3. It is the smallest unit that contains
all living beings; our body is
composed of billions of them.
1
Like all living things, they perform vital
functions: they are born; they are feed
to grow and carry out their functions;
such as reproduction and death.
2
They contain hereditary material and can
make copies of themselves hrough two
processes called mitosis and meiosis.
3
Cell
4. Cell Division
It is a fundamental process to create life, occurring in all forms of it,
ensuring the perpetuity of their existence, as well as growth, tissue
replacement, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.
It is known as cell reproduction or cell division, is the stage in the cell cycle
where each cell divides to form two daughter cells. There are three biological
mechanisms of cell reproduction: binary fission, meiosis, and mitosis.
6. It is the most common form
of cell division in somatic
eukaryotic cells (those that will
not become sex cells).
1 2
When mitosis is completed,
two genetically identical cells
are produced. It is a
fundamental process during
growth and tissue repair.
Mitosis
8. Interphase
A cell divides into two daughter cells that
can then divide again, creating a cycle of
cell division.
The period between two consecutive
mitoses is called interphase.
As the cell prepares for reproduction,
it duplicates its DNA and takes the
necessary internal and external measures
to successfully undergo the process.
Centrosome
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
10. Centrosome Microtubules
Chromosome
Metaphase
The chromosomes align at the cell's
equator during metaphase, with the
fibers of the mitotic spindle.
Each chromosome has already
duplicated during interphase, so at
this point, the two copies separate.
Centromere
Microtubules attach to each
centromere of the chromosomes.
11. Centrosome
Microtubules
Chromosome
Anaphase
It is the crucial phase of mitosis
because it is when the distribution of
the original genetic information occurs.
The two groups of chromosomes
(which are identical) move apart thanks
to the microtubules toward opposite
poles of the cell.
Each set of genetic information
concentrates around a centrosome.
12. Centrosome Microtubules
Telophase
The microtubules that aided in
the migration of the two groups
of chromosomes disappear.
Two new nuclear envelopes begin to
form, each containing the information for
each new cell.
The chromosomes start to
decondense, exposing the DNA and
initiating the processes characteristic of
an independent cell.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
13. Cytokinesis
It involves the physical separation of the
cytoplasm. A contractile ring composed
of actin and myosin microfilaments
forms, constricting the cell and creating
a structure resembling an hourglass.
A cleavage furrow forms, ultimately
separating the two daughter cells,
each with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cell.
Contractile ring
