The document discusses catalysts and catalysis. It defines a catalyst as a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed. Catalysis is defined as the process by which catalysts increase reaction rates. One theory provided is that catalysts form intermediate compounds with reactants that are more reactive. Characteristics of catalysts mentioned are that small quantities are effective, different catalysts are needed for different reactions, and catalysts remain unchanged after reactions. Some industrial uses of catalysts and example catalysts are also listed.

1. By:-Mrs.A. R.Kamthe

3. The substance which alters the rate of
chemical reaction without taking part in the
reaction is called as catalyst.
The process of altering the rate of chemical
reaction by using catalyst is known as
catalysis.
Catalyst

14. Intermediate compound formation theory:
This theory was given by Clement and
Desormes in 1806
According to this theory one of the reactant
combines with catalyst and forms highly
reactive intermediate compound which reacts
with second reactant to obtain the product.
Intermediate compound formation theory is
applicable to homogeneous catalysis.

16. Characteristics of catalysts :
1) Very small quantity of catalyst is enough to increase
the rate of reaction .
2) A single catalyst cannot catalyze all the chemical
reactions (different reaction requires different
catalyst).
3) Catalyst can alter the rate of reaction but it can’t
stop or start the reaction.
4) The efficiency of a catalyst depends upon its
physical state.
5) A catalyst remains unchanged chemically at the end
of the reaction.

27. 7.Manufacture of chlorine gas (Cl2) by Deacon’s
process :
2 HCl + O2  H2O + Cl2
CuCl2
8.Sodium zeolite used for water softening also acts as
a catalyst.
9.Metals like Nickel , Platinum, Palladium,
Ruthenium, and Rhodium are used as a catalyst for
hydrogenation(oil to ghee conversion) of oil.

29. 1.Substances which alter the rate of chemical reaction without
undergoing any chemical change are called as ………
(a) Polymers (b) Catalysts
(c) Products (d) None of the above
2.The Process in which catalyst has a different phase to a
reaction mixture is known as ………
(a) Homogeneous catalysis (b) Hypergeneous catalyst
(c) Heterogeneous catalysis (d) Hypogeneous catalyst
3.Substances that reduce the effectiveness of a catalyst are
called……
(a) Promoters (b) Autocatalysts
(c) Inhibitors (d) None of the above

30. 4.A catalyst cannot affect……..
(a) Products (b) Rate of reaction
(c) Reactants (d) Both (a) & (c)
5.When catalyst & reactants are in the same phase , then it
is called………
(a) Homogeneous catalysis (b) Heterogeneous catalysis
(c) Autocatalysis (d) Catalysis
6.When a product acts as a catalyst then it is called
as……….
(a) Self catalysis (b) Positive catalysis
(c) Autocatalysis (d) Negative catalysis