Global Adipic Acid Market To Surpass US$ 12.12 Billion By 2025, Buoyed By Inc...Pareesh P
Adipic acid finds wide application in various industries such as electrical & electronics, automotive, consumer goods, wires & cables, packaging films & coatings, and appliances. Rampant growth of these end-use industries, in turn creates a highly conducive environment for growth of the adipic acid market.
https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/adipic-acid-market-318
Avoid Air-rors! Discuss the Air Regulations that Impact Oil and Gas DevelopmentTrihydro Corporation
Presentation about the air regulations affecting oil and gas development. Topics covered include NSPS OOOO, Leak Detection and Repair, Greenhouse Gas Inventory/Reporting, Optical Gas Imaging with Infrared Cameras
Carbon markets 101 introduces the market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol and related initiatives. It helps executives and managers understand emerging business issues around carbon trading, emission reduction projects and carbon monitoring.
OECD Green Talks LIVE | Diving deeper: the evolving landscape for assessing w...OECD Environment
Water is critical for meeting commitments of the Paris Agreement and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Our economies rely on water, with recent estimates putting the economic value of water and freshwater ecosystems at USD 58 trillion - equivalent to 60% of global GDP. At the same time, water related risks are increasing in frequency and scale in the context of climate change.
How are investments shaping our economies and societies exposure to water risk? What role can the financial system play in supporting water security? And how can increased understanding of how finance both impacts and depends on water resources spur action towards greater water security?
This OECD Green Talks LIVE on Tuesday 14 May 2024 from 15:00 to 16:00 CEST discussed the evolving landscape for assessing water risks to the financial system.
OECD Policy Analyst Lylah Davies presented key findings and recommendations from recent OECD work on assessing the financial materiality of water-related risks, including the recently published paper “Watered down? Investigating the financial materiality of water-related risks” and was joined by experts to discuss relevant initiatives underway.
Detlef Van Vuuren- Integrated modelling for interrelated crises.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Thomas Hertel- Integrated Policies for the Triple Planetary Crisis.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Jon Sampedro - Assessing synergies and trade offs for health and sustainable ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Astrid Bos - Identifying trade offs & searching for synergies.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Ruth Delzeit - Modelling environmental and socio-economic impacts of cropland...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Wilfried Winiwarter - Implementing nitrogen pollution control pathways in the...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Laurent Drouet - Physical and Economic Risks of Climate Change.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
HyeJin Kim and Simon Smart - The biodiversity nexus across multiple drivers: ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Case Study: Peptides-based Plant Protection Product (harpin proteins*) by Ros...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
CLE Contribution on the Assessment of Innovative Biochemicals in the EU Statu...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Additional Considerations for Pesticide Formulations Containing Microbial Pes...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Role of genome sequencing (WGS) in microbial biopesticides safety assessment ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Considerations for Problem Formulation for Human Health Safety Assessments of...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
How to Identify and Quantify Mixtures What is Essential to Know for Risk Asse...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
APVMA outcome-focussed approach to data requirements to support registration ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
The U.S. Perspective on Problem Formulation for Biopesticides: Shannon BORGESOECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Problem formulation for environmental risk assessment – Finnish case study: ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
CCXG Workshop, February 2021, Nashib Kefle and Tomo Aizawa
1. Transparency Division, UNFCCC secretariat
Tomoyuki Aizawa and Nashib Kafle
The CRF system:
the CRF tables and the CRF Reporter
Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG)
Understanding opportunities and challenges of the CRF system:
Capacity-building to support CRT discussions
2 February 2021
2. • Overview of the CRF tables
• CRF tables and CRF Reporter development history
• Workflow in the CRF Reporter
• Inventory creation
• Inventory compilation (data entry)
• Key features of CRF Reporter (KCA, Recalculations, Completeness
check)
Outline of the presentation
3. The CRF reporter generates the CRF tables agreed by Parties
Data to be filled are only most disaggregated level of categories
The CRF tables consists of 49 tables (for a year)
Overview of the CRF tables
CRF Reporter
5. Emissions
Activity data
Implied emissions factors (automatically calculated)
CRF tables – Sectoral Background Data tables
Emissions
To be reported
Activity data
To be reported
Implied emission factors
Automatically calculated
(Emissions / Activity
data)
6. Automatic aggregation for subtotals of categories
CRF tables – Sectoral Background Data tables
7. Emissions for GHGs and other gases, in kt of each gas
(for HFCs and PFCs in kt CO2 eq.)
No need to fill data in CRF reporter in this level.
CRF tables – Sectoral Report Tables
TABLE 5 SECTORAL REPORT FOR WASTE Year
(Sheet 1 of 1) Submission
Country
CO2
(1) CH4 N2O NOx CO NMVOC SO2
(kt)
Total waste
A. Solid waste disposal
1. Managed waste disposal sites
2. Unmanaged waste disposal sites
3. Uncategorized waste disposal sites
B. Biological treatment of solid waste
1. Composting
2. Anaerobic digestion at biogas facilities
C. Incineration and open burning of waste
1. Waste incineration
2. Open burning of waste
D. Wastewater treatment and discharge
1. Domestic wastewater
2. Industrial wastewater
3. Other (as specified in table 5.D)
E. Other (please specify)
Memo item:(2)
Long-term storage of C in waste disposal sites
Annual change in total long-term C storage
Annual change in total long-term C storage in HWP waste(3)
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK CATEGORIES
8. Summary 1 Summary of GHGs emissions/removals and
other gases emissions in kt of each gas
(for F-gases in kt CO2 eq.)
Summary 2 Summary of GHGs emissions/removals in kt CO2 eq.
Summary 3 Summary of methods and EFs applied
Table 6 Indirect emissions of N2O and CO2
Table 7 the result of key category analysis
(2006 IPCC GL’s approach 1)
Table 8 Recalculations (comparing with the previous submission)
Table 9 Completeness – information on notation keys
(i.e. NE and IE)
Table 10 Emissions trends
CRF tables - Summary tables
& Other cross sectoral tables
Other Cross-
Sectoral Tables
Summary Tables (emission trends)
Summary
Tables
9. Summary 2 Summary of GHGs emissions/removals in kt CO2 eq.
Table 10 Emissions trends
CRF tables - Summary tables
& Other cross sectoral tables
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND CO2
(1)
CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6
Unspecified
mix of HFCs
and PFCs
NF3 Total
SINK CATEGORIES CO2 equivalent (kt )
Total (net emissions)
(1)
1. Energy
A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)
1. Energy industries
2. Manufacturing industries and construction
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
5. Other
B. Fugitive emissions from fuels
1. Solid fuels
2. Oil and natural gas and other emissions from
energy production
C. CO2 transport and storage
2. Industrial processes and product use
A. Mineral industry
Long-term storage of C in waste disposal sites
Indirect N2O
Indirect CO2
(3)
Total CO2 equivalent emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry
Total CO2 equivalent emissions with land use, land-use change and forestry
Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, without land use, land-use change and forestry
Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, with land use, land-use change and forestry
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND CO2
(1)
CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6
Unspecified
mix of HFCs
and PFCs
NF3 Total
SINK CATEGORIES CO2 equivalent (kt )
Total (net emissions)
(1)
1. Energy
A. Fuel combustion (sectoral approach)
1. Energy industries
2. Manufacturing industries and construction
3. Transport
4. Other sectors
5. Other
B. Fugitive emissions from fuels
1. Solid fuels
2. Oil and natural gas and other emissions from
energy production
C. CO2 transport and storage
2. Industrial processes and product use
A. Mineral industry
B. Chemical industry
C. Metal industry
D. Non-energy products from fuels and solvent use
E. Electronic Industry
F. Product uses as ODS substitutes
G. Other product manufacture and use
H. Other
3. Agriculture
A. Enteric fermentation
B. Manure management
C. Rice cultivation
D. Agricultural soils
E. Prescribed burning of savannahs
F. Field burning of agricultural residues
G. Liming
H. Urea application
I. Other carbon-containing fertilizers
J. Other
4. Land use, land-use change and forestry
(1)
A. Forest land
B. Cropland
C. Grassland
D. Wetlands
E. Settlements
F. Other land
G. Harvested wood products
H. Other
5. Waste
A. Solid waste disposal
B. Biological treatment of solid waste
C. Incineration and open burning of waste
D. Waste water treatment and discharge
E. Other
6. Other (as specified in summary 1.A)
Memo items:(2)
International bunkers
Aviation
Navigation
Multilateral operations
CO2 emissions from biomass
CO2 captured
Long-term storage of C in waste disposal sites
Indirect N2O
Indirect CO2
(3)
Total CO2 equivalent emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry
Total CO2 equivalent emissions with land use, land-use change and forestry
Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, without land use, land-use change and forestry
Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, with land use, land-use change and forestry
10. Table 10 Emissions trends of each gas and national total
from Base Year of the Convention to the latest year (submission year – 2)
1) CO2 eq. 2) CO2, 3) CH4, 4) N2O,
5) F-gases and 6) each GHG and each sector
CRF tables - Summary tables
& Other cross sectoral tables
11. Table 7 the result of key category analysis
Automatically generated based on reported data
Applied method is completely comply with the 2006 IPCC GL’s approach 1
Disaggregated level of categories is completely complied with table 4.1 of the 2006 IPCC GL
(suggested aggregation level of analysis for approach 1)
CRF tables - Summary tables
& Other cross sectoral tables
4.E.1 Settlements Remaining Settlements CO2 X X X
4.E.2 Land Converted to Settlements CO2 X X X
4.F.1 Other Land Remaining Other Land CO2
4.F.2 Land Converted to Other Land CO2
KEY CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS Gas
Criteria used for key
source identification
Key category
excluding
LULUCF
Key category
including
LULUCF
L T
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Liquid Fuels CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Liquid Fuels N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Solid Fuels CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Solid Fuels N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Gaseous Fuels CH4
2.B.9 Fluorochemical Production Aggregate F-gases X X X
2.B.10 Other CO2
2.B.10 Other CH4
2.B.10 Other N2O
2.B.10 Other Aggregate F-gases
2.C.1 Iron and Steel Production CO2 X X X X
2.C.1 Iron and Steel Production CH4
2.C.2 Ferroalloys Production CO2
2.C.2 Ferroalloys Production CH4
2.C.3 Aluminium Production CO2
2.C.3 Aluminium Production PFCs X X X
2.C.3 Aluminium Production SF6
KEY CATEGORIES OF EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS Gas
Criteria used for key
source identification
Key category
excluding
LULUCF
Key category
including
LULUCF
L T
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Liquid Fuels CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Liquid Fuels N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Solid Fuels CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Solid Fuels N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Gaseous Fuels CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Gaseous Fuels N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Other Fossil Fuels CO2
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Other Fossil Fuels CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Other Fossil Fuels N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Peat CO2
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Peat CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Peat N2O
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Biomass CH4
1.A.1 Fuel combustion - Energy Industries - Biomass N2O
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Liquid Fuels CH4
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Liquid Fuels N2O
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Solid Fuels CH4
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Solid Fuels N2O
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Gaseous Fuels CH4
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Gaseous Fuels N2O
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Other Fossil Fuels CO2
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Other Fossil Fuels CH4
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Other Fossil Fuels N2O
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Peat CO2
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Peat CH4
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Peat N2O
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Biomass CH4
1.A.2 Fuel combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction - Biomass N2O
1.A.3.a Domestic Aviation CO2 X X X
1.A.3.a Domestic Aviation CH4
1.A.3.a Domestic Aviation N2O
1.A.3.b Road Transportation CO2 X X X X
1.A.3.b Road Transportation CH4
1.A.3.b Road Transportation N2O X X X
1.A.3.c Railways CO2 X X X
1.A.3.c Railways CH4
1.A.3.c Railways N2O
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Liquid Fuels CH4
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Liquid Fuels N2O
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Gaseous Fuels CO2
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Gaseous Fuels CH4
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Gaseous Fuels N2O
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Other Fossil Fuels CO2
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Other Fossil Fuels CH4
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Other Fossil Fuels N2O
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Biomass Fuels CH4
1.A.3.d Domestic Navigation - Biomass Fuels N2O
1.A.3.e Other Transportation CO2 X X X X
1.A.3.e Other Transportation CH4
1.A.3.e Other Transportation N2O
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Liquid Fuels CH4
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Liquid Fuels N2O
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Solid Fuels CH4
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Solid Fuels N2O
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Gaseous Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Gaseous Fuels CH4
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Gaseous Fuels N2O
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Other Fossil Fuels CO2
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Other Fossil Fuels CH4
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Other Fossil Fuels N2O
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Peat CO2
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Peat CH4
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Peat N2O
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Biomass CH4
1.A.4 Other Sectors - Biomass N2O
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Liquid Fuels CO2 X X X X
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Liquid Fuels CH4
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Liquid Fuels N2O
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Solid Fuels CO2 X X X
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Solid Fuels CH4
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Solid Fuels N2O
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Gaseous Fuels CO2
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Gaseous Fuels CH4
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Gaseous Fuels N2O
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Other Fossil Fuels CO2
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Other Fossil Fuels CH4
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Other Fossil Fuels N2O
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Peat CO2
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Peat CH4
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Peat N2O
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Biomass CH4
1.A.5 Other (Not specified elsewhere) - Biomass N2O
1.B.1 Fugitive emissions from Solid Fuels CO2
1.B.1 Fugitive emissions from Solid Fuels CH4 X X X X
1.B.2.a Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Oil and Natural Gas - Oil CO2 X X X X
1.B.2.a Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Oil and Natural Gas - Oil CH4 X X X X
1.B.2.b Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Oil and Natural Gas - Natural Gas CO2 X X X
1.B.2.b Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Oil and Natural Gas - Natural Gas CH4 X X X X
1.B.2.c Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Venting and flaring CO2
1.B.2.c Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Venting and flaring CH4
1.B.2.c Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Venting and flaring N2O
1.B.2.d Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Other CO2
1.B.2.d Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Other CH4
1.B.2.d Fugitive Emissions from Fuels - Other N2O
1.C CO2 Transport and Storage CO2
2.A.1 Cement Production CO2 X X X
2.A.2 Lime Production CO2
2.A.3 Glass Production CO2
2.A.4 Other Process Uses of Carbonates CO2
2.B.1 Ammonia Production CO2
2.B.1 Ammonia Production CH4
2.B.1 Ammonia Production N2O
2.B.2 Nitric Acid Production N2O
2.B.3 Adipic Acid Production CO2
2.B.3 Adipic Acid Production N2O
2.B.4 Caprolactam, Glyoxal and Glyoxylic Acid Production CO2
2.B.4 Caprolactam, Glyoxal and Glyoxylic Acid Production N2O
2.B.5 Carbide Production CO2
2.B.5 Carbide Production CH4
2.B.6 Titanium Dioxide Production CO2
2.B.7 Soda Ash Production CO2
2.B.8 Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production CO2 X X X
2.B.8 Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production CH4
2.B.9 Fluorochemical Production Aggregate F-gases X X X
2.B.10 Other CO2
2.B.10 Other CH4
2.B.10 Other N2O
2.B.10 Other Aggregate F-gases
2.C.1 Iron and Steel Production CO2 X X X X
2.C.1 Iron and Steel Production CH4
2.C.2 Ferroalloys Production CO2
2.C.2 Ferroalloys Production CH4
2.C.3 Aluminium Production CO2
2.C.3 Aluminium Production PFCs X X X
2.C.3 Aluminium Production SF6
2.C.4 Magnesium Production CO2
2.C.4 Magnesium Production HFCs
2.C.4 Magnesium Production PFCs
2.C.4 Magnesium Production SF6
2.C.4 Magnesium Production Unspecified mix of HFCs and PFCs
2.C.5 Lead Production CO2
2.C.6 Zinc Production CO2
2.C.7 Other CO2
2.C.7 Other CH4
2.C.7 Other N2O
2.C.7 Other Aggregate F-gases
2.D Non-energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use CO2
2.D Non-energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use CH4
2.D Non-energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use N2O
2.E Electronics Industry Aggregate F-gases
2.F.1 Refrigeration and Air conditioning Aggregate F-gases X X X X
2.F.2 Foam Blowing Agents Aggregate F-gases
2.F.3 Fire Protection Aggregate F-gases
2.F.4 Aerosols Aggregate F-gases X X X
2.F.5 Solvents Aggregate F-gases
2.F.6 Other Applications Aggregate F-gases X X X
2.G Other Product Manufacture and Use CO2
2.G Other Product Manufacture and Use CH4
2.G Other Product Manufacture and Use N2O
2.G Other Product Manufacture and Use Aggregate F-gases X X X
2.H Other CO2
2.H Other CH4
2.H Other N2O
2.H Other Aggregate F-gases
3.A Enteric Fermentation CH4 X X X
3.B Manure Management CH4 X X X X
3.B Manure Management N2O
3.C Rice Cultivation CH4
3.D Agricultural Soils CH4
3.D.1 Direct N2O Emissions From Managed Soils N2O X X X
3.D.2 Indirect N2O Emissions From Managed Soils N2O X X X X
3.E Prescribed burning of savannas CH4
3.E Prescribed burning of savannas N2O
3.F Field burning of agricultural residues CH4
3.F Field burning of agricultural residues N2O
3.G Liming CO2
3.H Urea Application CO2
3.I. Other carbon-containing fertlizers CO2
3.J. Other CO2
3.J. Other CH4
3.J. Other N2O
4.A.1 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land CO2 X X X
4.A.2 Land Converted to Forest Land CO2 X X X
4.B.1 Cropland Remaining Cropland CO2
4.B.2 Land Converted to Cropland CO2 X X
4.C.1 Grassland Remaining Grassland CO2
4.C.2 Land Converted to Grassland CO2 X X X
4.D.1.1 Peat Extraction Remaining Peat Extraction CO2
4.D.1.2 Flooded Land Remaining Flooded Land CO2
4.D.1.3 Other Wetlands Remaining Other Wetlands CO2
4.D.2 Land Converted to Wetlands CO2
4.E.1 Settlements Remaining Settlements CO2 X X X
4.E.2 Land Converted to Settlements CO2 X X X
4.F.1 Other Land Remaining Other Land CO2
4.F.2 Land Converted to Other Land CO2
4.G Harvested Wood Products CO2 X X X
4(I). Direct N2O emissions from N inputs to managed soils N2O
4(II). Emissions and removals from drainage and rewetting and other management of organic and mineral soils
CO2
4(II). Emissions and removals from drainage and rewetting and other management of organic and mineral soils
CH4
4(II). Emissions and removals from drainage and rewetting and other management of organic and mineral soils
N2O
4(III).Direct N2O emissions from N mineralization/immobilization N2O
4(IV) Indirect N2O Emissions from Managed Soils N2O
4(V) Biomass Burning CO2
4(V) Biomass Burning CH4 X X
4(V) Biomass Burning N2O X X
4.H Other CO2
4.H Other CH4
4.H Other N2O
5.A Solid Waste Disposal CH4 X X X X
5.A Solid Waste Disposal CO2
5.B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste CH4
5.B Biological Treatment of Solid Waste N2O
5.C Incineration and Open Burning of Waste CO2
5.C Incineration and Open Burning of Waste CH4
5.C Incineration and Open Burning of Waste N2O
5.D Wastewater Treatment and Discharge CH4
5.D Wastewater Treatment and Discharge N2O
5.E Other CO2
5.E Other CH4
5.E Other N2O
6. Other CO2
6. Other CH4
6. Other N2O
6. Other Aggregate F-gases
Note: L = Level assessment; T = Trend assessment.
(1)
12. CRF Reporter workflow
CRF Reporter workflow
User
administration
Inventory
creation
Inventory
compilation
Internal
review
Inventory
approval
Inventory
submission
CRF
Reporter
Application
National
Focal
Point
(NFP)
National
Inventory
Compiler
(NIC)
Sectoral
Expert(s)
Send email
notification to
user Save data
in database
Approve
inventory
Generate
official
submission
Send
inventory for
approval
Setup user
accounts
Create and
start and
inventory
CRF tables
and XML file
Enter/edit
data
(manually
or via
import)
Run checks
and provide
report of
results
Send email
notification to
NIC
Perform data
validation
checks
Prepare new
inventory and
send email
notification
13. CRF Reporter user management
CRF Reporter is intended to be used by registered user and each user must be assigned a
role
Different roles are available in the CRF reporter.
a) National Inventory Compiler – Admin user for Party; Responsible for creating and editing
user profiles within the country; specifying the properties of the inventory
b) National Focal Point – Responsible for final approval of national GHG inventory
c) Expert – Responsible for updating inventory data for specific sector(s)
d) National Reviewer – Responsible for reviewing inventory prior to approval.
e) Submission module user – Responsible for uploading official submission and has to be
nominated by the NFP
Roles are solely for the CRF Reporter application and may not need to necessarily be the
same roles within country
Party can have multiple users as expert(s) and national reviewers and expert(s) can be
assigned to multiple sectors
Multiple users can work on the same inventory at the same time
14. Inventory creation
The inventory follows the structure and format of the agreed CRF tables (annexed
to decision 24/CP.19)
Creating a new inventory preserves the data contained in the previous inventory
Role of NIC can configure the properties of the inventory by selecting the sector(s)
and inventory years for reporting in an inventory
15. Inventory compilation – Data entry (manual entry)
Input only for AD and emissions (white cells)
Data entry by multiple users (NIC, experts)
Real-time saving
Propagation of notation keys
Overwriting formulas
16. Inventory compilation – Data entry (Excel import)
Input only for AD and emissions (white cells)
Data can be imported for a single category or sector or an entire inventory
Possibility to work offline
17. Inventory compilation – Data entry (XML import)
Party X
XML import allows the interoperability with the national systems
Bulk data import can be done for the entire inventory
18. Inventory compilation – Automatic calculation
Implied emission factors
Aggregations
Conversion to CO2 equivalent
20. Internal review – QC procedures (e.g., Completeness check)
Completeness of the data entry status for each
year of an inventory using the traffic light system
• Green – required information is complete
• Orange – only partial data available in the
data entry grid
• Red – no information available in the data
entry grid
22. Key features of the CRF Reporter (1)
Follows the structure and format of the agreed CRF tables for Annex I
Parties (annexed to decision 24/CP.19)
Allows multiple users working in parallel
Performs automatic population of summary and trend tables based on
sectoral background tables
Has built-in functionality to perform automatic calculations
Aggregation of emissions and AD data at higher category levels
Implied emission factors
Key category analysis (Tier 1)
Recalculation differences at category level
CO2 equivalent (using GWPs from Annex I reporting guidelines)
23. Key features of the CRF Reporter (2)
Propagates notation keys
Allows overwriting cells with embedded formulas in certain categories in
order to report data at a less disaggregated level
Supports data entry offline (through the use of Excel and XML import)
Has built-in functionality to perform certain QA/QC procedures
Enables interoperability with other systems (through the use of an XML
schema)
Ability to copy previous inventories prepared within the CRF Reporter
24. CRF Reporter for developing country Parties
SBSTA 50 “invited developing country Parties to request access to the
CRF Reporter and requested the secretariat to facilitate access to and use
of the CRF Reporter”
The secretariat prepared a separate environment as a “playground”
https://crfnaitest.unfccc.int/crfapp/
In order to request access for getting familiar to the CRF Reporter
Request your NFP to nominate a person for the role of National Inventory
Compiler (NIC) by sending email to crfweb@unfccc.int
Secretariat will provide access to the NIC
NIC can add/edit/disable users within the Party
Users can start using the CRF Reporter