. SULCI AND GYRI OF SUPEROLATERAL SURFACE
- 19. 1. SUPEROLATERAL SURFACE 1). 1). 3). 2).
- 21. PARIETAL LOBE SULCI Postcentral Intraparietal GYRI Postcentral Superior parietal lobule Inferior parietal lobule – which is divided into 3 parts i). The anterior --- supramarginal ii). The middle --- angular iii). The posterior --- over the upturned end of inferior temporal
- 25. OCCIPITAL LOBE SULCI GYRI • A) Transverse occipital a). Arcus parieto - occipitalis • B) Lateral occipital b). Superior occipital • C). Lunate c). Inferior occipital • D). Superior and Inferior polar d). Gyrus desendence • E). Calcarine
- 26. V). Insular lobe
- 28. 2).SULCI AND GYRI OF MEDIAL SURFACE
- 29. MEDIAL SURFACE • SULCI GYRI • A. Anterior paraolfactory a. Paraterminal • B. Posterior paraolfactory b.Paraolfactory(subcallosal area) • C. Cingulate c. Medial frontal • D. Callosal d. Paracentral lobule • E. Suprasplenial or supraparietal e. Cingulate • F. Parieto-occipital f. Cuneus • G. Calcarine g. Precuneus
- 30. 3.GYRUS OF
- 32. • sonorous
- 33. FUNCTIONAL OR CORTICAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
- 36. FUNCTIONAL AREAS WITH THEIR FUNCTIONS
- 40. Dr .Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti SIMS&RH Tumkur 21/02/2018
Editor's Notes
- VIJAYALAXMI PATTANSHETTI
- Vijayalaxmi Pattanshetti
- Vijayalaxmi Pattanshetti
- Falx cerebri
- Two halves of the brain
- Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti
- Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti 21/6/2018
- Medial occipital border
- Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti
- 5).
- Vijaylaxmi pattanshetti
- Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti
- Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti
- 2).
- IV). Occipital lobe
- V). Insular lobe
- GYRUS OF
- Vijaylaxmi Pattanshetti
- sonorous
- 21/6/2018