This document discusses cassava agronomy research being conducted by IITA. It notes that cassava yields in Africa are typically much lower than potential yields, due to factors like soil degradation, lack of fertilizer recommendations, and insufficient knowledge of optimal planting and intercropping practices. IITA is working on various projects to develop improved agronomic techniques for cassava through on-farm trials evaluating the effects of fertilizers, plant spacing, variety selection, and intercropping. The goal is to close the gap between current and potential yields for this important crop in Africa.
B4FA 2012 Nigeria: Cassava Research in Nigeria - Emmanual Okogbeninb4fa
Presentation by Dr Emmanuel Okogbenin, National Root Crops Research Centre, Umudike, Nigeria
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Ibadan, Nigeria - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
B4FA 2012 Nigeria: Cassava Research in Nigeria - Emmanual Okogbeninb4fa
Presentation by Dr Emmanuel Okogbenin, National Root Crops Research Centre, Umudike, Nigeria
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Ibadan, Nigeria - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Pigeonpea Breeding- Present scenario, productivity and breeding constraints, Traditional and Recent Breeding approaches, Hybrid technology- GMS and CGMS based hybrids, Future strategies and Prospects, Research articles on pigeonpea breeding.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on May 25, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
PEARL MILLET
Pennisetum glaucum (2n = 14)
(Cumbu, Bajra, Bulrush millet)
Origin : West Africa.
Taxonomy : The genus pennisetum is having more than 140 species. Stapf (1954) has
divided the genus pennisetum in to five sections viz.,
1. Gymnothrix
2. Eupennisetum
3. Penicillaria
4. Heterostachya
5. Brevivalvula
The cultivated Pennisetum glaucum belongs to the section penicillaria.
Origin and putative parents.
Stapf included 32 species is penicillaria. Of these 32 species found is Africa, six
annuals are considered wild and probable ancestors of the cultivated one. They are
1. Pennisetum perottettii
2. P. molllissimum
3. P. violaceum
4. P. versicolor
5. P. adonense
6. P. gymnothrix
The cultivated species of pennisetum is believed to have originated thro’
hybridization with in these six species.
Wild species utilised in breeding :
The other species in this section is P.purpureum a rhizomatus perennial having
chromosome number 2n = 28
cumbu napier hybrid = BN1
Tetraploid x Diploid - Triploid.
P. squamulatum (2n = 46) - Drought and cold resistant having apomictic line crossed
with P.glaucum to evolve superior cold resistant fodder.
P. orientale : used for transferring apomixis.
P. setaceum P. violaceum : To transfer male sterile genes to P.glaucum
Inter generic crosses :
Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris or Pennisetum ciliare utilised to cross with cumbu
for fodder improvement
Pulses R & D in India by Dr. S K Datta, Deputy Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presentation at The Pulses Conclave 2014 by India Pulse & Grains Association, IPGA
STATUS OF HYBRID RICE BREEDING IN INDIA & ABROADVishal Pandey
Hybrids have the potential of yielding 15-20% more than the best pureline variety grown under similar conditions in Rice by exploiting the phenomenon of hybrid vigour or heterosis
In view of rapidly increasing population and declining natural resources, Hybrid rice is one of the most important and practically feasible technologies for increasing food-grain production, ensuring food security and boosting farmers income.
To further reduce the cost of hybrid rice seeds, Improvement in hybrid rice seed production technology is needed
Hybrid rice seed production technology is labour and knowledge intensive
There is a need for developing Hybrids suited to rainfed lowland as well as of longer duration to replace longer duration mega inbred varieties
Green revolution in wheat was brought through the "Dwarfing genes". This document describes all relevant information about major dwarfing genes in wheat and the mechanism how they cause dwarfism.
Rice (Oryza sativa L. 2n = 2x = 24) is a staple food for over half of the world's populationproviding 43% of calorie. Rice yield has experienced many fold jumps since the 1950s. This happened primarily as the result of genetic improvement and increasing harvest index by reducing plant height using the semi-dwarf genes and utilization of heterosis by producing hybrids. Heterosis is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring exhibits heterosis if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. Genetic basis of heterosis included overdominance, dominance, and additive effects.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Science-based approaches for efficient conservation and use of genetic resourcesICARDA
11-14 February 2019. Jodhpur, India. The 13th International Conference on Dryland Development
13 February: Satellite Symposium Dryland Agrobiodiversity for Adaptation to Climate Change
Conservation and use of agrobiodiversity in CWANA drylands, Ahmed Amri (see picture), ICARDA, Morocco Head of ICARDA's Genetic Resources Unit, which runs the GRU seed bank in Rabat.
World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
IndexBox Marketing has just published its report: "World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020". The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global cassava market. It presents the latest data of the market value, consumption, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and food balance. The report shows the sales data, allowing you to identify the key drivers and restraints. You can find here a strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market. Forecasts illustrate how the market will be transformed in the medium term. Profiles of the leading producers are also included.
Sun Exports India, SENCE Agric, DADTCO
Infographic - Cassava - A resilient crop with great potentialCIAT
Did you know that demand for dried cassava is increasing for livestock feed, industry and biofuel? Cassava is a resilient, climate-smart crop. 1/3 of the world production is grown in Asia.
Pigeonpea Breeding- Present scenario, productivity and breeding constraints, Traditional and Recent Breeding approaches, Hybrid technology- GMS and CGMS based hybrids, Future strategies and Prospects, Research articles on pigeonpea breeding.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on May 25, 2017 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
PEARL MILLET
Pennisetum glaucum (2n = 14)
(Cumbu, Bajra, Bulrush millet)
Origin : West Africa.
Taxonomy : The genus pennisetum is having more than 140 species. Stapf (1954) has
divided the genus pennisetum in to five sections viz.,
1. Gymnothrix
2. Eupennisetum
3. Penicillaria
4. Heterostachya
5. Brevivalvula
The cultivated Pennisetum glaucum belongs to the section penicillaria.
Origin and putative parents.
Stapf included 32 species is penicillaria. Of these 32 species found is Africa, six
annuals are considered wild and probable ancestors of the cultivated one. They are
1. Pennisetum perottettii
2. P. molllissimum
3. P. violaceum
4. P. versicolor
5. P. adonense
6. P. gymnothrix
The cultivated species of pennisetum is believed to have originated thro’
hybridization with in these six species.
Wild species utilised in breeding :
The other species in this section is P.purpureum a rhizomatus perennial having
chromosome number 2n = 28
cumbu napier hybrid = BN1
Tetraploid x Diploid - Triploid.
P. squamulatum (2n = 46) - Drought and cold resistant having apomictic line crossed
with P.glaucum to evolve superior cold resistant fodder.
P. orientale : used for transferring apomixis.
P. setaceum P. violaceum : To transfer male sterile genes to P.glaucum
Inter generic crosses :
Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris or Pennisetum ciliare utilised to cross with cumbu
for fodder improvement
Pulses R & D in India by Dr. S K Datta, Deputy Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presentation at The Pulses Conclave 2014 by India Pulse & Grains Association, IPGA
STATUS OF HYBRID RICE BREEDING IN INDIA & ABROADVishal Pandey
Hybrids have the potential of yielding 15-20% more than the best pureline variety grown under similar conditions in Rice by exploiting the phenomenon of hybrid vigour or heterosis
In view of rapidly increasing population and declining natural resources, Hybrid rice is one of the most important and practically feasible technologies for increasing food-grain production, ensuring food security and boosting farmers income.
To further reduce the cost of hybrid rice seeds, Improvement in hybrid rice seed production technology is needed
Hybrid rice seed production technology is labour and knowledge intensive
There is a need for developing Hybrids suited to rainfed lowland as well as of longer duration to replace longer duration mega inbred varieties
Green revolution in wheat was brought through the "Dwarfing genes". This document describes all relevant information about major dwarfing genes in wheat and the mechanism how they cause dwarfism.
Rice (Oryza sativa L. 2n = 2x = 24) is a staple food for over half of the world's populationproviding 43% of calorie. Rice yield has experienced many fold jumps since the 1950s. This happened primarily as the result of genetic improvement and increasing harvest index by reducing plant height using the semi-dwarf genes and utilization of heterosis by producing hybrids. Heterosis is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring exhibits heterosis if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. Genetic basis of heterosis included overdominance, dominance, and additive effects.
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Science-based approaches for efficient conservation and use of genetic resourcesICARDA
11-14 February 2019. Jodhpur, India. The 13th International Conference on Dryland Development
13 February: Satellite Symposium Dryland Agrobiodiversity for Adaptation to Climate Change
Conservation and use of agrobiodiversity in CWANA drylands, Ahmed Amri (see picture), ICARDA, Morocco Head of ICARDA's Genetic Resources Unit, which runs the GRU seed bank in Rabat.
World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020IndexBox Marketing
IndexBox Marketing has just published its report: "World: Cassava - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020". The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global cassava market. It presents the latest data of the market value, consumption, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and food balance. The report shows the sales data, allowing you to identify the key drivers and restraints. You can find here a strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market. Forecasts illustrate how the market will be transformed in the medium term. Profiles of the leading producers are also included.
Sun Exports India, SENCE Agric, DADTCO
Infographic - Cassava - A resilient crop with great potentialCIAT
Did you know that demand for dried cassava is increasing for livestock feed, industry and biofuel? Cassava is a resilient, climate-smart crop. 1/3 of the world production is grown in Asia.
Cassava Morphological Characteristics
Importance of Cassava
cassava breeding approach
importance of cassava
trait evaluation at different breeding stages
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Marker-assisted selection in cassava production - Esther ...b4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB)
Presentation at the Cassava Value Chains Workshop
CIAT, Cali, Colombia. 24-26 August 2016
Speaker: Glenn Hyman
From Not-Want to Waste-Not: cassava peels as productCIAT
Presentation at the Cassava Value Chains Workshop
CIAT, Cali, Colombia. 24-26 August 2016
Speakers: I Okike, A Samireddypalle, ML Fadiga, D Enahoro, P Kulakow, G Thiele, C Fauquet, M Blummel
FAO study on postharvest losses of cassava, mango and tomato in Trinidad and ...FAO
Estudio de pérdidas en poscosecha de mango, tomate y yuca en Trinidad y Tobago, Guyana y Santa Lucía. Presentación realizada por Majeed Mohammed y Kelvin Craig (University of the West Indies), en el marco de la Consulta Regional a Expertos en Pérdidas y Desperdicios de Alimentos en América Latina y el Caribe, realizada los días 8, 9 y 10 de octubre de 2014 en Santiago de Chile.
Dr. Douglas Miano - Overview of the Virus Resistant Cassava (VIRCA) ProjectISAAA AfriCenter Slides
Dr. Douglas Miano provides an overview of the Virus Resistant Cassava (VIRCA) project. VIRCA is an ongoing biotech research project in Kenya and Uganda seeking to develop a virus resistant cassava variety.The cassava variety being developed is resistant to Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD).
Presenter: T.M. Thiyagarajan
Institution: Agricultural College & Research Institute Killikulam, Vallanadu 628 252 Tamil Nadu
Presented at: World Rice Research Conference, Tsukuba, Japan
Subject Country: Tamil Nadu, India
Competing uses, dynamics, and production and utilization constraints of crop ...ILRI
Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, Gedion Rachier, Dagnachew Lule, Mesfin Bahta, Diego Valbuena, Alan Duncan and Gerard Bruno at the International Congress on Water 2011, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 19-26 September 2011.
Presenter: Zhu Defeng
Slides from a powerpoint presentationmade to a workshop on SRI, held at theWorld Rice Research Conference,Tsukuba, Japan, November 7, 2004
Audience: World Rice Research Conference, Japan
Subject Country: China
Evidence for scaling-up evergreen agriculture to increase productivity and re...africa-rising
Presented by Anthony Kimaro (ICRAF) and Elirehema Swai (ARI-Hombolo) at the Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
Propagation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by tissue culture Abdul Hakim Salehi
Seminar Presented by Abdul Hakim Salehi,
Sr. MSc.(Hort) Fruit Science Department
College of Horticulture Bengaluru,
University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot
MacDon Drapers prove big yields and minimal seed loss.
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Food Processing and Preservation Presentation.pptxdengejnr13
The presentation covers key areas on food processing and preservation highlighting the traditional methods and the current, modern methods applicable worldwide for both small and large scale.
1. Cassava
What do we know about the crop?
Stefan Hauser, Root & Tuber Crop Systems Agronomist
2. Total Nigeria
Soil management nutrient supply 81 55
Soil management intercropping 29 19
Soil management tillage 12 8
Soil management green manure 6 4
Soil management mulch 5 5
Soil management alley cropping 12 8
Crop management 30 22
Pest & disease management 6 1
Climate 1 1
182 123
What has been published?
3. What is IITA working on in the Agronomy and
Natural Resource Management domain?
RTB – Root & Tuber Agronomy:
Effect of compost lime and fertilizer on leaf an root yields of 3 cassava varieties.
Effect of planting sick size and position and fertilizer application on germination and root
yield of two cassava varieties.
Effect of fallow type, biomass management and fertilizer on cassava root yield in
Cameroon .
SARD SC:
Root yield response of 9 cassava varieties to fertilizer and leaf harvest .
Root yield response of 6 cassava varieties to fertilizer and different leaf harvest intensities
CRP Maize:
Compatibility of maize and cassava varieties for intercropping and effects of fertilizer and
leaf harvest in DR Congo
These are the small ones . . . . .
4. Sustainable Weed Management in Cassava
Systems:
Agronomic measures to reduce weed pressure,
effects of reduced weeding and weeding method
and mechanical weeding options
5. African Cassava Agronomy Initiative
demand-driven development of agronomy interventions,
focusing on specific needs of development and
private sector partners.
6. ACAI (African Cassava Agronomy Initiative):
Linked to input supply and fertilizer industry
• Site-specific fertilizer recommendations
• New fertilizer blends optimized for cassava production in
major cassava-growing areas
General for all cassava growers
• Best planting practices (tillage, density, fertilizer application)
• Optimal intercropping practices (focus on maize in Nigeria)
Linked to output markets
• More continuous supply to processing factories by staggering
planting and harvesting
• Increased starch yields (higher DM and starch content)
Cassava agronomy technology options: 6 use cases
7. Why now on-farm cassava
agronomy trials?
YIELD
In cassava we may
well look at a yield
gap equivalent to
90% of the yield
potential.
80 Mg ha-1 fresh
roots are often
quoted as a potential
but on single plant
basis 120 Mg ha-1 are
possible.
8. Currently the focus in research
is still on germplasm improvement.
Certainly important but
will not solve production
problems in the long term
9. Yield of improved vs local
cassava varieties
CNN reported 50 t/ha by Zimbabwean farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Edo
Bayelsa
Cross River
Akwa Ibom
Ebonyi
Enugu
Anambra
Imo
Rivers
Delta
Abia
Yield across States (t/ha)
0 5 1510 20 25 30 35
Improved varieties
Local varieties
10. Some of the reasons are:
•Bad misconceptions of crop requirements (cassava),
•Low level of mechanization,
•Soil degradation, unsuitable tillage systems
•Lack of reliable recommendations on fertilizer use,
•Unavailability of suitable herbicides,
•Insufficient knowledge on the crops’ responses to
intercrops
•Insufficient knowledge on profitable input use (economics)
•Low level of intensification,
•Small scale production,
14. The actual heterogeneity of a cassava
population (plot or treatment) is rather high in
both, above ground mass and tuberised root
mass.
Individual cassava plants separated into leaf bearing branches stem and roots, Kiyaka, Nov. 2011
15. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent plants
Relativecontributiontoyield
Cultivar Zizila,
12 MAP, leaves not harvested,
Mvuazi, Bas Congo
Relative contribution to the yield of individual plants of a cassava variety
in DR Congo planted at 1 x 1m (10000 ha-1).
87.7% of root mass deemed suitable,
11.56 Mg ha-1 fresh roots
16. Variety Sadisa, 12 MAP, Kiyaka, Bandundu, DR Congo
Root fresh mass = 1.26 stem & leaf fresh mass
r
2
= 0.8625, N=192
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Stem and leaf fresh mass
Rootfreshmass
Sadisa, 12 MAP, 22.6 Mg ha-1
22. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Cassavafreshrootyield(Mg/ha)
Moniya 2 Ido 2
Moniya 1 Ido 1
mean 15.0
mean 18.1
114 plots, equiv. to 59.4% larger than
the National average (12.5 Mg/ha)
173 plots, equiv. to 90.1% larger than
the National average (12.5 Mg/ha)
Yield distribution in 1st and 2nd season at Moniya and Ido
23. 0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Usefulcassavafreshrootyield(Kgha-1)
Sequential plot number in descending order of yield
1st season
2nd season
Double Nationalaverage
25000 Kg ha-1
Nationalaverage
12500 Kg ha-1
Mean 13380 Kg ha-1
Mean 16150 Kg ha-1
Yield distribution in 1st and 2nd
season at 15 sites in Nigeria
26. www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
26
Clearly - there is no shortage of open questions in
cassava agronomy and crop husbandry in SSA.
Conclusion
Thank you