Total production-related waste and disposal or other releases in the US increased from 2012-2013 according to a TRI National Analysis. Total waste managed increased 4% to 25.6 billion pounds, while total releases increased 15% to 4.1 billion pounds primarily due to increases in metal mining. Air releases increased slightly while land disposal rose significantly for certain industries like metal mining. The report also included new expanded analyses on risk, greenhouse gas emissions, and community impacts.
Tracking the effects of China's air pollution winter action plan - April updateLauri Myllyvirta
During winter 2017-2018, China implemented an ambitious action plan to tackle winter smog episodes. This presentation looks at the impacts of that action plan on air quality inside and outside the target region, breaks down the impact of policy and favorable weather conditions, and looks at what might be next for China's battle against air pollution.
Vehicle Interior Air Quality - Douglas BookerIES / IAQM
National Air Quality Testing Services (NAQTS) is a social business that develops portable air quality monitoring devices like the NAQTS V2000 to improve awareness of air quality. The NAQTS V2000 can monitor ultrafine particles, gases, temperature, humidity and more. NAQTS has conducted research on vehicle interior air quality using the V2000, finding significant variability in pollutant ingress across vehicles and that interior emissions also contribute to poor air quality inside vehicles. Mobile monitoring studies have shown "hotspots" of air pollution can change location over time. More independent research is still needed to better inform consumers about vehicle interior air quality.
How Molecular filters work - NO2 removal for City air - Peter DymentIES / IAQM
This document discusses air pollution from traffic emissions and solutions for cleaning indoor air in buildings. It outlines the health risks posed by particulate matter (PM1) and nitrogen dioxide from outdoor air. New standards for testing particle and molecular air filters can ensure filters with over 95% efficiency are used in HVAC systems. These standards provide a means to select filters that clean indoor air and protect public health in cities.
Indoor Air Quality in Low Carbon Buildings: A cross-sectoral analysis - Esfan...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes a presentation on indoor air quality in new low-carbon buildings in the UK. It finds that energy efficiency improvements can have unintended consequences for indoor air quality. A cross-sectoral study of schools, hospitals, offices and apartments found indoor pollution levels exceeding guidelines, especially for PM and NO2. Measures like improved ventilation strategies and source control are needed to provide better indoor air quality while achieving energy efficiency.
Trends in NO₂ and NOx concentrations across the UK - Professor Duncan LaxenIES / IAQM
This document summarizes trends in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations across the United Kingdom from 2005 to 2018. It finds that overall trends showed a 1.82% per year reduction in NO2 and a 1.86% per year reduction in NOx from 2005 to 2018, with faster reductions of 3.11% per year for NO2 and 3.04% per year for NOx from 2010 to 2018. However, around 20-30% of sites still did not show a statistically significant downward trend. The trends varied between different types of sites, with generally faster reductions at rural sites compared to urban and road sites. While national projections of roadside NO2 trends seem accurate so
Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ) - Nick HewittIES / IAQM
This document discusses how green infrastructure can be used to improve urban air quality. It notes that air pollution is a major health risk globally and that green infrastructure may help by reducing pollution sources, extending pollution pathways, and protecting receptors. Specifically, green infrastructure can enhance deposition of pollutants and create "green oases" with cleaner air if designed properly with large surface areas and small air volumes. However, the effectiveness of green infrastructure depends on the type used, pollution sources, urban form, and wind conditions. Vegetation may also emit biogenic vapors leading to secondary pollution downwind.
In Chhattisgarh, Raipur-Durg-Bhilai (RDB) tri-city area hosts the state's new administrative capital, interconnected by an expressway forming the industrial corridor and is one of the largest steel manufacturing hubs in India. Between 1998 and 2016, the satellite and global model data-derived concentrations show a 50% increase in the overall PM2.5 pollution in the region.
European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018- executive summaryEuropean Aluminium
The European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018 covers the environmental impact of the entire aluminium value chain in Europe, from metal supply - primary and recycling - to semi-fabrication - rolling, foil and extrusion. Based on 2015 production data collected from our members, the report provides accurate and reliable data on aluminium industry’s environmental performance in Europe and Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the key process steps essential for calculating the environmental impact of products using aluminium.
The 2015 data demonstrate strong improvement by the industry. First, the environmental impact of the primary production has decreased significantly (by 21 percent for Global Warming Potential) while the environmental performance of the primary aluminium consumed in Europe has remained stable. For the semi-fabrication (rolling and extrusion) and the recycling industry, there has been a strong improvement in the environmental performance of those processes in Europe.
The full report is available upon request.
Tracking the effects of China's air pollution winter action plan - April updateLauri Myllyvirta
During winter 2017-2018, China implemented an ambitious action plan to tackle winter smog episodes. This presentation looks at the impacts of that action plan on air quality inside and outside the target region, breaks down the impact of policy and favorable weather conditions, and looks at what might be next for China's battle against air pollution.
Vehicle Interior Air Quality - Douglas BookerIES / IAQM
National Air Quality Testing Services (NAQTS) is a social business that develops portable air quality monitoring devices like the NAQTS V2000 to improve awareness of air quality. The NAQTS V2000 can monitor ultrafine particles, gases, temperature, humidity and more. NAQTS has conducted research on vehicle interior air quality using the V2000, finding significant variability in pollutant ingress across vehicles and that interior emissions also contribute to poor air quality inside vehicles. Mobile monitoring studies have shown "hotspots" of air pollution can change location over time. More independent research is still needed to better inform consumers about vehicle interior air quality.
How Molecular filters work - NO2 removal for City air - Peter DymentIES / IAQM
This document discusses air pollution from traffic emissions and solutions for cleaning indoor air in buildings. It outlines the health risks posed by particulate matter (PM1) and nitrogen dioxide from outdoor air. New standards for testing particle and molecular air filters can ensure filters with over 95% efficiency are used in HVAC systems. These standards provide a means to select filters that clean indoor air and protect public health in cities.
Indoor Air Quality in Low Carbon Buildings: A cross-sectoral analysis - Esfan...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes a presentation on indoor air quality in new low-carbon buildings in the UK. It finds that energy efficiency improvements can have unintended consequences for indoor air quality. A cross-sectoral study of schools, hospitals, offices and apartments found indoor pollution levels exceeding guidelines, especially for PM and NO2. Measures like improved ventilation strategies and source control are needed to provide better indoor air quality while achieving energy efficiency.
Trends in NO₂ and NOx concentrations across the UK - Professor Duncan LaxenIES / IAQM
This document summarizes trends in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations across the United Kingdom from 2005 to 2018. It finds that overall trends showed a 1.82% per year reduction in NO2 and a 1.86% per year reduction in NOx from 2005 to 2018, with faster reductions of 3.11% per year for NO2 and 3.04% per year for NOx from 2010 to 2018. However, around 20-30% of sites still did not show a statistically significant downward trend. The trends varied between different types of sites, with generally faster reductions at rural sites compared to urban and road sites. While national projections of roadside NO2 trends seem accurate so
Using green infrastructure to improve urban air quality (GI4AQ) - Nick HewittIES / IAQM
This document discusses how green infrastructure can be used to improve urban air quality. It notes that air pollution is a major health risk globally and that green infrastructure may help by reducing pollution sources, extending pollution pathways, and protecting receptors. Specifically, green infrastructure can enhance deposition of pollutants and create "green oases" with cleaner air if designed properly with large surface areas and small air volumes. However, the effectiveness of green infrastructure depends on the type used, pollution sources, urban form, and wind conditions. Vegetation may also emit biogenic vapors leading to secondary pollution downwind.
In Chhattisgarh, Raipur-Durg-Bhilai (RDB) tri-city area hosts the state's new administrative capital, interconnected by an expressway forming the industrial corridor and is one of the largest steel manufacturing hubs in India. Between 1998 and 2016, the satellite and global model data-derived concentrations show a 50% increase in the overall PM2.5 pollution in the region.
European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018- executive summaryEuropean Aluminium
The European Aluminium Environmental Profile Report 2018 covers the environmental impact of the entire aluminium value chain in Europe, from metal supply - primary and recycling - to semi-fabrication - rolling, foil and extrusion. Based on 2015 production data collected from our members, the report provides accurate and reliable data on aluminium industry’s environmental performance in Europe and Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the key process steps essential for calculating the environmental impact of products using aluminium.
The 2015 data demonstrate strong improvement by the industry. First, the environmental impact of the primary production has decreased significantly (by 21 percent for Global Warming Potential) while the environmental performance of the primary aluminium consumed in Europe has remained stable. For the semi-fabrication (rolling and extrusion) and the recycling industry, there has been a strong improvement in the environmental performance of those processes in Europe.
The full report is available upon request.
Some thoughts on future air quality issues - Professor Martin WilliamsIES / IAQM
Professor Martin Williams discusses several issues related to future air quality in the UK and Europe. He outlines challenges in meeting commitments in the UK Clean Air Strategy and uncertainties around the effectiveness of clean air zones and real-world vehicle emissions. Williams also notes potential antagonisms between climate change policies aimed at reducing CO2 and air quality if measures like increased biomass burning are not properly managed. He summarizes upcoming changes to WHO air quality guidelines and uncertainties following Brexit regarding environmental regulations and oversight.
London’s approach to cleaning the air: Integrated Air Quality policies - Step...IES / IAQM
London is taking an integrated approach to improving air quality through policies that reduce emissions from traffic, buildings, and other sources. The strategies aim to make London's air the cleanest of any major world city by 2050. This will require continued emission reductions from various sectors as London's population grows. The plans include expanding ultra-low emission zones, promoting hybrid/electric buses and taxis, tighter emissions standards for construction equipment, and designing developments to minimize pollution exposure and accommodate low-emission energy and transport.
Update on German city measures to control (diesel) vehicle emissions - Martin...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes an update on measures taken in Berlin, Germany to control diesel emissions and improve air quality. It discusses the legal pressure to reduce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, which exceed limits due to road traffic emissions. It outlines Berlin's air quality challenges and sources of NO2. It also summarizes national initiatives in Germany to address non-compliance, including efforts to facilitate diesel retrofits and alternative fuel infrastructure. Local measures that could help reduce NO2 in Berlin are modeled, but challenges in achieving compliance by 2020 through mobility and transport planning measures alone are noted. Immediate restrictions on diesel vehicles with high emissions may be necessary on polluted roads.
This document provides an overview of the Federal Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. It explains that the rule requires facilities in certain industry sectors that emit over 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per year to report their greenhouse gas emissions to the EPA. The document summarizes the various categories of facilities that must report, greenhouse gases covered by the rule, and methodology for calculating emissions. It also provides background information on greenhouse gases and climate change policy.
Nitrogen deposition: exploring strategic approaches from policy to modelling ...IES / IAQM
This document discusses strategic approaches to addressing nitrogen deposition from air pollution. It outlines the UK's goals to improve air quality and habitat protection. Methods discussed include emission regulations, monitoring of pollution effects, and providing guidance and incentives to reduce ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions. The document also notes that most protected habitats in England exceed critical nitrogen loads and emphasizes the need for national emission reductions complemented by local mitigation efforts and habitat restoration. Modeling approaches could better account for emission reductions from policies and local mitigation projects.
AERIUS: The calculation instrument of the Dutch integrated approach to Nitrog...IES / IAQM
1) AERIUS is an open source software tool developed in the Netherlands to support an integrated approach for environmental studies focusing on nitrogen.
2) It combines atmospheric transport modeling, ecological assessments, and reporting to evaluate policy decisions and issue permits while being easy for users.
3) AERIUS assessments can be done at local, regional, and national scales to analyze nitrogen impacts and support various decision-making processes.
IRJET- Vehicular Exhaust Emission Estimation and Control ModellingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling vehicular exhaust emissions and methods for controlling emissions. It discusses the health and environmental impacts of emissions such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Methods for estimating emissions include software models like MOBILE-6 and COPERT 4, which take parameters like vehicle type and speed to calculate emission rates. The document also reviews technologies for reducing emissions, such as three-way catalytic converters. Standards for air pollutants in India are outlined and motivation for studying emission control is discussed.
The first Real Driving Emissions results, consequences for Euro 6 diesels and...IES / IAQM
The document discusses the issues surrounding real-world diesel emissions and proposes solutions. It finds that while cleaner diesels exist, many Euro 6 diesels still emit significantly more NOx than their emission standards. This has led to consumer confusion and distrust. It also discusses how the independent testing organization Emissions Analytics has built a large emissions database, but more is needed. The document proposes that Emissions Analytics works with the new independent non-profit organization AIR to make the data and testing methodology open and help cities take effective action to improve air quality.
Real world measurements of ammonia emissions from vehicles - Rebecca RoseIES / IAQM
- Ammonia emissions from petrol vehicles are higher than diesel vehicles due to three-way catalysts, with older petrol vehicles emitting more.
- Ammonia emissions from diesel vehicles have increased with the widespread adoption of selective catalytic reduction technology to meet lower NOx limits.
- Cold starts result in significantly higher ammonia emissions from petrol vehicles than hot exhaust emissions, important for urban air quality.
- While ammonia emissions from road transport are declining due to cleaner petrol vehicles, they may rise again with more diesel vehicles using SCR and unknown aging effects on new models.
The new Clean Air Strategy and national policy context - Lee DaviesIES / IAQM
The document outlines the UK government's Clean Air Strategy and commitments to improve air quality. It discusses plans to publish a final Clean Air Strategy by the end of 2018, reduce pollution from vehicles through the Road to Zero strategy, and provide funding to help local authorities address nitrogen dioxide concentrations. The strategy also aims to prohibit the most polluting domestic fuels and strengthen powers to address air pollution issues.
Recent Regulatory Initiatives Concerning Greenhouse GasesAll4 Inc.
The document summarizes recent US EPA regulatory initiatives concerning greenhouse gases:
1) The mandatory GHG reporting rule requires annual reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from certain industrial sources over threshold levels.
2) The GHG tailoring rule phases in permitting requirements for new and modified sources with greenhouse gas emissions over thresholds between 2011-2016 to prevent a dramatic increase in permits.
3) Facilities face new permitting and reporting requirements to account for greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency assessments may be required.
Well Building Standard & Workplace Air quality - Chris BirchIES / IAQM
Hilson Moran is a leading building services and environmental engineering consultancy in the UK with over 40 years of experience. They have adopted the WELL Building Standard to improve the health and wellbeing of occupants in the buildings they work in. The WELL standard addresses seven concepts related to health and wellbeing through buildings - air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort and mind. For air quality, the standard has preconditions around ventilation rates, VOC reduction and air quality standards, and optimisations include air monitoring and flush systems. Hilson Moran has implemented air monitoring in their offices which has helped identify issues like electrical failures impacting ventilation.
1) The document describes an urban greenhouse gas monitoring program in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada, which has a population of over 7 million people and aims for ambitious emission reduction targets.
2) The program utilizes various atmospheric observation techniques including total column measurements from ground-based sites and mobile surveys to measure gases like CO2, CH4, and CO to better understand urban emissions.
3) Preliminary findings show the program can detect changes in atmospheric CO2 levels associated with reduced traffic and activity during COVID lockdowns, demonstrating its ability to track policy-driven emission changes over time.
Global Adipic Acid Market To Surpass US$ 12.12 Billion By 2025, Buoyed By Inc...Pareesh P
Adipic acid finds wide application in various industries such as electrical & electronics, automotive, consumer goods, wires & cables, packaging films & coatings, and appliances. Rampant growth of these end-use industries, in turn creates a highly conducive environment for growth of the adipic acid market.
https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/adipic-acid-market-318
25 Years of Air Quality Management - Intended and Unintended Consequences - B...IES / IAQM
- The document discusses the history of air quality management in the UK from 1996-2018 and the use of modeling to evaluate air pollution levels and impacts of policies.
- It summarizes the development of the local air quality management framework and use of modeling tools over time to understand pollution on roads like Marylebone Road in London.
- It evaluates the impact of proposed Clean Air Zones and actions plans in reducing NO2 and NOx emissions and improving health, but notes ongoing uncertainties and limitations of the modeling approaches used.
The document describes a study that used an environmentally extended input-output model to calculate the consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions of 79 C40 cities. The study accounted for GHG emissions from household energy use, private transportation, and supply chain emissions associated with goods and services consumed by city residents. The consumption-based approach excludes GHG emissions from visitor activities and goods/services exported from the city. The methodology is consistent with PAS 2070 for assessing city GHG emissions and uses sector-based GHG inventory data supplemented with additional information.
Carbon 101: Carbon accounting for hospitalsGraham Takata
This document provides an overview of carbon footprinting and accounting for hospitals. It discusses the political landscape around climate change in Canada and Ontario and outlines Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan and regulations. It explains why carbon accounting and footprinting are important for hospitals given their high energy use. The document reviews the Greenhouse Gas Protocol methodology and how it can be applied to set a baseline inventory and measure impact. It provides examples of emission reduction opportunities in hospitals and guidance on communicating results.
Carbon Accounting in the Tourism Sector | Rachel Dunk & Steven Gillespieicarb
This document summarizes a workshop on carbon accounting in the tourism sector. The workshop will include introductions and presentations on the global context of tourism and carbon emissions as well as targets, standards and methodologies for carbon accounting. It will discuss key questions around developing carbon accounting rules for the Scottish tourism industry. The workshop is part of the Initiative for Carbon Accounting in Scotland, which aims to create consistent carbon accounting rules across the Scottish economy.
South Africa has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. To help achieve these targets, the country implemented a carbon tax in 2019. The tax applies to large emitters above certain thresholds. It covers emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes, and fugitive sources. The tax rate is initially set at 120 Rand per tonne of CO2 equivalent and will increase annually. Taxpayers must calculate their tax liability based on their reported greenhouse gas emissions. Various allowances are provided to reduce the tax burden. The South African Revenue Service administers the carbon tax through existing excise processes.
The document provides an overview of environmental pollution across different media (air, water, land) in the United States. It discusses key air pollutants like criteria air pollutants and their trends over time. It also summarizes water pollution sources from point and nonpoint discharges, as well as trends in water quality. The document further outlines the US EPA Toxics Release Inventory and reporting requirements, and touches on industrial and municipal solid waste generation and management.
The document provides an overview of environmental pollution across various media such as air, water, and land. It discusses key topics like criteria air pollutants, trends in national emissions, water pollution sources from point and nonpoint discharge, assessments of water quality, the toxic release inventory for reporting industrial chemicals, and classifications of industrial and municipal solid waste. Additional EPA resources are also referenced for further information.
Some thoughts on future air quality issues - Professor Martin WilliamsIES / IAQM
Professor Martin Williams discusses several issues related to future air quality in the UK and Europe. He outlines challenges in meeting commitments in the UK Clean Air Strategy and uncertainties around the effectiveness of clean air zones and real-world vehicle emissions. Williams also notes potential antagonisms between climate change policies aimed at reducing CO2 and air quality if measures like increased biomass burning are not properly managed. He summarizes upcoming changes to WHO air quality guidelines and uncertainties following Brexit regarding environmental regulations and oversight.
London’s approach to cleaning the air: Integrated Air Quality policies - Step...IES / IAQM
London is taking an integrated approach to improving air quality through policies that reduce emissions from traffic, buildings, and other sources. The strategies aim to make London's air the cleanest of any major world city by 2050. This will require continued emission reductions from various sectors as London's population grows. The plans include expanding ultra-low emission zones, promoting hybrid/electric buses and taxis, tighter emissions standards for construction equipment, and designing developments to minimize pollution exposure and accommodate low-emission energy and transport.
Update on German city measures to control (diesel) vehicle emissions - Martin...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes an update on measures taken in Berlin, Germany to control diesel emissions and improve air quality. It discusses the legal pressure to reduce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, which exceed limits due to road traffic emissions. It outlines Berlin's air quality challenges and sources of NO2. It also summarizes national initiatives in Germany to address non-compliance, including efforts to facilitate diesel retrofits and alternative fuel infrastructure. Local measures that could help reduce NO2 in Berlin are modeled, but challenges in achieving compliance by 2020 through mobility and transport planning measures alone are noted. Immediate restrictions on diesel vehicles with high emissions may be necessary on polluted roads.
This document provides an overview of the Federal Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. It explains that the rule requires facilities in certain industry sectors that emit over 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per year to report their greenhouse gas emissions to the EPA. The document summarizes the various categories of facilities that must report, greenhouse gases covered by the rule, and methodology for calculating emissions. It also provides background information on greenhouse gases and climate change policy.
Nitrogen deposition: exploring strategic approaches from policy to modelling ...IES / IAQM
This document discusses strategic approaches to addressing nitrogen deposition from air pollution. It outlines the UK's goals to improve air quality and habitat protection. Methods discussed include emission regulations, monitoring of pollution effects, and providing guidance and incentives to reduce ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions. The document also notes that most protected habitats in England exceed critical nitrogen loads and emphasizes the need for national emission reductions complemented by local mitigation efforts and habitat restoration. Modeling approaches could better account for emission reductions from policies and local mitigation projects.
AERIUS: The calculation instrument of the Dutch integrated approach to Nitrog...IES / IAQM
1) AERIUS is an open source software tool developed in the Netherlands to support an integrated approach for environmental studies focusing on nitrogen.
2) It combines atmospheric transport modeling, ecological assessments, and reporting to evaluate policy decisions and issue permits while being easy for users.
3) AERIUS assessments can be done at local, regional, and national scales to analyze nitrogen impacts and support various decision-making processes.
IRJET- Vehicular Exhaust Emission Estimation and Control ModellingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on modeling vehicular exhaust emissions and methods for controlling emissions. It discusses the health and environmental impacts of emissions such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Methods for estimating emissions include software models like MOBILE-6 and COPERT 4, which take parameters like vehicle type and speed to calculate emission rates. The document also reviews technologies for reducing emissions, such as three-way catalytic converters. Standards for air pollutants in India are outlined and motivation for studying emission control is discussed.
The first Real Driving Emissions results, consequences for Euro 6 diesels and...IES / IAQM
The document discusses the issues surrounding real-world diesel emissions and proposes solutions. It finds that while cleaner diesels exist, many Euro 6 diesels still emit significantly more NOx than their emission standards. This has led to consumer confusion and distrust. It also discusses how the independent testing organization Emissions Analytics has built a large emissions database, but more is needed. The document proposes that Emissions Analytics works with the new independent non-profit organization AIR to make the data and testing methodology open and help cities take effective action to improve air quality.
Real world measurements of ammonia emissions from vehicles - Rebecca RoseIES / IAQM
- Ammonia emissions from petrol vehicles are higher than diesel vehicles due to three-way catalysts, with older petrol vehicles emitting more.
- Ammonia emissions from diesel vehicles have increased with the widespread adoption of selective catalytic reduction technology to meet lower NOx limits.
- Cold starts result in significantly higher ammonia emissions from petrol vehicles than hot exhaust emissions, important for urban air quality.
- While ammonia emissions from road transport are declining due to cleaner petrol vehicles, they may rise again with more diesel vehicles using SCR and unknown aging effects on new models.
The new Clean Air Strategy and national policy context - Lee DaviesIES / IAQM
The document outlines the UK government's Clean Air Strategy and commitments to improve air quality. It discusses plans to publish a final Clean Air Strategy by the end of 2018, reduce pollution from vehicles through the Road to Zero strategy, and provide funding to help local authorities address nitrogen dioxide concentrations. The strategy also aims to prohibit the most polluting domestic fuels and strengthen powers to address air pollution issues.
Recent Regulatory Initiatives Concerning Greenhouse GasesAll4 Inc.
The document summarizes recent US EPA regulatory initiatives concerning greenhouse gases:
1) The mandatory GHG reporting rule requires annual reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from certain industrial sources over threshold levels.
2) The GHG tailoring rule phases in permitting requirements for new and modified sources with greenhouse gas emissions over thresholds between 2011-2016 to prevent a dramatic increase in permits.
3) Facilities face new permitting and reporting requirements to account for greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency assessments may be required.
Well Building Standard & Workplace Air quality - Chris BirchIES / IAQM
Hilson Moran is a leading building services and environmental engineering consultancy in the UK with over 40 years of experience. They have adopted the WELL Building Standard to improve the health and wellbeing of occupants in the buildings they work in. The WELL standard addresses seven concepts related to health and wellbeing through buildings - air, water, nourishment, light, fitness, comfort and mind. For air quality, the standard has preconditions around ventilation rates, VOC reduction and air quality standards, and optimisations include air monitoring and flush systems. Hilson Moran has implemented air monitoring in their offices which has helped identify issues like electrical failures impacting ventilation.
1) The document describes an urban greenhouse gas monitoring program in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada, which has a population of over 7 million people and aims for ambitious emission reduction targets.
2) The program utilizes various atmospheric observation techniques including total column measurements from ground-based sites and mobile surveys to measure gases like CO2, CH4, and CO to better understand urban emissions.
3) Preliminary findings show the program can detect changes in atmospheric CO2 levels associated with reduced traffic and activity during COVID lockdowns, demonstrating its ability to track policy-driven emission changes over time.
Global Adipic Acid Market To Surpass US$ 12.12 Billion By 2025, Buoyed By Inc...Pareesh P
Adipic acid finds wide application in various industries such as electrical & electronics, automotive, consumer goods, wires & cables, packaging films & coatings, and appliances. Rampant growth of these end-use industries, in turn creates a highly conducive environment for growth of the adipic acid market.
https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/adipic-acid-market-318
25 Years of Air Quality Management - Intended and Unintended Consequences - B...IES / IAQM
- The document discusses the history of air quality management in the UK from 1996-2018 and the use of modeling to evaluate air pollution levels and impacts of policies.
- It summarizes the development of the local air quality management framework and use of modeling tools over time to understand pollution on roads like Marylebone Road in London.
- It evaluates the impact of proposed Clean Air Zones and actions plans in reducing NO2 and NOx emissions and improving health, but notes ongoing uncertainties and limitations of the modeling approaches used.
The document describes a study that used an environmentally extended input-output model to calculate the consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions of 79 C40 cities. The study accounted for GHG emissions from household energy use, private transportation, and supply chain emissions associated with goods and services consumed by city residents. The consumption-based approach excludes GHG emissions from visitor activities and goods/services exported from the city. The methodology is consistent with PAS 2070 for assessing city GHG emissions and uses sector-based GHG inventory data supplemented with additional information.
Carbon 101: Carbon accounting for hospitalsGraham Takata
This document provides an overview of carbon footprinting and accounting for hospitals. It discusses the political landscape around climate change in Canada and Ontario and outlines Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan and regulations. It explains why carbon accounting and footprinting are important for hospitals given their high energy use. The document reviews the Greenhouse Gas Protocol methodology and how it can be applied to set a baseline inventory and measure impact. It provides examples of emission reduction opportunities in hospitals and guidance on communicating results.
Carbon Accounting in the Tourism Sector | Rachel Dunk & Steven Gillespieicarb
This document summarizes a workshop on carbon accounting in the tourism sector. The workshop will include introductions and presentations on the global context of tourism and carbon emissions as well as targets, standards and methodologies for carbon accounting. It will discuss key questions around developing carbon accounting rules for the Scottish tourism industry. The workshop is part of the Initiative for Carbon Accounting in Scotland, which aims to create consistent carbon accounting rules across the Scottish economy.
South Africa has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. To help achieve these targets, the country implemented a carbon tax in 2019. The tax applies to large emitters above certain thresholds. It covers emissions from fuel combustion, industrial processes, and fugitive sources. The tax rate is initially set at 120 Rand per tonne of CO2 equivalent and will increase annually. Taxpayers must calculate their tax liability based on their reported greenhouse gas emissions. Various allowances are provided to reduce the tax burden. The South African Revenue Service administers the carbon tax through existing excise processes.
The document provides an overview of environmental pollution across different media (air, water, land) in the United States. It discusses key air pollutants like criteria air pollutants and their trends over time. It also summarizes water pollution sources from point and nonpoint discharges, as well as trends in water quality. The document further outlines the US EPA Toxics Release Inventory and reporting requirements, and touches on industrial and municipal solid waste generation and management.
The document provides an overview of environmental pollution across various media such as air, water, and land. It discusses key topics like criteria air pollutants, trends in national emissions, water pollution sources from point and nonpoint discharge, assessments of water quality, the toxic release inventory for reporting industrial chemicals, and classifications of industrial and municipal solid waste. Additional EPA resources are also referenced for further information.
The document provides an overview of environmental pollution across different media (air, water, land) in the United States. It discusses the main air pollutants and trends in national emissions of criteria air pollutants from 1970 to 1999. It also summarizes water pollution sources, pollutants impairing water quality, and toxic release inventory data reporting. Finally, it briefly outlines industrial waste generation and the definition of municipal solid waste.
The document provides an overview of environmental pollution across various media such as air, water, and land. It discusses key topics like criteria air pollutants, trends in national emissions, water pollution sources from point and nonpoint discharge, assessments of water quality, the toxic release inventory for reporting industrial chemicals, and classifications of industrial and municipal solid waste. Additional EPA resources are also referenced for further information.
This document provides an overview of environmental pollution across various media, including air, water, and land. It discusses key air pollutants like criteria air pollutants and their trends over time. It also summarizes water pollution sources from both point sources like sewage plants and non-point sources like agricultural and urban runoff. Additionally, the document outlines the US EPA Toxics Release Inventory and trends in industrial and municipal solid waste generation.
This document provides an overview of environmental pollution across various media such as air, water, and land. It discusses key topics like criteria air pollutants, trends in national emissions, water pollution sources from both point and nonpoint discharge, toxic release inventory reporting requirements, industrial and municipal solid waste generation. Charts and graphs are included to illustrate trends over time for factors impacting air and water quality.
This document provides an overview of environmental pollution across various media such as air, water, and land. It discusses key topics like criteria air pollutants, trends in national emissions, water pollution sources from both point and nonpoint discharge, toxic release inventory reporting requirements, industrial and municipal solid waste generation. Charts and graphs are included to illustrate emissions data and pollution trends over time. Additional EPA resources are listed for further information on air, water, and waste issues.
This document provides an overview of environmental pollution issues related to air, water, and land in the United States. It discusses key air pollutants like ozone, particulate matter, and their health impacts. Trend data shows improvements in air quality since 1970 due to emissions reductions. Water pollution sources include industrial discharges, agricultural and urban runoff. The Toxics Release Inventory tracks toxic chemical releases reported by industries. Additional resources for further information are also provided.
CCXG Workshop, February 2021, Nashib Kefle and Tomo AizawaOECD Environment
The document provides an overview of the CRF (Common Reporting Format) system used by parties to report greenhouse gas inventories to the UNFCCC. It discusses the CRF tables, which consist of 49 sector-specific tables to report emissions data at the most disaggregated level. The CRF Reporter software is used to generate the CRF tables from the inventory data and perform functions like automatic aggregation, calculations of implied emission factors, and key category analysis. The summary tables include overviews of emissions by gas and totals in CO2 equivalents, along with methods and emission factors used and recalculation tables.
This document provides an overview of environmental pollution issues related to air, water, and land in the United States. It discusses key air pollutants like ozone, particulate matter, and their health impacts. Trend data shows improvements in air quality but many still live in nonattainment areas. Water pollution sources include point sources like wastewater and nonpoint sources like agricultural and urban runoff. The Toxics Release Inventory tracks industrial chemical releases and transfers. Additional resources for further information are provided.
The document discusses how changes in Ontario's electrical sector may impact air quality and human health. Specifically, it analyzes how increasing reliance on coal-fired power plants due to the Nuclear Asset Optimization Plan and the introduction of competition in the electricity market could worsen air pollution issues like acid rain, smog, and global climate change by increasing emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide. It recommends regulatory actions like establishing emissions caps and promoting renewable energy to mitigate these potential negative effects.
Do not include any personal information as all posted material on this site is considered to be part of a public record as defined by section 27 of the Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.
We reserve the right to remove inappropriate comments. Please see Terms of Use for City of Toronto Social Media Sites at http://www.toronto.ca/e-updates/termsofuse.htm.
Building and Industry Decarbonization Scenarios using EPA's TIMES models: COM...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes key findings from the Energy Modeling Forum Study #37 on pathways to achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the United States by 2050. Models in the study reached net-zero primarily through electrification, reductions in fossil fuel use, and reliance on carbon dioxide removal technologies. Decarbonizing the industrial sector, including technologies like direct reduced iron with hydrogen for steel production, presents challenges to model and requires consideration of impacts beyond just carbon emissions.
Shen Ao coal power plant expansion - health impactsLauri Myllyvirta
This document discusses the significant health impacts of air pollution from coal-fired power plants. It notes that air pollution is now the world's largest environmental health risk, and that emissions from coal power generation are linked to increased rates of lung cancer, stroke, heart and respiratory disease. While "clean coal" aims to reduce emissions, the technologies do not eliminate health risks and coal plants still emit far more pollution than other fuel sources. The proposed Shen Ao power plant in Taiwan would increase air pollution exposure for 10 million people and result in dozens of premature deaths per year. Global trends also show many countries and cities phasing out coal due to health and economic concerns.
This document covers various topics relating to environmental sustainability including air pollution, water pollution, toxic release inventory, and solid waste. It provides data on national emissions of air pollutants from 1970-1999 and trends over time. It also discusses sources of point source and nonpoint source water pollution, and pollutants impairing water quality. Statistics are given on toxic chemicals reported through the Toxics Release Inventory and amounts released on-site, transferred off-site, and in total waste. The document concludes with additional resources on these topics from the EPA website.
Linking the energy crisis with climate change, Ritu Mathu, TERI University, I...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
This document outlines the characteristics and pollution loads of wastewater from various industries. It discusses the types and sources of industrial wastewater, as well as the typical pollutant levels found in wastewater from food, oil and gas, pulp and paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. It also covers problems associated with industrial wastewater pollution such as outdated technologies, lack of treatment, and inefficient treatment.
This document provides an overview of various types of air, water, and solid waste pollution. It discusses the key criteria air pollutants regulated by the EPA and trends in emissions reductions. It also examines water pollution sources like agricultural and urban runoff. The document outlines the US EPA Toxics Release Inventory program and reports data on industrial toxic chemical releases and transfers. Finally, it briefly discusses industrial waste and municipal solid waste generation.
The document summarizes the experiences from Japan's PRTR pilot project conducted from 1997-2001. It describes stakeholder engagement with PRTR reporting during the pilot period. It provides details on the project's preparations, including the roles of various working groups. It then outlines the reporting format used, trends in reporting facilities and coverage over time, and developments to the framework. The document also discusses main issues identified during the pilot project and achievements, as well as remaining issues for the government.
This document provides an overview of COWI, a leading consulting firm in engineering, environmental science, and economics. It discusses COWI's waste management services, including municipal solid waste planning, hazardous waste management, and waste-to-energy. COWI has over 6,000 employees working in multiple regions around the world. The document also highlights COWI's experience with thermal waste treatment facilities and references several waste-to-energy plants in Denmark and other countries.
Similar to 2013 TRI National Analysis_Public_Webinar_Briefing (20)
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
2. Key Messages
• Total production-related waste increased 4% from 2012-2013
– All pollution prevention activities increased
– 2013: Of 25.6 billion pounds of waste managed, 21.6 billion pounds (84%) were not
released due to preferred waste management practices like recycling.
• Total disposal or other releases increased 15% from 2012-2013
– Land disposal increased – Metal mines
– Air releases increased – Electric utilities and chemical manufacturing
– Some industries, including primary metals and hazardous waste/solvent recovery,
decreased
– 2013: Of the 4 billion lbs released, 2.7 billion lbs (66%) were released to land and 780
million lbs (19%) were released to air
• New this year:
– Transition to web-based format
– Expanded analyses on risk, DMR, GHG, and emergency response information
– Expanded focus on community-level analysis
– More P2 information
2
3. Trends – Total Waste Managed
• 2013: Total waste managed was 25.6 billion lbs
• 2003-2013: Waste managed decreased by 4% (1.04 million lbs)
• 2012-2013: Waste managed increased by 4% (911 million lbs)
– Recycling increased 3% (293 million lbs)
– Energy Recovery remained the same (change of <0.04%)
– Treatment increased 3% (273 million lbs)
– Releases increased 9% (344 million lbs)
• In 2013, a total of 3,362 facilities (16% of all TRI facilities) reported initiating 10,623 source
reduction activities
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NumberofFacilities
MillionsofPounds
Year
Production-Related Waste Managed, 2003-2013
Recycled
Energy Recovery
Treated
Disposed or Otherwise Released
Reporting Facilities
3
4. Trends – Total Releases
• 2013: Total releases was 4.1 billion pounds
• 2012-2013: Total releases increased by 15% (528 million lbs)
– Driver: On-site releases increasing by 17% due primarily to metal mining
– Total releases increased by only 0.4% if you exclude metal mining
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Year
Disposal or Other Releases, 2003-2013
On-site Air Releases On-site Surface Water Discharges
On-site Land Disposal Off-site Disposal or Other Releases
4
5. Releases by Environmental Media
Changes from 2012:
• Total on-site releases increased
17% (531 million lbs)
– On-site land disposal increased
24% (525 million lbs)
• Barium, arsenic, and lead
compounds from metal mines
– On-site air releases increased 1%
(10 million lbs)
• Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric
acid from electric utilities
• Methanol, ethylene, and
ammonia from chemical
manufacturing
– On-site surface water discharges
decreased 2% (4 million lbs)
• Off-site releases decreased 0.9%
(3.8 million lbs)
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
On-site Air
Releases
On-site
Surface Water
Discharges
On-site Land
Disposal or
Other
Releases
Total Off-site
Disposal or
Other
Releases
MillionsofPounds
Disposal or Other Releases by Environmental
Media, 2011-2013
2011
2012
2013
5
6. Trends – Air releases
• 2012-2013: Air releases increased by 1% (11 million lbs)
– Chemical manufacturing air releases increased by 5% (9.2 million lbs – Basin Electric [ND, Region
8])
– Electric utilities air releases increased by 3% (5.2 million lbs)
• 2003-2013: Air releases decreased by 53% (836 million lbs)
• Long term decline primarily due to:
– Decreases in HAP emissions such as hydrochloric acid at electric utilities
– Shift from coal to other fuel sources (starting in 2008)
– Implementation of CAIR* regulations from 2005-2010 and state regulations
– Installation of control technologies at coal-fired power plants
*CAIR is the Clean Air Interstate Rule
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Year
On-site Air Releases, 2003-2013
6
7. Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic
Chemicals (PBTs)
From 2012 – 2013:
Lead & Lead Compounds
– Total releases increased 36% (220 million lbs)
– Air releases of lead and lead compounds increased 15% (104,065 lbs)
Mercury & Mercury Compounds
– Total releases decreased 1% (70,000 lbs)
– Air releases increased 15% (12,155 lbs)
Dioxin & Dioxin-like Compounds
– Total releases increased by 23% (14,747 grams)
– Air releases decreased by 52% (2,837 grams)
– Off-site disposal increased by 90% (26,843 grams)
• Oxy Vinyls VCM Plant (TX – Region 6) contributed 60% of total dioxin off-site
releases
7
8. Trends - Metal Mining & Other
Industry Sectors
• Releases by metal mining have increased from 2003-2013
– Metal mining comprises almost half of total releases
• All other industries show net decrease from 2003-2013
– Electric Utilities (NAICS 2211) – Releases decreased 49%
– Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33) – Releases decreased 25%
– Chemical Manufacturing (NAICS 325) – Releases decreased 9%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Year
Disposal or Other Releases, 2003-2013: Metal Mining and All Other Industries
Metal Mining
Other Industries
8
9. Facilities with Largest Increases in
Total Releases
• Metal Mining:
– Red Dog Lead/Zinc Mine (AK - R10)
• 2013 releases: 906 million pounds
• Increase from 2012: 92.4 million pounds
– Kennecott Utah Copper Mine (UT - R8)
• 2013 releases: 290 million pounds
• Increase from 2012: 141 million pounds
– Kennecott Barneys Canyon Gold Mine
(UT - R8)
• 2013 releases: 193 million pounds
• Increase from 2012: 193 million pounds
• These three facilities make up 71% of all
metal mining releases
• All Other Sectors:
– Clean Harbors Buttonwillow LLC (CA – R9)
• 2013 releases: 26.9 million pounds
• Increase from 2012: 16.5 million pounds
– Basin Electric (ND – R8)
• 2013 releases: 25.4 million pounds
• Increase from 2012: 9.9 million pounds
– Prairie State Generating Co (IL – R5)
• 2013 releases: 21.9 million pounds
• Increase from 2012: 9.7 million pounds
9
10. New Analyses – More P2
Information
• New: P2 reporting by
Parent Companies
(standardized)
• New: Wastewater
treatment methods for
chemicals with biggest
decreases in waste
releases
• Highlighting P2 activities
for sectors and chemicals
with greatest reductions in
releases
– Printing & Publishing and
Electrical Equipment had
the greatest % decreases
in releases 10
11. New Analyses – Expanded Focus
on Communities
– TRI analysis available at a local level through an interactive map
– Users can see TRI data & print fact sheets for each state, county,
city, zip-code, U.S. metropolitan and micropolitan area, and large
aquatic ecosystem
11
12. New Analyses – Fuel Type Analysis
• Combines data from TRI, GHG Reporting Program, and the DOE’s
Energy Information Administration
• Non-coal fuels tend to release both fewer toxic chemical and fewer
GHGs, though the variation for TRI quantities is more dramatic than
for GHGs
Number of facilities for each fuel type reporting to TRI shown in parentheses
12
13. New Analyses – Greenhouse Gas
Reporting
• New map of projected sea level rise and TRI
facilities’ locations
• Compares TRI data with GHG Reporting
Program data, similar to 2012 analysis
13
14. New Analyses – EPCRA and RMP
Overview
• Information on renewed focus on chemical
safety and accident preparedness
• Overview of programs that aim to reduce
chemical risks at the community level
• Example of a chemical covered by both RMP
and TRI and how information can be used to
complement analyses
14
15. New Analyses – DMR and TRI
• Information on toxic chemicals released to water reported
to both TRI and DMR
• Information on conventional water pollutants and on
facilities not included in TRI
15
17. Appendix 1: Industry Trends
Factors other than production play a role in TRI releases (e.g.
composition of ore for metal mining, source reduction, control
technologies)
2003 – 2013:
• Manufacturing
– Releases decreased 25% while production decreased 4%
• Chemical Manufacturing
– Releases decreased 9% while production increased 1%
• Metal Mining
– Releases increased 58% but production has not changed
• Electric Utilities
– Releases decreased 49% and net generation decreased 23%
17
18. Appendix 2: Total Releases by
Industry Sectors
2012 to 2013:
• Metal mines increased by 519 million lbs (36%)
• Electric utilities increased by 28 million lbs (5%)
• Chemical manufacturing increased by 5 million lbs (1%)
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
Metal Mining Electric Utilities Chemicals
MillionsofPounds
Total Disposal and Other Releases, 2011-2013
2011
2012
2013
-23%
+36%
-16% +5% +3% +1%
19. Appendix 3: Releases of PBTs –
Lead and Lead Compounds
Changes from 2012:
• Total releases of Lead and Lead Compounds increased 36% (220 million lbs)
• Air releases of lead and lead compounds increased 15% (104,065 lbs)
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Total Disposal or Other Releases of Lead
and Lead Compounds, 2003-2013
On-site Air Releases All Other On- and Off-site Releases
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Air Releases Lead and Lead Compounds,
2003-2013
On-site Air Releases
20. Appendix 4: Releases of PBTs –
Mercury and Mercury Compounds
Changes from 2012:
• Total releases of Mercury and Mercury Compounds decreased 1% (70,000 lbs)
• Air releases of Mercury and Mercury compounds increased 15% (12,155 lbs)
20
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Total Disposal or Other Releases Mercury
and Mercury Compounds, 2003-2012
On-site Air Releases All Other On- and Off-site Releases
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofPounds
Air Releases Mercury and Mercury
Compounds, 2003-2013
On-site air releases
21. Appendix 5: Releases of PBTs – Dioxins
and Dioxin-Like Compounds
21
• 2012-2013: Dioxin releases increased by 23% (14,747 grams)
– Off-site disposal increased by 90% (26,843 grams)
• Oxy Vinyls VCM Plant (TX – Region 6) contributed 60% of total dioxin off-site releases
– Air releases decreased by 52% (2,837 grams)
• 2010-2013: Grams-TEQ increased more than dioxin grams (159% compared to 92%)
– Toxic Equivalence (TEQ) is the product of the concentration of an individual dioxin-like compound
in an environmental mixture and its corresponding Toxic Equivalence Factor for that compound
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Grams-TEQ
Grams
Year
Total Disposal or Other Releases, 2003-2013: Dioxin and
Dioxin-like Compounds
Total Off-site Disposal or Other Releases On-site Land Disposal
On-site Surface Water Discharges On-site Air Releases
Total TEQ
22. Appendix 6: Manufacturing
Production
22
• Disposal or other releases
decreased 25% since 2003
• Value added decreased 4%
since 2003
• Dotted line shows projected
releases if releases per $ value
added were constant since
2003 (i.e., releases expected based
only on production changes)
– Difference between solid and
dotted lines suggests factors
other than the economy play a
role in reducing TRI releases
• Possible factors: source
reduction; shift to other
management methods; shift to
non-TRI chemicals; outsourcing
outside the U.S.; raw material
changes.
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
ValueAdded(trillions,$2013)
BillionsofPounds
Disposal or Other Releases and Value Added
by the Manufacturing Sector (NAICS 31-33)
Disposal or Other Releases (reported lbs)
Disposal or Other Releases (projected based on value added)
Value Added ($2013)
23. Appendix 7: Chemical Production
23
• Disposal or other releases
decreased 9% since 2003
• Industrial production index
increased 1% since 2003
• Dotted line shows projected
releases if releases per unit of
production were constant since
2003 (i.e., releases expected based
only on production changes)
– Difference between solid and
dotted lines suggests factors
other than the economy play a
role in reducing TRI releases
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
IndustrialProductionIndex
MillionsofPounds
Disposal or Other Releases and Production
by Chemical Sector (NAICS 325)
Disposal or Other Releases (reported lbs)
Disposal or Other Releases (projected based on production)
Industrial Production Index
24. Appendix 8: Metal Mining
Production
24
• Disposal or other releases
increased 58% since 2003
• Mine production has remained
constant since 2003 but
increased 3% from 2012-2013
• Dotted line shows projected
releases if releases per ton of
mine production were constant
since 2003 (i.e., releases expected
based only on production changes)
– Releases and production
remained relatively flat until
2009
– Difference between the dotted
and solid lines after 2009
indicates factors other than
production drove the increase
in releases (e.g., changes in
composition of ore and waste
rock)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
MineProduction(millionmetrictons)
BillionsofPounds
Disposal or Other Releases and Mine Production
by the Metal Mining Sector (NAICS 2122)
Disposal or Other Releases (reported lbs)
Disposal or Other Releases (projected based on production)
Total Production (metric tons)
25. Appendix 9: Electric Utilities
Production
25
• Disposal or other releases
decreased 49% since 2003
• Net generation decreased 23%
since 2003
• Dotted line shows projected
releases if releases per GWh
were constant since 2003 (i.e.,
releases expected based only on
production changes)
– The difference between the
solid and dotted lines suggests
factors other than the
production played an
increasing role in reducing TRI
releases
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MillionsofGWhElectricityGeneration
BillionsofPounds
Disposal or Other Releases and Electricity
Generation
by Electric Utilities (NAICS 2211)
Disposal or Other Releases (reported lbs)
Disposal or Other Releases (projected based on generation)
Net Generation (GWH)