Cell
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The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes the main components of cells including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and nucleus. The cell membrane forms the outer covering and regulates what passes in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm and organelles work together within the cell, with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes involved in protein synthesis, the Golgi apparatus in packaging and secretion, mitochondria generating energy, and the nucleus controlling cell activities and division.
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Cells are the basis of life—the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
One of the hallmarks of living systems is the ability to maintain homeostasis, or a relatively constant internal state. The cell is the first level of complexity able to maintain homeostasis, and it is the unique structure of the cell that enables this critical function.
In this section of the course, you will learn about the cell and all the parts that make it functional. You will also focus on the cell membrane, which is the structure that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is a critical component because it controls what can enter and exit the cell. This section will also describe how cells reproduce to maintain homeostasis.Cells are the basis of life—the basic structural unit of living things. Molecules such as water and amino acids are not alive but cells are! All life is comprised of cells of one type or another.
One of the hallmarks of living systems is the ability to maintain homeostasis, or a relatively constant internal state. The cell is the first level of complexity able to maintain homeostasis, and it is the unique structure of the cell that enables this critical function.
In this section of the course, you will learn about the cell and all the parts that make it functional. You will also focus on the cell membrane, which is the structure that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is a critical component because it controls what can enter and exit the cell. This section will also describe how cells reproduce to maintain homeostasis.
THE CELL-Unlocking the Mysteries of the Cell: A Journey into the Building Blo...
Unlocking the Mysteries of the Cell: A Journey into the Building Blocks of Life
Embark on an enlightening voyage into the intricate world of cells with our captivating SlideShare presentation. From the tiniest microorganisms to the complex structures within our bodies, delve into the fundamental units of life that shape our existence.
In this visually engaging presentation, we explore the fascinating realms of cell biology, unraveling the mysteries of cellular structure, function, and diversity. Discover the inner workings of cells, from the powerhouse mitochondria to the information hub of the nucleus, and delve into the dynamic processes that sustain life.
Featuring stunning visuals, insightful explanations, and intriguing facts, our presentation is designed to enlighten and inspire audiences of all backgrounds. Whether you're a seasoned biologist, a curious student, or simply intrigued by the wonders of life, join us on this immersive journey into the heart of the cell.
Unlock the secrets of life itself and gain a deeper appreciation for the remarkable complexity and beauty of the cellular world. Don't miss out on this captivating exploration of "the cell" – the foundation of all living organisms.
Cell structures and functions
This document summarizes the structures and functions of various cell organelles. It describes the plasma membrane as the outer boundary of the cell that regulates what enters and exits. It notes that the cytoplasm contains organelles and vesicles. Key organelles discussed include the nucleus that controls the cell, endoplasmic reticulum for protein and lipid storage, Golgi apparatus for sorting and secreting proteins, mitochondria as the powerhouse, lysosomes for digestion, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis in plant cells.
Cell Theory.pdf
The document discusses the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It describes the key components of cells including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and cytoskeleton. It also discusses the nucleus. The main functions of these components are to transport ions and molecules, carry out metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, produce energy, synthesize proteins and lipids, modify and sort proteins, aid in cellular digestion, utilize hydrogen peroxide, maintain cell morphology and enable cell motility, and facilitate DNA synthesis and repair.
The Cell
The document provides information about the structure and function of the cell. It discusses the key components of the cell including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and microtubules. It also describes the functions of these various parts as well as cellular processes like passive and active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Interactive elements like diagrams and a post-test quiz are included to help students learn the material.
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Cell
- 2. Cell It is a Basic structural and functional unit of the body. Types of cell i. Nerve cell (Neurons) ii. Muscle cell (Myocytes) iii. Connective cell (Fibroblast, plasma cell etc) iv. Immune cell (WBCs, Leukocytes etc) v. Blood cell(RBCs ,WBCs& platelets)
- 3. Composition of cell i. Water 65-80% ii. Proteins iii. Electrolytes iv. Lipids v. Carbohydrates
- 4. Organelle of cell Cell membrane Cytoplasm I. Endoplasmic reticulum II. Ribosome III. Golgi apparatus IV. Mitochondria V. Nucleus
- 5. CELL MEMBRANE It is outer covering of cell. It is very thin in nature about 8-10 nanometer. Structure: It is lipid bilayer in nature in which carbohydrates are sandwich and proteins are also emended in it.
- 6. Functions: i. It provides the passage of the water-soluble substances. ii. These act as transported by attaching to the cell membrane proteins iii. Permit the passage of ions and molecules outside the cell. iv. It protects the cell organelles. v. Some carbohydrates in plasma membrane are helpful for binding of hormones. (Insulin)
- 7. Cytoplasm It is part which surrounds /covers the cell nucleus. It lies near to the cell membrane Zones of cytoplasm: (i) Ectoplasm → near to the cell membrane (ii) Endoplasm → near to the nucleus Cytosol It is a clear fluid where all organelles are present.
- 8. Endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of tubular portion in the cytoplasm. Types of endoplasmic reticulum Rough surface endoplasmic reticulum (Granular) Smooth surface endoplasmic reticulum (A granular)
- 9. Rough surface endoplasmic reticulum Smooth surface endoplasmic reticulum Function: i. Ribosomes are attached to outer surface of endoplasmic reticulum. ii. Proteins are synthesized by ribosome and then transferred to the endoplasmic lumen. Function: i. Lipid biosynthesis and the intracellular transportation ii. In liver there is a large quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is present. iii. It plays a major role in glycogen metabolism. iv. It also helps in detoxification of various toxins and alcohol.
- 10. Ribosome Cell contain many tiny granular structure known as Ribosomes. It is non-membranous organelle Types: i. Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Protein synthesis ii. Free floating ribosomes Produce Cytoplasmic proteins.
- 11. Function: I. Transcription: DNA to RNA formation ii. Translation: RNA to protein formation
- 12. Golgi apparatus It is also called as Golgi body or Golgi complex. It is membranous organelle, which is responsible for packaging and lysosomes formation. Function: I. To form lysosomes. ii. To form secreting cells. iii. This is the additional distribution center of proteins and lipids iv. It modifies N-oligosaccharides. v. This is the site for carbohydrate and protein.
- 13. Mitochondria It is self-replicating organelle, thread like membrane. power house of cell. Structure: It is composed of two lipid bilayer protein membrane Size: It has different size and shape. It is Motile, localize at intercellular site for maximum energy. It is wide 0.5 – 1um and Length up to 10 um. Shape: These are elongate in shape, like as cigar shape. These are single and branched.
- 14. Composition: I. Proteins and lipids II. DNA and RNA . Functions: I. A large amount of ATP is formed in mitochondria ii. Pyruvic acid, amino acids and fatty acid are converted into acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA is broken into hydrogen and CO2.
- 15. Nucleus Nucleus is a control center of cell. It is responsible for all physiological, biochemical and reproductive functions of cells. It is mostly present in eukaryotic cells. Size & shape: Spherical shape and size is 4-10 mm in diameter. Structure: It is made by Nucleus membrane, Nucleus plasma, Chromosomes and Nucleolus.
- 16. Composition: It consist of Water = 80% and Dry weight = 20% in which DNA 18% and RNA 2% are present. Functions: i. It is a control center of cell. ii. It controls the protein synthesis by messenger RNA. iii. It helps in hereditary material transformation. iv. It controls the cell division. v. It controls the activity of cytoplasm