This document summarizes the two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the process where a somatic cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells. The key phases of mitosis are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Meiosis involves the creation of sex cells and results in four haploid cells from one original cell.

1. Cell Division

2. kinds of cell division:
1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells
2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells

3.  Somatic cell – a body cell; a cell whose genes will
not be passed on to future generations.
 Germ cell - a cell that is destined to become a
gamete (egg or sperm), a cell whose genes can
be passed on to future generations.
 diploid (2N) – a cell with 2 chromosome sets in
each of its cells; all body (somatic) cells
 haploid (N) – a cell with 1 chromosome set in
each of its cells; all gametes (sperm, eggs)

4. What is mitosis?
 Mitosis is a process
where a single cell
divides into two
identical daughter cells
(cell division).
 It duplicates its DNA
and the two new cells
(daughter cells) have
the same pieces and
genetic code.Two
identical copies come
from one original

5. Reasons for Mitosis
 growth
 repair/healing
 asexual reproduction

6. Mitosis Phases
 Interphase
 Prophase
 Metaphase
 Anaphase
 Telophase
 Cytokinesis

7. Interphase
 The DNA in the cell is copied
in preparation for cell division,
this results in two identical
full sets of chromosomes.
 Outside of the nucleus are two
centrosomes, each containing
a pair of centrioles, these
structures are critical for the
process of cell division.
 During interphase,
microtubules extend from
these centrosomes.

8. Prophase
 In prophase, the cell
begins the process of
division.
 The chromosomes
condense.
 Nuclear envelope
disappears.
 Centrioles migrate to
opposite poles of the
cell.
 Asters and spindle
fibers form.

9. Metaphase
 The chromosomes
line up at the
equator of the cell
(metaphase plate),
with the centrioles
at opposite ends and
the spindle fibers
attached to the
centromeres.

10. Anaphase
 In anaphase, the
centromeres divide.
 At this point, each
chromosome goes from
having 2 sister
chromatids to being 2
separate
chromosomes.
 The spindle fibers
contract and the
chromosomes are
pulled to opposite
poles.

11. Telophase
 InTelophase the
nucleus actually
divides.
 The chromosomes are
at the poles of the cell.
 The nuclear envelope
re-forms around the
two sets of
chromosomes.

12. Cytokinesis
 The division of
the cytoplasm.

16. Experimental work
 Take the onion rootTip and put it in alcohol solution
for several minutes .
 Wash the roots with D.W
 Add the roots on a Petri dish and pour above It HCl
acid and leave it for several minutes
 Take the roots and wash it then add it on a slide
 Add 1 drop of stain and leave for several minutes
 Add the cover slide and press well with wiper
 See the results under the microscope

17. Thank you