This document analyzes the causes of delay in the construction of bridge girders for three spans of a major bridge across the Sabarmati River in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Data was collected on the planned versus actual construction schedules. The total delay was found to be 75 days, with various activities like staging work, shuttering work, and reinforcement fixing experiencing delays. Major causes of delay included insufficient equipment capacity, lack of skilled labor, delays in design drawings, and poor site management. The contractor was found to be primarily responsible for these delays through issues like inadequate planning, site layout, and labor productivity.
Training Slides of Extension of Time (EOT) & Related Costs in Construction, in fullfillment of Delay Claim Expert.
Some Key-Points:
- Contentious Issues in Delay Analysis
- The SLC Protocol
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
Advanced training for construction management: CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT part 2 (...Antonio Coladarce
PART 2 is dedicated to an experiences section of CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT (active and passive contracts, i.e. those with final customers and with subcontractors, respectively).
Presentation is prepared for an advanced course dedicated to Construction Management, refer to PART 1 also. There is a lesson for both parts not fully translated in English (course was for Italian speaking Construction Engineers, Managers and Site Mnagers)
Training Slides of Extension of Time (EOT) & Related Costs in Construction, in fullfillment of Delay Claim Expert.
Some Key-Points:
- Contentious Issues in Delay Analysis
- The SLC Protocol
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
Advanced training for construction management: CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT part 2 (...Antonio Coladarce
PART 2 is dedicated to an experiences section of CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT (active and passive contracts, i.e. those with final customers and with subcontractors, respectively).
Presentation is prepared for an advanced course dedicated to Construction Management, refer to PART 1 also. There is a lesson for both parts not fully translated in English (course was for Italian speaking Construction Engineers, Managers and Site Mnagers)
The significant Causes and effects of delays in Ghadir 2206 residential projectIOSR Journals
Delays in the construction projects are global events and the construction industry in Iran is no
exception. The main purpose of this study is to identify the delay factors and their effect on a particular project
completion named Ghadir 2206 residential construction project located in Fooladshahr, Iran.
It is attempted to analyze the most important causes and their impacts on specific effects.
This study identified nine most important causes of delay and effects of delay. Nine most important causes were:
1) Contractor’s improper planning, 2) Design changes, 3) Contractor’s poor site management and mistaken
decision in changing managers, 4) Inadequate contractor experience, 5) Inadequate client’s finance and
payments for completed work, 6) Problems with subcontractors, 7) Lack of communication between parties, 8)
Construction mistakes and defective works ,9) Material price escalation. The causes categories in contractorrelated
factors, consultant-related factors, client-related factors and external factors.
The high significant causes identified are 1) Design changes 2) Material price escalation
Six main effects of delay were:
1) Time overrun 2) Cost overrun, 3) Disputes, 4) Arbitration, 5) Litigation, and 6) Abandonment
Project Controls Expo - 31st Oct 2012 - Forensic Delay Analysis The Ultimate ...Project Controls Expo
Introduction
1. Why is forensic delay analysis the ultimate test for project controls?
2. Methods of delay analysis
3. Choice of method of delay analysis
4. Demonstration of methods of delay analysis
5. Project controls, data and records for delay analysis
An Investigation into the Delays in Road Projects in BahrainIJRES Journal
This research investigated the delays in road projects in Bahrain. It studied frequency and severity of delay’s causes, as well as frequency of delay’s effects in such projects. Forty seven causes were identified and classified by responsibility into six groups. A field survey was conducted through a questionnaire including 36 contractors, 24 consultants and 84 engineers working at Ministry of Works (MOW). The researcher concluded that there are many causes of delay related to contractors such as the improper planning and scheduling. One of the major causes related to the owner, i.e. MOW is delay in decision making. The main problems related to consultants are due to lack of experience. Moreover, cost and time overruns were two of the most frequent effects of delay.
The significant Causes and effects of delays in Ghadir 2206 residential projectIOSR Journals
Delays in the construction projects are global events and the construction industry in Iran is no
exception. The main purpose of this study is to identify the delay factors and their effect on a particular project
completion named Ghadir 2206 residential construction project located in Fooladshahr, Iran.
It is attempted to analyze the most important causes and their impacts on specific effects.
This study identified nine most important causes of delay and effects of delay. Nine most important causes were:
1) Contractor’s improper planning, 2) Design changes, 3) Contractor’s poor site management and mistaken
decision in changing managers, 4) Inadequate contractor experience, 5) Inadequate client’s finance and
payments for completed work, 6) Problems with subcontractors, 7) Lack of communication between parties, 8)
Construction mistakes and defective works ,9) Material price escalation. The causes categories in contractorrelated
factors, consultant-related factors, client-related factors and external factors.
The high significant causes identified are 1) Design changes 2) Material price escalation
Six main effects of delay were:
1) Time overrun 2) Cost overrun, 3) Disputes, 4) Arbitration, 5) Litigation, and 6) Abandonment
Project Controls Expo - 31st Oct 2012 - Forensic Delay Analysis The Ultimate ...Project Controls Expo
Introduction
1. Why is forensic delay analysis the ultimate test for project controls?
2. Methods of delay analysis
3. Choice of method of delay analysis
4. Demonstration of methods of delay analysis
5. Project controls, data and records for delay analysis
An Investigation into the Delays in Road Projects in BahrainIJRES Journal
This research investigated the delays in road projects in Bahrain. It studied frequency and severity of delay’s causes, as well as frequency of delay’s effects in such projects. Forty seven causes were identified and classified by responsibility into six groups. A field survey was conducted through a questionnaire including 36 contractors, 24 consultants and 84 engineers working at Ministry of Works (MOW). The researcher concluded that there are many causes of delay related to contractors such as the improper planning and scheduling. One of the major causes related to the owner, i.e. MOW is delay in decision making. The main problems related to consultants are due to lack of experience. Moreover, cost and time overruns were two of the most frequent effects of delay.
Stakeholders’ Perception of the Causes and Effect of Construction Delays on P...IJMER
Indian Construction industry is large, volatile, and requires tremendous capital outlays. Typically, the work offers low rates of return in relation to the amount of risk involved. A unique element of risk in the industry is the manner in which disputes and claims are woven through the fibre of the construction process. Delay is generally acknowledged as the most common, costly, complex and risky problem encountered in construction projects. Because of the overriding importance of time for both the Owner and the Contractor, it is the source of frequent disputes and claims leading to lawsuits. The growing rate of delays is adversely affecting the timely delivery of construction projects. Presently construction industries are facing a lot of problems, considering that a paper assess construction stakeholder’s perception to the causes of delays and its effects on project delivery. And also one case study is considered in this paper to elicit responses from construction stakeholders. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the perceptions of the different parties regarding causes of delays, the allocation of responsibilities and the types of delays, and method of minimizing the construction delays
A Study in Construction Delays of Residential StructuresIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract: Delays are one of the most common problem faced by the construction industry in India and around the world. Construction delays can be caused by several reasons which can be related to owner, design, labor or could be caused by some external factors such as bad weather. The delay in construction causes time overrun which implies that the project requires additional time for completion than originally anticipated. Time overrun in turn leads to cost overrun which causes huge monetary losses. This study focuses on finding out the most common causes of construction delays in Indian context. The study was carried out in South and Central Mumbai region. A questionnaire based survey was conducted based on 43 questions spread across 9 different categories. The findings were evaluated with Relative Importance Index technique. The aim of the study was to identify various causes of delays in construction and their importance.
Investigating the Factors Affecting Delays in Infrastructure ProjectsDr. Amarjeet Singh
Time and expense overruns are regular occurrences in the construction industry all around the world but these are a major concern in developing countries such as India, and their consequences can be extremely harmful when public infrastructure projects are concerned. In India as per the MoS & PI report, as of October 2019, there were 552 delayed construction projects, and the mean time overrun in these 552 delayed projects is29.07 months. Many studies in the literature review previously, have concentrated on a variety of infrastructure risk management issues but there have only been a few studies that have looked into the overall dynamics of infrastructure and how a project's timeline can be affected by changing risk interactions. This article aids in the investigation of the variables and causes of construction delays in infrastructure projects.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of factors contributing delays and claims in construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract
Construction activities are the most competitive and it involves higher risk with minimum profitability due to competition.
Construction of any infrastructural work involves complex management skills related to manpower, materials, plant, machineries,
new technologies etc. It also involves many agencies interdependent on each other like the planners, structural and functional
designers including various types of specialized engineers and it also includes support of financial institutions, insurers, contractors
and specialized contractors. As there are prevailing labour bye laws it needs special care of their well beings. In such kind of complex
and intense framework some disputes is quite natural between the agencies involved in such activities which further results in claims
management as the unsettled dispute finally leads to financial claims. Higher incidences of disputes are generally reported from the
construction contract. Even if there is an appropriate understanding of construction contract clauses from the agencies in the
agreement yet claims seems to be a major crisis in the construction sector. The research reported in this paper aims in identifying the
major factors responsible of project delay that may give rise to claims for delay damages. The in this paper research mainly highlights
on finding the major components of claims with perspective of contractor for delay damages.
Keywords: Claims, delay, damages, construction industry, disputes
Analysis of factors contributing delays and claims in construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract
Construction activities are the most competitive and it involves higher risk with minimum profitability due to competition.
Construction of any infrastructural work involves complex management skills related to manpower, materials, plant, machineries,
new technologies etc. It also involves many agencies interdependent on each other like the planners, structural and functional
designers including various types of specialized engineers and it also includes support of financial institutions, insurers, contractors
and specialized contractors. As there are prevailing labour bye laws it needs special care of their well beings. In such kind of complex
and intense framework some disputes is quite natural between the agencies involved in such activities which further results in claims
management as the unsettled dispute finally leads to financial claims. Higher incidences of disputes are generally reported from the
construction contract. Even if there is an appropriate understanding of construction contract clauses from the agencies in the
agreement yet claims seems to be a major crisis in the construction sector. The research reported in this paper aims in identifying the
major factors responsible of project delay that may give rise to claims for delay damages. The in this paper research mainly highlights
on finding the major components of claims with perspective of contractor for delay damages.
Keywords: Claims, delay, damages, construction industry, disputes.
Causes of delays on Construction Projects in Kuwait according to opinion of e...IJERA Editor
This paper presents an investigation into analysis of the causes of delays on Construction Projects in Kuwait according to opinion of engineers working in Kuwait. This is achieved through identification of the major causes of delays in the construction industry as reported in literature and using a questionnaire survey to collect the views of the various key players in the Kuwaiti construction industry. The data is analyzed and the views of the groups surveyed discussed and the relative importance index used to rank the causes of delays in the construction industry as per the questionnaire responses obtained. .It is found that the top 10 causes of delays in construction projects in Kuwait are as listed below. Using a lowest price bidding and tendering system Poor performance of the main contractor Inadequate experience or qualifications of main contractor’s staff Delay of payments from client to other parties Poor performance of subcontractors Shortage in the supply of general labour Frequent changes of subcontractors Delay in decision making by the client Poor management of subcontractors Conflict between the main parties to the contract Inappropriate methods used by the main contractor Proposals of ways to effectively prevent delays in the future construction projects managed in Kuwait construction industry were developed from the identified causes delay
Similar to Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders (20)
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Jan- Feb. 2015), PP 08-12
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page
Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
Keval J. Shah1
, Prof. M. R. Apte2
1
Post graduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology,
Pune (Maharashtra, India)
2
Professor Emeritus, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune
(Maharashtra, India)
Abstract: The construction industry is the tool through which a society achieves its goal of urban and rural
development. Delays inconstruction are the most serious problems which even slow down the national
development. It is one of the sectors that provides important ingredient for the development of an economy.It is
widely accepted that a project is successful when it is finished on time. Unfortunately, due to many reasons,
largenumber of construction projects fails to follow the planned schedule and hence delayed. Construction
delay is considered to be one of the recurring problems in the construction industry and it has an adverse effect
on project success in terms of time, cost and quality. So, careful study and planning of each and every activity of
a construction project becomes important in order to minimise delays. This paper presents the causes of
delayoccurring on anongoing bridge construction project with respect to constructionof bridge girders of three
spansof a Major bridge across river Sabarmati, Gandhinagar, Gujaratas a case study.
Keywords:Project delay, Types of delay, Time overrun, Cost overrun
I. Introduction
Issue of delay in the construction sector is a worldwideproblem. Delays occur in most construction
projects, either simple or complex. In construction, delay can be defined as the extension of time in the
completion of project. In short delay means failure to complete project in targeted time and budgeted cost as
agreed in contract. Construction site activities are only the second part of the whole construction process. The
first part comprises of all kinds of office work like planning, designing, estimating, negotiating, purchasing,
scheduling, controlling, accounting, etc. are required to be done carefully in the office before the work starts on
the site to accomplish the objective of a project within budget and on schedule. Construction delays are
widespread in most projects around the world. Some delays may happen in the preconstruction phase which is
defined as the period beginning from the initial conception of the project to the signing of the contract between
the owner and the contractor; however some of them may happen in the construction phase that is the period
when actual construction is underway. Project schedules are dynamic and uncertain. Several factors,
controllable and uncontrollable, affect the project schedule and cause delays. These delays definitely create
negative impacts on project performance. Delay in schedule in the completion of a construction project is a
majorproblem for contractors leading to disputes and spoiled relationships between project participants.
The challenge is to measure the net impact of construction delays accurately. In absence of which delay
claims between all parties involved in the construction process would become serious and lead to litigation.Time
for performance of a project is particularly an important consideration for the owner and the contractor. Often,
the most troublesome construction disputes involve delays and failure to complete the work in a timely manner.
In fact, delays can be caused by several parties therefore the effects and remedies vary from case to case.
Concurrent delays are two or more delays occurring at the same time and are always difficult to resolve.
So, in this paper delay occurrences on a bridge project is given with respect to the construction
ofgirders as a case study.
II. Objective Of Study
The objectives of this study are:
1. Determine the major construction delays of the project.
2. To analyse different causes of delay of the project
3. To measure the net impact of construction delays accurately.
III. Construction Delays
There are a number of definitions for delay. In the construction management context, the simplest
definition of a delay is “an event or a condition that results in finishing the project later than stipulated in the
contract.”
There are four main groups of construction delays:
2. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 9 | Page
1. Critical or noncritical
2. Excusable or non-excusable
3. Compensable or non-compensable
4. Concurrent or non-concurrent
The diagram displayedin figure presents a general overview of how the construction delays can be
categorized and some of the frequently occurring delays on any infrastructure project and the responsible stack
holder are as follows.
Chart 1: Delay classification
SR. REASONS FOR DELAY RESPONSIBILITY
1. Delay in handing over of site Client
2. Unforeseen ground conditions Consultant
3. Conflicts between owner and other parties Other
4. Improper planning of contractor during bidding stage Contractor
5. Poor means of contracting Contractor
6. Inaccurate specification of site condition Client
7. Unrealistic time schedule given in contract Consultant
8. Faulty soil investigation report Client
9. Slow decision from owner Client
10. Bureaucracy in client's organisation. Client
11. Ambiguity in specifications and conflicting interpretation by parties. Client
12. Unrealistic inspection and testing methods proposed in contract. Client
13. Delay in approval of completed work (i.e. stage passing) Client
14. Delay in approval of shop drawings and samples Client
15. Non availability of drawing/ design on time Client
16. Consultant or Architect's reluctance for change Consultant
17. Obtaining permissions from local authorities Client
18. Poor organizational structure for client or consultant Client/Consultant
19. Financial Constraints of contractor Contactor
20. Delay in running bill payments to the contractor Client
21. Inadequate experience of contractor Contractor
22. Poor labour productivity Contractor
23. Lack of control over subcontractor Contractor
24. Frequent change of subcontractor Contractor
25. Poor site management and supervision Contractor
26. Use of improper or obsolete construction methods Contractor
27. Increase in scope of work Client
28. Rework due to errors in execution Contractor
29. Rework due to change of design or deviation order Client
30. Delay in finalization of rates for extra items Client
31. Poor coordination among parties Client
32. Delay in material delivery by vendors Other
33. Delay in material to be supplied by the owner client
34. Delay in material procurement (action by the contractor) Contractor
35. Change in material prices/ price escalation Other
36. Improper storage of materials leading to damaged material when necessary Contractor
37. Inefficient use of equipment Contractor
38. Lack of skilled operators for specialized equipment Contractor
39. Extreme weather conditions Other
40. Local political conditions Other
41. Restricted access at site Client
42. Site accidents due to lack of safety measures Contractor
43. Site accidents due to Negligence Contractor
44. Lack of motivation for contractor(viz. Incentive for early finish etc.) Client
3. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
IV. Research Methodology
Research methodology is designed after assessing the extent of the objectives to be fulfilled. For data
collection a cable stayed Major Bridge across river Sabarmati, Gandhinagar, Gujaratis taken as a case study.
There was a huge difference in rate of progress and time required in completion between planned schedule and
actual execution in girders of three spans constructed on site. Frequent site visits were carried out to find the key
factors that control time performance as well as the factors which govern the rate of progress in order to find out
major as well as general causes of delay in construction of girders.
V. Data Collection
The data collected from site regarding the progress of construction of bridge girders is given in
Appendix-A (planned vs execution period in days).
End cross section of girder
VI. Data Analysis
For data analysis each activity of construction of bridge girders has been compared with its planned
duration andactual duration. Delays occurred in each activity and the cumulative delay are calculated in days as
shown in Appendix B (delay and cumulative delay in days). Also graphs for planned schedule vs as executed
and cumulative delay occurred on each girder are plotted for better understanding of the delay phenomenon.
Total delay caused on the project in completion of girders for 3 spans is 75 days (Appendix B (Delay and
Cumulative delay in days)). Activity wise total delay is shown in following table.
Sr. Activity Delay on Span 1
(Days)
Delay on Span 2
(Days)
Delay on Span 3
(Days)
TotalDelay
(Days)
1 Staging work 3 3 2 8
2 Shuttering Work 7 7 2 16
3 Reinforcement fixing 22 6 6 39
4 Cable arrangement 8 4 0 12
5 Concreting 0 0 0 0
Total 75
There upon reasons of delay and interpretation are discussed in next section.
Chart 1: Cumulative delay
Chart 2: Planned vs Execution.
4. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
After careful study of delay occurred on each activity and the reason of delay are worked out and the
stake holders responsible for the delay are as follows.
SR. REASONS FOR DELAY RESPONSIBE PARTY
1 Insufficient crane capacity Contractor
2 Non availability of bar binder Contractor
3 Non availability of skilled labour Contractor
4 Delay in design Client /Consultant
5 Labour issues Contractor
6 Conventional method of bar cutting and bending Contractor
7 Over labour employment on a single work other than important one. Contractor
8 Poor site layout resulting in poor labour productivity Contractor
9 Shortage of Concrete due to insufficient capacity of RMC Contractor
10 Delay in procurement of bearing plate Contractor
Table: Summary of Delay reasons
Above mentioned causes of delay have direct effecton time overrun and cost overrun for the whole
project. Careful identification and mitigation of causes of delay is required to save time and cost. The
comparisonof cumulative delay is shown in Chart 1. It is observed from Chart 1 thatthe construction of girder of
span 1 delayed more than the other two girders. Major cause of delay of construction offirst girder on span 1 is
delay in getting working drawings.Other two girders will not be affected by this reason because all girders are
symmetrical on the bridge. There are also some reasons which affect performance of girder on span 1 such as
labour issues, more number of labours employed on an unimportant work and lack of skilled labours etc.
Another important reason is poor site layout planning. Because of poor site layout planning workers have to
walk more and this resulted in wastage of time and poor labour productivity. Same girder on span 2 gets delayed
by less number of days compared tothat on span 1. Major reason is labour issues. Contractor is responsible for
this delay. Third girder is delayed by 15 days only and major reason for delay is again labour issues.
VII. Conclusion
This study aims to investigate the important causes of delay in construction of bridge girder. Activities
on site with respect to construction of girder are thoroughly observed and comparison done between planned
and as executed schedule. The results revealed that the problem ofdelays in construction of bridge girder is
frequent and notable. Contractor plays vital role in completion of project as scheduled. Most of reasons for
delays are related with contractor performance such as site management, labour productivity, and lack of expert
proficiency in supervision etc. Same as delay in drawing and delay in design come under client responsibility.It
is evident that consultant has a less responsibility. Some of the causes are to be addressed are beyond the control
of all the project parties such as differing site conditions, unforeseen weather etc. Talking about the overall
responsibility of delay, contractor possesses near about more responsibility.
Total time required as per planned scheduleon Span 1 + Span 2 + Span 3 = 150 days but actual time of
execution taken for the same 225 days. Therefore total delay is 75 days.
5. Causes of Delay in Construction of Bridge Girders
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12140812 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
References
[1] Assaf, S. A., And Al-Hejji S. (2006). “Causes of Delay in Large Construction Projects”. International J. Project Mgmt.,Science Direct,
24, 349-357. 4
[2] Enasfathitaher, R.K.Pandey “Study Of Delay In Project Planning And Design Stage Of Civil Engineering Projects” (2013)
[3] S.K.Patil, A.K.Gupta, D.B.Desai, A.S.Sajane “Causes Of Delay In Indian Transportation Infrastructure Project” (2013)
[4] Jyh-Bin Yang And Chih-Kuei Kao “Review Of Delay Analysis Methods: A Process-Based Comparison” (2008)
[5] Tarek Hegazy And Wail Menesi “Delay Analysis Under Multiple Baseline Updates” (2007)
[6] Muralisambasivan , Yau Wen Soon “Causes And Effects Of Delays In Malaysian Construction Industry”
[7] Ashwiniarunsalunkhe, Rahul S. Patil“Effect Of Construction Delays On Project Time Overrun Indian Scenario (2014)
[8] Ram Singh, “Delays And Cost Overruns In Infrastructure Projects: Extent, Causes And Remedies”, Economic And Political Weekly,
Vol.21. May 22, 2010, Pp 43-54.