If you are thinking for Cataract Eye Surgery then you must have to watch this presentation. This presentation includes what to do's and what not to do's during Cataract Eye Surgery.
Ocular emergencies include injuries or conditions that cause pain, redness, swelling or vision changes in the eye. Examples are foreign objects in the eye, burns, blunt injuries, infections, blood clots or glaucoma. Prompt treatment is needed to prevent vision loss or blindness. Examinations assess vision, eye movements and structures. Treatments depend on the emergency, and may include irrigation, antibiotics, pressure reduction, wound closure or referral to an ophthalmologist. Examples of specific emergencies discussed are corneal abrasions, hyphema, lid or globe injuries, chemical burns, glaucoma and infections.
This document provides information about ocular emergencies for student nurses, including objectives, classifications of emergencies, top ten emergencies, symptoms, and management of issues like chemical injuries, foreign bodies, and trauma. It aims to help students recognize, assess, diagnose, and properly treat ocular emergencies to prevent vision loss. The top ten emergencies covered include ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, nerve palsy, corneal infections, open globe injuries, glaucoma, endophthalmitis, alkali injuries, and orbital cellulitis.
Conjunctivitis for Nurses- Easy ExplanationSwatilekha Das
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and inner surface of the eyelid. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, sexually transmitted infections, allergies, or chemicals. Symptoms include redness, swelling, watering eyes, and thick yellow discharge. Diagnosis is based on distinctive signs seen under a slit lamp and confirmation via smear or culture tests. Treatment depends on the cause, such as antibiotics for bacterial pink eye or corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis. Prevention involves proper hand washing and not sharing personal items.
This document discusses ocular emergencies, including trauma and non-trauma related conditions. It describes various types of blunt and penetrating trauma such as corneal abrasions, hyphema, lid lacerations, and chemical burns. Signs and symptoms of conditions like subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal ulcers, acute angle closure glaucoma, and orbital cellulitis are provided. Priority levels ranging from urgent to emergency are assigned based on the acute nature and visual prognosis of different eye conditions. Treatment methods like irrigation are also outlined for select emergencies.
Eye banking and corneal transplantation 10.03.16,dr.k.n.jhaophthalmgmcri
An eye bank is a nonprofit organization that collects and distributes donated corneas for transplantation. It has medical and administrative sections. The medical section handles tissue harvesting, evaluation, preservation, and distribution following medical standards. The administrative section does public awareness, fundraising, and liaison with other groups. Corneal transplantation replaces diseased cornea with donor tissue. It can be full thickness or partial thickness. The cornea is harvested, processed, and stored before being distributed for surgery. Complications include rejection and infection. Prognosis depends on factors like eyelid abnormalities and inflammation. New techniques include lamellar keratoplasty which replaces only corneal layers.
The document discusses eye banking and corneal transplantation. It provides a brief history and overview of eye banking milestones. An eye bank collects, stores, and distributes corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneas can be stored short term in a moist chamber or intermediate term in storage media like McCarey-Kaufman medium, K-Sol medium, or Dexol medium to extend the storage period. The eye bank process involves donor selection and screening, tissue retrieval through enucleation or corneo-scleral excision, examination and testing of the corneal tissue, transportation, and storage prior to distribution.
1. The document discusses various ocular emergencies including traumatic injuries like hyphema, ruptured globe, and chemical burns as well as non-traumatic emergencies like acute angle closure glaucoma and orbital cellulitis.
2. Management strategies are provided for different conditions including irrigation for chemical burns, medications to lower IOP for glaucoma, and IV antibiotics for orbital cellulitis.
3. Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended for penetrating injuries, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, and conditions requiring surgery.
An eye bank is a nonprofit organization that retrieves, processes, stores and distributes donor corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneal blindness is a major problem in developing countries that can often be addressed through corneal transplantation, which has a high success rate. In India, the number of corneal transplants has been increasing but still does not meet the need, with over 50% of tissue coming from a few states. Eye banks are responsible for properly evaluating donor tissue through testing, examination and microscopy before distributing it to ensure safe and effective transplantation. Tissue is stored short or long-term in special nutrient media depending on preservation needs.
Ocular emergencies include injuries or conditions that cause pain, redness, swelling or vision changes in the eye. Examples are foreign objects in the eye, burns, blunt injuries, infections, blood clots or glaucoma. Prompt treatment is needed to prevent vision loss or blindness. Examinations assess vision, eye movements and structures. Treatments depend on the emergency, and may include irrigation, antibiotics, pressure reduction, wound closure or referral to an ophthalmologist. Examples of specific emergencies discussed are corneal abrasions, hyphema, lid or globe injuries, chemical burns, glaucoma and infections.
This document provides information about ocular emergencies for student nurses, including objectives, classifications of emergencies, top ten emergencies, symptoms, and management of issues like chemical injuries, foreign bodies, and trauma. It aims to help students recognize, assess, diagnose, and properly treat ocular emergencies to prevent vision loss. The top ten emergencies covered include ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, nerve palsy, corneal infections, open globe injuries, glaucoma, endophthalmitis, alkali injuries, and orbital cellulitis.
Conjunctivitis for Nurses- Easy ExplanationSwatilekha Das
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and inner surface of the eyelid. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, sexually transmitted infections, allergies, or chemicals. Symptoms include redness, swelling, watering eyes, and thick yellow discharge. Diagnosis is based on distinctive signs seen under a slit lamp and confirmation via smear or culture tests. Treatment depends on the cause, such as antibiotics for bacterial pink eye or corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis. Prevention involves proper hand washing and not sharing personal items.
This document discusses ocular emergencies, including trauma and non-trauma related conditions. It describes various types of blunt and penetrating trauma such as corneal abrasions, hyphema, lid lacerations, and chemical burns. Signs and symptoms of conditions like subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal ulcers, acute angle closure glaucoma, and orbital cellulitis are provided. Priority levels ranging from urgent to emergency are assigned based on the acute nature and visual prognosis of different eye conditions. Treatment methods like irrigation are also outlined for select emergencies.
Eye banking and corneal transplantation 10.03.16,dr.k.n.jhaophthalmgmcri
An eye bank is a nonprofit organization that collects and distributes donated corneas for transplantation. It has medical and administrative sections. The medical section handles tissue harvesting, evaluation, preservation, and distribution following medical standards. The administrative section does public awareness, fundraising, and liaison with other groups. Corneal transplantation replaces diseased cornea with donor tissue. It can be full thickness or partial thickness. The cornea is harvested, processed, and stored before being distributed for surgery. Complications include rejection and infection. Prognosis depends on factors like eyelid abnormalities and inflammation. New techniques include lamellar keratoplasty which replaces only corneal layers.
The document discusses eye banking and corneal transplantation. It provides a brief history and overview of eye banking milestones. An eye bank collects, stores, and distributes corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneas can be stored short term in a moist chamber or intermediate term in storage media like McCarey-Kaufman medium, K-Sol medium, or Dexol medium to extend the storage period. The eye bank process involves donor selection and screening, tissue retrieval through enucleation or corneo-scleral excision, examination and testing of the corneal tissue, transportation, and storage prior to distribution.
1. The document discusses various ocular emergencies including traumatic injuries like hyphema, ruptured globe, and chemical burns as well as non-traumatic emergencies like acute angle closure glaucoma and orbital cellulitis.
2. Management strategies are provided for different conditions including irrigation for chemical burns, medications to lower IOP for glaucoma, and IV antibiotics for orbital cellulitis.
3. Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended for penetrating injuries, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, and conditions requiring surgery.
An eye bank is a nonprofit organization that retrieves, processes, stores and distributes donor corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneal blindness is a major problem in developing countries that can often be addressed through corneal transplantation, which has a high success rate. In India, the number of corneal transplants has been increasing but still does not meet the need, with over 50% of tissue coming from a few states. Eye banks are responsible for properly evaluating donor tissue through testing, examination and microscopy before distributing it to ensure safe and effective transplantation. Tissue is stored short or long-term in special nutrient media depending on preservation needs.
1. Cataracts are opacities or cloudiness in the lens of the eye that impair vision. They are most commonly age-related but can be caused by eye injuries, medical conditions like diabetes, or exposure to radiation.
2. Symptoms include reduced visual acuity, glare, distorted vision, and difficulty seeing colors. Examination reveals a dim red reflex and opacity visible through a slit lamp.
3. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the cloudy lens, most commonly through phacoemulsification which uses ultrasound to break up the lens for removal. Post-operative care involves steroid and antibiotic eye drops. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, inflammation, and refractive errors.
pre and post-operative management of cataract surgeryPabita Dhungel
This document provides an overview of pre-operative and post-operative management of cataract surgery. It discusses evaluating patients, indications for surgery, special tests performed, pre-operative medications and management, the surgical procedure, and post-operative examination, management, and follow-up care. Key aspects addressed include assessing ocular health history, visual acuity, biometry measurements to calculate IOL power, and monitoring for complications after surgery. The goal is to ensure patients have a thorough evaluation before surgery and close monitoring after to optimize visual outcomes.
1) Evisceration is the surgical removal of the internal contents of the eye while leaving the outer coat (sclera) and extraocular muscles intact.
2) It is indicated for blind, painful eyes, penetrating trauma, endophthalmitis, and bleeding disorders.
3) The procedure involves separating the conjunctiva, removing the cornea and intraocular contents, inserting an orbital implant, and closing the tissues.
Cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye that causes vision loss. It develops slowly over time and can affect one or both eyes. The main causes are aging, exposure to UV radiation, smoking, genetic factors, and various medical conditions. Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and sometimes replacing it with an artificial lens to restore vision. Nurses educate patients on post-operative care including eye drops, limitations on activities, use of protective eyewear, and signs of complications to watch for.
Retinal detachment is a serious condition where the retina peels away from its underlying supportive tissue layer. It can cause permanent vision loss if not repaired soon. The summary examines the risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for retinal detachment. Surgical methods like scleral buckling, cryopexy, laser photocoagulation, pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy aim to reattach the retina. Prompt treatment usually leads to vision improvement, though the prognosis depends on factors like macula involvement and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Post-operative care and home management are important to monitor for complications and aid recovery.
This document discusses various types of refractive errors including myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. It describes the causes, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations including history, slit lamp exam, and tonometry, and management including pharmacological treatments, and surgical procedures like LASIK and LASEK. Nursing management focuses on safely administering treatments, monitoring vitals, and observing patients for side effects and responses to treatment.
Role of eye bank and eye donation, indication and contraindications and steps of eye donation..
how to approach an eye bank , corneal storage methods before transplant and administration af an eye bank.
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye does not bend light correctly, causing blurred vision. The main types are myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (age-related blurring of near vision), and astigmatism (abnormal corneal curvature). Refractive errors can result from factors like infection, injury, genetics, aging, or previous eye surgery. Diagnosis involves testing like retinoscopy and tonometry, while treatment may include eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery procedures like LASIK. Nursing care focuses on safely administering treatments and monitoring patients for side effects and complications.
Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis can be classified based on the location of inflammation as anterior, intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis. Common causes include infection, autoimmune disorders, and malignancy. Symptoms include eye redness, pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Diagnosis involves examination with a slit lamp and tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment focuses on managing inflammation with corticosteroids and treating any underlying condition. Complications can include cataracts, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, hypotony, and retinal detachment if uve
Chalazion is a chronic inflammatory nodule of the meibomian gland in the eyelid. It is the most common benign eyelid lesion, occurring more often in adults. Chalazions start as small, tender swellings and are caused by obstruction and retention of secretions in the meibomian gland. On pathology, they show chronic inflammation with lipid-filled giant cells. Clinically, they appear as painless, hard swellings of the eyelid that can cause blurry vision. Treatment involves warm compresses, antibiotics, steroids, or incision and curettage for larger lesions. Complications include infection, cyst formation, or recurrence.
This document provides information on common ocular emergencies for non-ophthalmologists. It discusses how to examine the eye, useful tools, algorithms for diagnosis, key questions to ask patients presenting with red eye, classifications of ocular emergencies from immediate to urgent, and management of specific emergencies like chemical burns, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, angle closure glaucoma, retrobulbar hematoma, orbital fractures, periorbital cellulitis, corneal foreign bodies, corneal injuries, hypopyon, and lid lacerations. The overall aim is to educate non-ophthalmologists on triaging and providing first aid for ocular emergencies until the patient can be referred
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
This document summarizes information about corneal ulcers. It discusses the anatomy of the cornea and common causes of corneal infections like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Corneal ulcers occur when there is damage to the corneal epithelium allowing infection to set in. Symptoms include pain, watering, photophobia and blurred vision. Signs include swelling, hypopyon in the anterior chamber. Management involves identifying the causative organism, using topical antibiotics and cycloplegics for uncomplicated cases. More severe cases may require debridement, bandage contact lenses or keratoplasty. Complications can include glaucoma, perforation and scarring.
Crossed eyes, also known as strabismus, is a condition where the eyes are not properly aligned and look in different directions. It can be caused by weakened eye muscles, abnormal nerve signals, heredity, or blurred vision. Treatment options include prescription glasses, eye muscle surgery, or in the case of lazy eye, covering the good eye to force use of the weaker eye. Conjunctivitis is a common eye infection that causes redness, discharge, and mild pain and spreads easily. Proper hygiene like hand washing after eye contact and not sharing eye drops is important to prevent spread. Allergic conjunctivitis is a seasonal allergy of the outer eye caused by pollen that presents with
- A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye that prevents clear vision. It begins as proteins clump together in the lens.
- Risk factors include increasing age, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, previous eye injuries or inflammation, corticosteroid use, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficiencies.
- There are several types of cataracts including nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and congenital. Modern cataract surgery involves breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasonic technology and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens.
This document provides an overview of various ocular emergencies, including physical injuries, chemical injuries, infections, sudden vision loss, glaucoma, uveitis, and cranial nerve palsy. It describes the typical symptoms, important signs to look for, and recommended management approaches for each condition. Physical exams and sometimes urgent medical or surgical intervention are often needed to properly diagnose and treat ocular emergencies. Proper history taking regarding vision changes, eye pain, and other symptoms can provide clues to identifying the underlying cause.
1) Blindness can be defined and categorized in different ways such as total blindness, functional blindness, and legal blindness which refers to central visual acuity of 20/200 or less.
2) The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, glaucoma, trachoma, and childhood blindness. In developed countries, common causes include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, accidents, and glaucoma.
3) Management of blindness involves mobility training, use of assistive devices like long canes and guide dogs, reading aids such as magnifiers and braille, and adaptive technology including screen readers and refreshable braille displays.
This document summarizes various ocular emergencies commonly seen in emergency departments. It discusses trauma-related emergencies like penetrating injuries, blunt injuries, burns, as well as non-trauma emergencies such as infections, glaucoma, retinal vessel occlusions, retinal detachment, and ruptured globes. It also provides details on management of specific conditions like chemical injuries, acute angle closure glaucoma, foreign bodies, orbital fractures, and ocular infections.
Colon cancer, also known as bowel cancer, develops from polyps in the colon or rectum. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits. Contrary to common myths, colon cancer affects both men and women, can be prevented through screening and lifestyle changes, often presents without symptoms, and does not only affect those with a family history of the disease. Regular screening is recommended to detect and remove polyps before they develop into cancer.
Cataract surgery types and per, early post op and late post op complicationsMuhammad Nabeel
This document discusses different types of cataract surgery and their complications. The main types of cataract surgery discussed are intra capsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), small incision cataract surgery (SCIS), and phacoemulsification. Potential complications during surgery include rupturing the posterior capsule, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, and damage to surrounding tissues. Post-operative complications include bacterial endophthalmitis, iris prolapse, hyphema, wound leak, and chronic endophthalmitis. Late complications include posterior capsule opacification, malpositioning of the intraocular lens, and retinal detachment.
1. Cataracts are opacities or cloudiness in the lens of the eye that impair vision. They are most commonly age-related but can be caused by eye injuries, medical conditions like diabetes, or exposure to radiation.
2. Symptoms include reduced visual acuity, glare, distorted vision, and difficulty seeing colors. Examination reveals a dim red reflex and opacity visible through a slit lamp.
3. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the cloudy lens, most commonly through phacoemulsification which uses ultrasound to break up the lens for removal. Post-operative care involves steroid and antibiotic eye drops. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, inflammation, and refractive errors.
pre and post-operative management of cataract surgeryPabita Dhungel
This document provides an overview of pre-operative and post-operative management of cataract surgery. It discusses evaluating patients, indications for surgery, special tests performed, pre-operative medications and management, the surgical procedure, and post-operative examination, management, and follow-up care. Key aspects addressed include assessing ocular health history, visual acuity, biometry measurements to calculate IOL power, and monitoring for complications after surgery. The goal is to ensure patients have a thorough evaluation before surgery and close monitoring after to optimize visual outcomes.
1) Evisceration is the surgical removal of the internal contents of the eye while leaving the outer coat (sclera) and extraocular muscles intact.
2) It is indicated for blind, painful eyes, penetrating trauma, endophthalmitis, and bleeding disorders.
3) The procedure involves separating the conjunctiva, removing the cornea and intraocular contents, inserting an orbital implant, and closing the tissues.
Cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye that causes vision loss. It develops slowly over time and can affect one or both eyes. The main causes are aging, exposure to UV radiation, smoking, genetic factors, and various medical conditions. Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and sometimes replacing it with an artificial lens to restore vision. Nurses educate patients on post-operative care including eye drops, limitations on activities, use of protective eyewear, and signs of complications to watch for.
Retinal detachment is a serious condition where the retina peels away from its underlying supportive tissue layer. It can cause permanent vision loss if not repaired soon. The summary examines the risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for retinal detachment. Surgical methods like scleral buckling, cryopexy, laser photocoagulation, pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy aim to reattach the retina. Prompt treatment usually leads to vision improvement, though the prognosis depends on factors like macula involvement and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Post-operative care and home management are important to monitor for complications and aid recovery.
This document discusses various types of refractive errors including myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. It describes the causes, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations including history, slit lamp exam, and tonometry, and management including pharmacological treatments, and surgical procedures like LASIK and LASEK. Nursing management focuses on safely administering treatments, monitoring vitals, and observing patients for side effects and responses to treatment.
Role of eye bank and eye donation, indication and contraindications and steps of eye donation..
how to approach an eye bank , corneal storage methods before transplant and administration af an eye bank.
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye does not bend light correctly, causing blurred vision. The main types are myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (age-related blurring of near vision), and astigmatism (abnormal corneal curvature). Refractive errors can result from factors like infection, injury, genetics, aging, or previous eye surgery. Diagnosis involves testing like retinoscopy and tonometry, while treatment may include eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery procedures like LASIK. Nursing care focuses on safely administering treatments and monitoring patients for side effects and complications.
Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis can be classified based on the location of inflammation as anterior, intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis. Common causes include infection, autoimmune disorders, and malignancy. Symptoms include eye redness, pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Diagnosis involves examination with a slit lamp and tests to identify underlying causes. Treatment focuses on managing inflammation with corticosteroids and treating any underlying condition. Complications can include cataracts, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, hypotony, and retinal detachment if uve
Chalazion is a chronic inflammatory nodule of the meibomian gland in the eyelid. It is the most common benign eyelid lesion, occurring more often in adults. Chalazions start as small, tender swellings and are caused by obstruction and retention of secretions in the meibomian gland. On pathology, they show chronic inflammation with lipid-filled giant cells. Clinically, they appear as painless, hard swellings of the eyelid that can cause blurry vision. Treatment involves warm compresses, antibiotics, steroids, or incision and curettage for larger lesions. Complications include infection, cyst formation, or recurrence.
This document provides information on common ocular emergencies for non-ophthalmologists. It discusses how to examine the eye, useful tools, algorithms for diagnosis, key questions to ask patients presenting with red eye, classifications of ocular emergencies from immediate to urgent, and management of specific emergencies like chemical burns, ruptured globe, retinal artery occlusion, angle closure glaucoma, retrobulbar hematoma, orbital fractures, periorbital cellulitis, corneal foreign bodies, corneal injuries, hypopyon, and lid lacerations. The overall aim is to educate non-ophthalmologists on triaging and providing first aid for ocular emergencies until the patient can be referred
Simple eye education for EHW, Ophthalmic eye student, school eye education & first - second year optometry students only .
common eye lid inflammatory conditions .
stye or hordeolum ( external / internal hordeolum ), lid abscess , chalazion or mebomian retention cyst, accessory lacrimal glands , lacrimal gland etc...
This document summarizes information about corneal ulcers. It discusses the anatomy of the cornea and common causes of corneal infections like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Corneal ulcers occur when there is damage to the corneal epithelium allowing infection to set in. Symptoms include pain, watering, photophobia and blurred vision. Signs include swelling, hypopyon in the anterior chamber. Management involves identifying the causative organism, using topical antibiotics and cycloplegics for uncomplicated cases. More severe cases may require debridement, bandage contact lenses or keratoplasty. Complications can include glaucoma, perforation and scarring.
Crossed eyes, also known as strabismus, is a condition where the eyes are not properly aligned and look in different directions. It can be caused by weakened eye muscles, abnormal nerve signals, heredity, or blurred vision. Treatment options include prescription glasses, eye muscle surgery, or in the case of lazy eye, covering the good eye to force use of the weaker eye. Conjunctivitis is a common eye infection that causes redness, discharge, and mild pain and spreads easily. Proper hygiene like hand washing after eye contact and not sharing eye drops is important to prevent spread. Allergic conjunctivitis is a seasonal allergy of the outer eye caused by pollen that presents with
- A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye that prevents clear vision. It begins as proteins clump together in the lens.
- Risk factors include increasing age, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, previous eye injuries or inflammation, corticosteroid use, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficiencies.
- There are several types of cataracts including nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and congenital. Modern cataract surgery involves breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasonic technology and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens.
This document provides an overview of various ocular emergencies, including physical injuries, chemical injuries, infections, sudden vision loss, glaucoma, uveitis, and cranial nerve palsy. It describes the typical symptoms, important signs to look for, and recommended management approaches for each condition. Physical exams and sometimes urgent medical or surgical intervention are often needed to properly diagnose and treat ocular emergencies. Proper history taking regarding vision changes, eye pain, and other symptoms can provide clues to identifying the underlying cause.
1) Blindness can be defined and categorized in different ways such as total blindness, functional blindness, and legal blindness which refers to central visual acuity of 20/200 or less.
2) The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, glaucoma, trachoma, and childhood blindness. In developed countries, common causes include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, accidents, and glaucoma.
3) Management of blindness involves mobility training, use of assistive devices like long canes and guide dogs, reading aids such as magnifiers and braille, and adaptive technology including screen readers and refreshable braille displays.
This document summarizes various ocular emergencies commonly seen in emergency departments. It discusses trauma-related emergencies like penetrating injuries, blunt injuries, burns, as well as non-trauma emergencies such as infections, glaucoma, retinal vessel occlusions, retinal detachment, and ruptured globes. It also provides details on management of specific conditions like chemical injuries, acute angle closure glaucoma, foreign bodies, orbital fractures, and ocular infections.
Colon cancer, also known as bowel cancer, develops from polyps in the colon or rectum. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits. Contrary to common myths, colon cancer affects both men and women, can be prevented through screening and lifestyle changes, often presents without symptoms, and does not only affect those with a family history of the disease. Regular screening is recommended to detect and remove polyps before they develop into cancer.
Cataract surgery types and per, early post op and late post op complicationsMuhammad Nabeel
This document discusses different types of cataract surgery and their complications. The main types of cataract surgery discussed are intra capsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), small incision cataract surgery (SCIS), and phacoemulsification. Potential complications during surgery include rupturing the posterior capsule, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, and damage to surrounding tissues. Post-operative complications include bacterial endophthalmitis, iris prolapse, hyphema, wound leak, and chronic endophthalmitis. Late complications include posterior capsule opacification, malpositioning of the intraocular lens, and retinal detachment.
The document summarizes various potential complications that can occur during or after cataract surgery. Preoperative complications include anxiety, nausea, allergic conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, and issues with local anesthesia administration. Operative complications involve injuries to tissues like the iris or lens and issues with the capsulorhexis or vitreous loss. Early postoperative complications include hyphaema, iris prolapse, striate keratopathy, flat anterior chamber, uveitis, and bacterial endophthalmitis. Late postoperative issues relate to the intraocular lens. Managing complications depends on the specific issue but may involve resuturing wounds, administering medications, or additional surgeries.
This document summarizes a presentation by Beth Kanter and Allison Fine on building a networked nonprofit organization. The key points are:
1) They define the networked nonprofit as one that uses social media and open networks to engage people both inside and outside the organization to improve programs, services and communications.
2) They discuss two models - the "fortress" model of closed, top-down organizations versus the open, transparent "free agent" model that considers everyone a potential resource.
3) They outline three themes from their book - using free agents outside institutional walls, creating an open social culture, and focusing on simplicity by doing less.
Networked Nonprofit Theory and PracticeBeth Kanter
The document discusses using social media effectively for nonprofits. It describes how some nonprofits are transforming into "networked nonprofits" by being more open, transparent, and collaborative both internally and externally using social media. Specific challenges mentioned include issues of control, negative comments, and information overload. Recommendations include developing social media policies and guidelines, building staff capacity through training and experimentation, and measuring impact using appropriate metrics.
This document summarizes a presentation about creating a social culture and being transparent and simple as a nonprofit organization. Some key points discussed include defining a social culture as using social media to engage inside and outside an organization to improve programs; the importance of transparency and having social media policies; and focusing on your core work and leveraging your network to keep things simple. The presentation encourages nonprofits to take small steps towards being more social, transparent and simple online.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy, physiology, development, functions, and abnormalities of the human lens. It begins with the basic structure of the lens, including its epithelial cells, cortex, and nucleus. Transport mechanisms that maintain pH and ion levels are described. Embryonic development from the lens placode is outlined. The lens functions to transmit light and accommodate vision changes. Abnormalities include congenital issues, cataracts due to aging, trauma, toxicity, and systemic disorders. Cataract types and treatments like extracapsular extraction and intracapsular extraction are defined.
Cataract is caused by the opacification and degeneration of the lens fibres in the eye. Symptoms include blurred vision, problems with glare when driving at night, and changes in color vision. Cataracts are classified based on their morphology, age of onset, maturity, and etiology. Some of the main types include nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Cataracts are also classified as congenital, juvenile, pre-senile, or senile depending on the age at which they develop.
This document discusses the pre-operative evaluation and management of adult cataract patients. It describes the types of cataract surgery as ICCE and ECCE. ECCE has replaced ICCE due to better equipment and IOL implants. A thorough pre-operative evaluation includes medical history, ocular examination, measurements of visual function, and potential acuity tests to determine the contribution of the cataract to visual loss. Special tests can evaluate macular and retinal function when the cataract obscures fundus view.
This document provides a history of cataract surgery from ancient times to modern microsurgery techniques. It describes the major periods as couching (3000 years ago in India), extraction (beginning in the 18th century), intoto extraction (19th century), and microsurgery (20th century). Key developments included the introduction of anesthesia, sutures, operating microscopes, and intraocular lenses. Modern advances include phacoemulsification, foldable lenses, and multifocal/accommodative lenses. Cataract surgery has evolved significantly from early couching techniques to become a highly precise microsurgical procedure.
The document discusses various potential complications that can occur after cataract surgery, including: intraoperative complications like shallow anterior chamber; early postoperative complications like corneal edema and elevated intraocular pressure; and late postoperative complications like retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema. It provides details on the causes, signs, and management approaches for many of the major complications.
This document discusses the dynamics of the tear film. It covers the secretion and formation of the tear film, how it is retained and redistributed on the eye surface, the displacement phenomenon, evaporation from the tear film, drying and breakup of the tear film, and dynamics during blinking. Evaluation methods for the tear film like staining, the Schirmer test, and fluorophotometry are also mentioned. The tear film and its components help protect and lubricate the eye.
Cataracts are a clouding of the eye's lens that can cause blurred vision. Most cataracts are related to aging, with over half of Americans developing them by age 80. The lens normally focuses light onto the retina, but a cloudy lens scatters light and reduces sharpness of images. Cataracts can be caused by aging, eye injuries, medical conditions like diabetes, and environmental factors such as prolonged sun exposure. Symptoms include blurred and faded vision that makes tasks like driving difficult. Cataracts are detected via eye exams and treated primarily through surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one.
This document discusses complications that can occur during and after cataract surgery. It begins by providing background on the increasing rates of cataract surgery worldwide. It then describes potential intraoperative complications related to anesthesia blocks, surgical wounds, capsulotomies, and more. Postoperative complications that can occur early or late after surgery are also reviewed. The document aims to help surgeons understand and prevent complications by selecting appropriate patients, maintaining sterility, performing safe surgery, and properly correcting refractive errors post-op.
This document provides information on the management of cataracts, including both non-surgical and surgical approaches. Non-surgical management focuses on controlling underlying causes, delaying progression, and improving vision. Surgical management involves extracting the opaque lens using various techniques like intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), or phacoemulsification. Pre-operative evaluation is important to assess retinal function and rule out infections. Intraocular lenses are then implanted to restore vision.
Cataract surgery has advanced significantly with improvements like phacoemulsification that uses ultrasound to break up the cataract. This technique allows for a smaller incision and faster recovery compared to previous extracapsular cataract extraction surgery. Newer intraocular lenses and technology have also improved vision outcomes and the ability to reduce dependence on glasses after surgery. Cataract surgery is now a very common and highly successful operation.
ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF CORNEAL ULCERDr Samarth Mishra
Corneal ulcer is a discontinuation of the normal corneal epithelial surface associated with necrosis of surrounding corneal tissue, characterized pathologically by edema and cellular infiltration. It can be classified based on location, purulence, association with hypopyon, depth, and slough formation. Common bacterial causes include Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungal keratitis is associated with filamentous fungi like Aspergillus. Herpes simplex virus causes infectious epithelial keratitis manifesting as dendritic or geographic ulcers. Mooren's ulcer is a severe, peripheral ulcerative keratitis of unknown etiology.
This document discusses bacterial corneal ulcers. It begins by defining a corneal ulcer and describing the signs and symptoms which may include pain, watering, photophobia, blurred vision, redness, swelling and a well-established ulcer with an irregular yellowish-white area and overhanging margins. It then covers the etiology, noting that epithelial damage and infection can lead to ulcer formation. Common causative organisms include Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. The pathogenesis involves stages of infiltration, active ulceration, regression and cicatrization. Clinical examination may reveal inflammation, congestion and opacity.
1) Eye injuries can range from minor to serious and potentially blinding, including cuts, foreign objects, burns, and blunt trauma.
2) First aid for eye injuries includes flushing the eye with water for chemicals or foreign objects, covering cuts or embedded objects without pressure, and seeking immediate medical attention for serious injuries.
3) It is important never to rub the eye or attempt to remove any embedded objects, and to flush eyes exposed to chemicals for at least 15 minutes.
This document provides information on eye injuries and first aid responses. It describes different types of eye injuries like bleeding in the eye, direct trauma, chemical contamination, hyphema, infections, and allergies. For first aid, it advises not pressing or rubbing the injured eye, removing contact lenses or foreign objects. It provides steps for flushing foreign bodies or chemicals from the eye with water for 15 minutes. For cuts or punctures, chemical burns, or welder's flash, it recommends covering the eye and seeing a medical professional promptly.
In cataract surgery, the lens inside your eye that has become cloudy is removed and replaced with an artificial lens (called an intraocular lens, or IOL) to restore clear vision. The procedure typically is performed on an outpatient basis and does not require an overnight stay in a hospital or other care facility.
A cornea transplant is an operation to remove all or part of a damaged cornea and replace it with healthy donor tissue. A cornea transplant is often referred to as keratoplasty or a corneal graft. It can be used to improve sight, relieve pain and treat severe infection or damage.
More than 90% of individuals who suddenly lose sight in one eye do not receive information about managing their new monocular status. They require about a year to adapt, though adaptation is quicker if peripheral vision remains. For severe eye injuries or diseases, surgical removal (enucleation) is needed, followed by a custom prosthetic eye. Prosthetic eyes require regular replacement and adjustment due to socket changes over time.
Find out what a cataract surgery entailsmadhavjha4102
A cataract surgery treats cataracts in eyes. Cataracts can cause blurry vision or increase glare from lights. So, when you feel the cataracts are making it difficult for you to perform your normal activities, your doctor may recommend a cataract surgery.
Cataract Surgery Recovery Timeline: Navigating the Road to Clear Vision. Cataract surgery is a common and safe procedure, but understanding the recovery process can be overwhelming. Our blog is here to guide you through the recovery timeline, from pre-surgery preparation to post-surgery care. We'll cover the most common symptoms, tips for a speedy recovery and help you to set realistic expectations. Join us as we navigate the road to clear vision and regain your confidence.
Whether you’re on the beach, playing golf, or just walking outside, you need to take care of your eyes. Here are a few tips on how to protect your eyes from the sun this summer. For more: https://www.skouraseyeandcosmetic.com
This document provides information about cataracts and cataract surgery. It defines a cataract as a clouding of the lens of the eye that causes blurry vision. Risk factors for developing cataracts include older age, UV exposure, steroid or drug use, and diabetes. Symptoms include blurry vision, impaired night vision, faded colors, glare sensitivity, and halos around lights. Cataract surgery is a painless outpatient procedure where the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens to improve vision. Recovery from surgery involves some initial blurry or wavy vision that improves over days, brighter color perception, and follow-up visits with the doctor.
A congenital opacity of the crystalline lens. Cloudiness in the lens of the eye that is present at, or develops shortly after birth. Congenital cataracts are also the most frequent cause of leukocoria (white pupil) in children.
This document provides tips for eye health and protecting vision. It recommends sitting farther from computer screens to avoid eye strain from lights. Taking regular breaks to blink more and adjusting screen colors can help. Seeing an optician regularly for checkups and treatments is also suggested, as is wearing UV-protected glasses, eating a vitamin-rich diet, avoiding smoking, and drinking alcohol in moderation.
Lasik post operative instructions by dr. Michael Duplessie OphthalmologistMichael Duplessie
- The document provides post-operative instructions for patients who have undergone LASIK eye surgery. It details instructions regarding medication, diet, activities, visual recovery and symptoms patients may experience in the early postoperative period. Key points include using eye drops as prescribed, avoiding activities like swimming or hot tubs for a week, taking rest and wearing protective eyewear, and knowing that vision may fluctuate but gradually improve over months as recovery is completed. Patients are advised to contact the doctor if they experience severe pain or loss of vision.
The document provides dos and don'ts for after a tooth extraction. It advises taking rest for 3 days after the procedure and using a pillow to control bleeding. Patients should take any medications as prescribed by the dentist and maintain a soft, cold diet for 2 days to aid recovery. They should avoid spitting for 24 hours, using toothpicks on the extraction area, and forgeting to follow up with the dentist after a week.
Preparing for LASIK Surgery What You Need to Know.pptxGokuldas Hospital
LASIK stands for Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis. It’s a type of refractive surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea and improve vision. The procedure can correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. Now, before you book your LASIK surgery in Indore, you should know a few things to prepare yourself for the procedure.
This document provides information about cataract eye surgery and the recovery process. It explains that an eye specialist will test the patient's eyes to determine the correct intraocular lens power. Additional tests may be needed to ensure the lens size is accurate and that there are no other vision problems. The surgery takes about 15 minutes per eye and patients should follow up with their surgeon after a few days. During recovery, patients should use eye drops frequently, protect their eyes from light, and avoid certain activities until fully healed.
this slide precisely describes the important steps pre-operatively and post-operatively taken to prevent eye infections and post operative complications
The eyes are the most important and precious part of our human body. What will happen if we lose our eyesight? We will miss the color of this beautiful world if we lose our eyesight. As it is like a window to the world so we should take care of our eyes. For this, we should do a few things a regular basis like showing to an optician, having a sufficient amount sleep and while using computers, giving a steady rest, wearing colored contacts and so on. Let’s have a look at the below tips on what care is needed to keep your eyes in good shape.
This document provides training on eye protection safety. It discusses common causes of eye injuries like flying particles and chemicals. It notes that most injuries occur among craft workers and equipment operators. The document recommends always wearing appropriate eye protection that is properly fitted and maintained. It also suggests better training and education to prevent injuries. Specific guidance is given for preventing eyestrain from computers and first aid for various eye emergencies like chemicals, blows, and punctures.
1. The document discusses caring for an artificial eye, including proper insertion and removal techniques using fingers.
2. It provides health advice such as cleaning the prosthetic every few weeks and replacing it every 3-5 years.
3. The document also addresses alternative treatments for coping with vision loss, such as counseling and art therapy.
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For more information visit here;
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https://www.healthmantramagazines.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Healthmantra-Magazines.pdf
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2. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
Wash your hands before you instill eye drops.
Always shake the eye drop bottle before use and follow the
instructions to avoid any kind of infection or inflammation
1.
3. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
Keep a time gap in case of one or more eye drops and close the eye
for 30 to 60 seconds immediately for the drops to absorb well
2.
4. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
Wear a protective eye cover or eye patch while sleeping to prevent
from accidentally rubbing the operated eye
3.
5. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
Use UV protected sunglasses to protect your eye from direct
sunlight as well as the harmful rays of the sun
4.
6. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
You can bathe and wash your hair the next day but try not to get the
soap or water into the eye for at least one week
5.
7. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
You can eat everything after the surgery but try to stay away from
foods that may cause constipation, to avoid forceful pressure during
bowel movements
6.
8. Cataract Eye Surgery: Do’s
Visit your eye specialist as per the advice for an evaluation. In case
of any issue, it is advisable to consult the doctor as soon as possible
7.
9. Cataract Eye Surgery: Don'ts
Eye irritation, discharge after surgery, slight pain are common but
try not to treat yourself. Do not rub or itch, you can take
Paracetamol for pain but if the pain is not relieved, see the doctor
1.
10. Cataract Eye Surgery: Don'ts
Don’t bend from the waist to pick up anything as it can build
pressure on your eyes. Try bending from knees
2.
11. Cataract Eye Surgery: Don'ts
Do not lift any heavy weights for a week after surgery. Avoid any
kind of sports or strenuous exercises
3.
12. Cataract Eye Surgery: Don'ts
Avoid outdoor activities and crowded or dusty places, as the eye is
very sensitive and is prone to infection
4.
13. Cataract Eye Surgery: Don'ts
For women patients, it is advisable to stay away from eye makeup or
any kind of harmful chemicals for a week after surgery
5.
14. Cataract Eye Surgery: Things You Should Implement & Avoid
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