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Cataract
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- 2. DEFINITION OF CATARACT •Opacity of the lens, which occurs when fluid gathers between the lens fibres . • As a cataract develops, the lens becomes clouded, which scatters the light and prevents a sharply defined image from reaching retina. As a result, vision becomes blurred.
- 4. CAUSES OF CATARACT •Old age (commonest) • Ocular & systemic diseases • Diabetes Mellitus • Uveitis • Previous ocular surgery • Systemic medication • Steroids • Phenothiazines • Trauma & intraocular foreign bodies • Ionizing radiation • X-ray • UV • Congenital • Dominant • Sporadic • Part of a syndrome • Abnormal galactose metabolism • Hypoglycemia • Inherited abnormality • Myotonic dystrophy • Marfan’s syndrome • Rubella • High myopia 4
- 7. CATARACT DIVIDED TO : •ACQUIRED CATARACT Age - related cataract Presenile cataract Traumatic cataract Drug induced cataract Secondary cataract • CONGENITAL CATARACT Systemic association Non-systemic association
- 8. AGE -RELATED CATARACT Itis the Most commonly occurred. Classified according to: Morphological Classification • Nuclear • Cortical • Subcapsular Maturity classification • Immature Cataract • Mature Cataract • Hypermature Cataract
- 9. SYMPTOMS • Reduced visualacuity (near and distant object) • Glare in sunshine or with street/car lights. • Distortion of lines. • Diplopia. • Altered colours ( white objects appear yellowish) • Not associated with pain, discharge or redness of the eye • haloes
- 10. GRADUAL LOSS OFVISION Cataract Glaucoma Diabetic retinopathy Hypertensive retinopathy Age related macular degeneration Retinitis pigmentosa Trachoma Onchocerciasis (river blindness) Vitamin A deficiency
- 11. TREATMENT • Glasses: Cataractalters the refractive power of the natural lens so glasses may allow good vision to be maintained. • Surgical removal: when visual acuity can't be improved with glasses. • Surgical techniques • Phacoemulsification method. • Extracapsular method. • Intracapsular method
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- 16. POSTOPERATIVE CARE AFTER CATARACTSURGERY • Steroid drops (inflammation) • Antibiotic drops (infection) • Avoid • Very strenuous exertion (rise the pressure in the eyeball) • Ocular trauma.
- 17. COMPLICATIONS OF CATARACT SURGERY •permanent severe reduction of vision. •Most cases within two weeks of surgery. •Low grade infection with pathogen • Suprachoroidal haemorrhage . •Severe intraoperative bleeding can lead to serious and permanent reduction in vision.
- 18. • Uveitis • Ocularperforation. • Postoperative refractive error • Posterior capsular rupture and vitreous loss •Retinal detachment. •Glaucoma •Posterior capsular opacification
- 19. Congenital Cataract •Occur inabout 3:10000 live birth. •2/3 of case are bilateral (half of the cause can be identified) •The most common cause is genetic mutation usually AD •It can cause ambylopia in infants. •It is divided to: 1. Systemic association 2. Non-systemic association
- 20. BILATERAL CATARACTS INAN INFANT DUE TO CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME
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- 22. MANAGEMENT IN CONGENITAL CATARACT •Bilateralcongenital cataract require urgent surgery (lensectomy and vitrectomy) and the fitting of the contact lens to correct the aphakia. •After the age of 2 years there is a general agreement to use intraocular lenses (IOLs), but before is still controversial •Uniocular congenital cataract treatment remains controversial. •Follow-up for children with congenital cataract should continue because of the risk for developing •Glaucoma •Amblyopia •Strabismus
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