Causes of hypoxemia HY
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This document discusses various causes of hypoxemia and whether supplemental oxygen can correct it. Hypoxemia can be caused by reduced oxygen in the air breathed, problems with breathing, or issues getting oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream. Supplemental oxygen is effective at correcting hypoxemia caused by reduced air oxygen, breathing issues, or lung diffusion limitations, but not hypoxemia from large intrapulmonary shunting or deadspace ventilation issues.
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http://www.nirhus.com
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- Treatment began with salbutamol via nebulizer. As symptoms were not resolving, prednisolone was added. Oxygen was given to maintain saturation above 92%. The patient's condition gradually
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This document discusses several common alterations in respiratory function including pulmonary edema, lower respiratory tract infections, traumatic injuries, neurological diseases, adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, upper respiratory tract infections, atelectasis, industrial diseases, and obesity. It outlines the clinical manifestations and critical care management of patients with these respiratory conditions.
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This document discusses the four main types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. It provides information on the incidence, typical location in the lungs, and common clinical associations for each type of lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma makes up 40-50% of lung cancers and is usually located in the periphery of the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20-25% of cases and is typically central. Small cell carcinoma comprises 10-15% of lung cancers and is also usually central. Large cell carcinoma represents 5-10% of lung cancers and tends to be peripheral.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency HY
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is caused by a defect in CD18-containing integrins, which impairs leukocyte adhesion and endothelial transmigration. This results in recurrent skin and mucosal infections without pus formation, impaired wound healing, and delayed umbilical cord separation beyond 3 weeks of age. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis and neutrophilia.
Intrauterine fetal demise HY
Intrauterine fetal demise is defined as fetal death at 20 weeks or later. It is diagnosed by the absence of fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound. Management depends on gestational age - between 20-23 weeks dilation and evacuation or vaginal delivery is recommended, while at 24 weeks or later vaginal delivery is recommended, though cesarean delivery is an option based on maternal history. A complication can be coagulopathy if the fetus is retained for several weeks.
Infectious mononucleosis HY
Infectious mononucleosis is characterized by fever, tonsillitis or pharyngitis that may have exudates, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fatigue, and possibly enlargement of the liver and spleen. Complications can include airway obstruction, autoimmune conditions affecting red blood cells or platelets, and rupture of the spleen.
Indications for urgent dialysis (aeiou) HY
Acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, ingestion of toxic substances, overload states, and uremia are indications for urgent dialysis according to the AEIOU mnemonic. Specifically, metabolic acidosis with a pH below 7.1, hyperkalemia causing ECG changes or arrhythmias, ingestion of toxic alcohols, volume overload refractory to diuretics, and uremia causing encephalopathy, pericarditis or bleeding require immediate dialysis treatment.
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