The document summarizes the events leading up to Abraham Lincoln's election as president in 1860 and the South's secession from the Union in response. It discusses the split of the Democratic party on the issue of slavery, with Lincoln representing the Republican party in the North and multiple candidates representing Northern and Southern Democrat positions. Lincoln won the election due to the North having a larger population and the South splitting its vote among multiple candidates. After Lincoln's election, Southern states began seceding, forming the Confederate States of America in response to their belief that Lincoln and the Republicans would threaten the institution of slavery.