Estudio de pérdidas en poscosecha de mango, tomate y yuca en Trinidad y Tobago, Guyana y Santa Lucía. Presentación realizada por Majeed Mohammed y Kelvin Craig (University of the West Indies), en el marco de la Consulta Regional a Expertos en Pérdidas y Desperdicios de Alimentos en América Latina y el Caribe, realizada los días 8, 9 y 10 de octubre de 2014 en Santiago de Chile.

1. FAO POSTHARVEST LLOOSSSSEESS SSTTUUDDYY
((CCAASSSSAAVVAA)):: CCAARRIICCOOMM
MMAARRKKEETTIINNGG && EECCOONNOOMMIICCSS
KKeellvviinn CCrraaiigg aanndd MMaajjeeeedd MMoohhaammmmeedd

2. PROEJCT OOUUTTCCOOMMEE AANNDD OOUUTTPPUUTTSS
 Overall Outcome: Increased capacity of CARICOM member
countries to sustainably reduce postharvest loss. The project
has the following outputs:
 (i) Appropriate and cost-effective technical solutions for
reduction of postharvest losses identified and promoted;
 (ii) CARICOM national governments and institutions have
their awareness raised to address postharvest losses increased
 (iii) Capacity of chain actors and service providers
strengthened and interventions piloted and
 (iv) Appropriate technologies and approaches to reduce
postharvest food loss diffused to stakeholders.

3. SSTT.. LLUUCCIIAA
GGUUYYAANNAA
TTRRIINNIIDDAADD && TTOOBBAAGGOO

4. CCAASSSSAAVVAA

5. CASSAVA VARIETIES
 Several cassava varieties under cultivation
 Guyana: Some of these are Four Month,
Brancha, Butterstick, Uncle Mack, M Mex 59, Mex
52, Red Stem and Bad Woman.
 Trinidad and Tobago: Traditional varieties
included Maracas Black Stick. Butter Stick and
MCOL. Current popular variety - MMEX.
 St. Lucia: MCOL variety - introduced by CARDI in
recent years.

6. DESCRIPTION OF MKT SYSTEM & CASSAVA PRODUCTS
MARKETED IN GUYANA (1)
 Produced in all ten Regions of Guyana across
varying soil types.
 The Parika/Salem/Ruby area of Region 3 and the
Craig/Friendship area of Region 4 are the main
producing areas of the coastal regions.
 Demand for fresh cassava tubers on the coast
modest if not weak and does not appear to be
growing.
 Used by coastlanders in meals such as: metegee
dry food; boil and fry; cassava bread, cassava
chips, or cassava pone; and egg ball

7. DESCRIPTION OF MKT SYSTEM & CASSAVA PRODUCTS
MARKETED IN GUYANA (2)
 Strong market demand for farine and
cassava bread in the interior regions.
 Amerindians traditionally use farine and
cassava bread as staples and a range of
fermented drinks. The expansion of the
gold / diamond mining enterprises
particularly with the influx of Brazilians in
recent years has put pressure on the
relatively small quantities of cassava, the
raw material for farine.

8. TRAVELLING TO CCAASSSSAAVVAA PPRROODDUUCCIINNGG
AARREEAASS -- GGUUYYAANNAA

9. CCAASSSSAAVVAA PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
DDOOUUCCHHFFOOUURR,, EEAASSTT CCOOAASSTT DDEEMMEERRAARRAA,,
GGUUYYAANNAA

10. CCAASSSSAAVVAA PPRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
RREEWWAA VVIILLLLAAGGEE,, RRUUPPUUNNNNUUNNII,, GGUUYYAANNAA

11. DESCRIPTION OF MKT SYSTEM & CASSAVA PRODUCTS
MARKETED IN TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (1)
 Grown throughout the island in a wide range of
soil types.
 The highest areas of production in Trinidad
include Bejucal, Brasso, Caparo, Rio Claro,
Freeport.
 In Tobago - concentrated in areas such as Les
Coteaux, Glamorgan and Belle Garden.
 In Trinidad cassava is eaten boiled, fried as a
dominant starch food component in main dishes
with meat and fish.
 Cassava is also processed into frozen cassava
logs, cubes, purees for the baking industry,
pone mix, patties, fries, flour, and bread.

12. DESCRIPTION OF MKT SYSTEM & CASSAVA PRODUCTS
MARKETED IN TRINIDAD & TOBAGO (2)
 In Tobago a more diversified and innovative
range of cassava value-added products are
produced.
 These include: cassola, fruit cake, punch, colada,
khurma, callaloo, quiche, coocoo, granola, farine,
wine, pizza, bread, ice cream, animal feed, pone
puff and pastelles.
 Products are manufactured by Tobago Cassava
Products Ltd., a company under the Tobago
House of Assembly (THA) which was established
in 2009.

13. DESCRIPTION OF MKT SYSTEM & CASSAVA PRODUCTS
MARKETED IN ST LUCIA (1)
 Produced primarily in Region 2 (La Bonne /
Deborras), Region 3 (Dennery), Region 4
(Micoud) and Region 7 (Canaries).
 Demand for fresh cassava tubers (sweet cassava)
weak - dasheen, yam and sweet potatoes more
popular.
 In recent years supply growing in response to
demand from non St. Lucians in the country.
 Production initiative led by CARDI which
introduced the MCOL variety.
 St. Lucian farmers have traditionally produced
bitter cassava - used in farine and cassava
bread production.

14. DESCRIPTION OF MKT SYSTEM & CASSAVA PRODUCTS
MARKETED IN ST LUCIA (2)
 Plas Kassav produces and markets a range of
cassava products – regular cassava bread, a
range of sweet-flavoured cassava breads as well
as smoked herring cassava bread.
 Commercial-scale farine making equipment
used in the industry in St. Lucia.
 In comparison with Guyana (while there are some
exceptions), this is very sophisticated equipment
as Guyana’s farine industry is largely still based
on traditional equipment made by the
Amerindians.

15. TYPICAL ROAD TRANSPORT OF CASSAVA TTOO MMAARRKKEETTSS::
CCAARRIICCOOMM

16. MAJOR CASSAVA SUPPLYING AREAS (1)
 Guyana – Parika / Salem area of East Bank
Essequibo (Region 3) and the Craig / Friendship
area of East Bank Demerara (Region 4).
 Trinidad – Cunupia / Caparo area of Central
Trinidad.
 St. Lucia - Regions 2 (La bonne / Deborras), 3
(Dennery), 4 (Micoud)and 7 (Canaries)

17. TTRRIINNIIDDAADD // GGUUYYAANNAA
CCAASSSSAAVVAA SSUUPPPPLLYY CCHHAAIINN
Farmers
Hotels/
Supermarket
s
Middlemen
Processor
s
Municipal Markets/
Roadside Stalls
Hotels /
Supermarkets
Consumers

18. SSTT LLUUCCIIAA
CCAASSSSAAVVAA SSUUPPPPLLYY CCHHAAIINN
Caribbean Agricultural Farmers
Research and
Development Institute
Sweet Cassava
Bitter Cassava
Farine Processors /
Cassava Bread
Manufacturers
Supermarkets
CONSUMERS
Public
Markets
St. Lucia
Marketing
Board
Consolidated
Foods Ltd.
Consolidate
Foods Ltd
Super J
Supermarket
Chain
Super J
Supermarket
Chain
St. Lucia
Marketing Board
Retail Outlet

19. MAKING CASSAVA BREAD – ST IGNATIUS, RRUUPPUUNNUUNNII,, GGUUYYAANNAA

20. PROCESSING EQUIPMENT –– TTAAPPAAKKUUMMAA CCAASSSSAAVVAA
PPRROOCCEESSSSIINNGG FFAACCTTOORRYY
GGUUYYAANNAA

21. SOLAR DRYER – TAPAKUMA CASSAVA PPRROOCCEESSSSIINNGG FFAACCTTOORRYY
GGUUYYAANNAA

22. Critical
Loss Point
Magnitude
of Losses
%
Value of
Annual
Production
(USD)
Economic
Loss (USD)
Field Harvest
CLP#1
3.5 2,500,000 87,500
Packhouse
CLP#2
3.5 87,500
Retail Marketing
CLP#3
13.0 325,000
Total 20.0 500,000
US$1.00 = TT$6.40
Economic Loss Associated wwiitthh RReessppeeccttiivvee CCLLPPss ––
CCaassssaavvaa TTrriinniiddaadd
CALCULATING ECONOMIC LOSS - CASSAVA TT

23. Economic Loss Associated wwiitthh RReessppeeccttiivvee CCLLPPss ––
CCaassssaavvaa GGuuyyaannaa
Critical
Loss Point
Magnitude
of Losses %
Value of
Annual
Production
(USD)
Economic
Loss (USD)
Field Harvest
CLP#1
6.5 3,650,516 237,284
Packhouse
CLP#2
2.0 73,010
Retail Marketing
CLP#3
14.5 529,325
Total 23.0 839,619
US$1.00 = GYD$200.00
EEccoonnoommiicc LLoossss AAssssoocciiaatteedd wwiitthh RReessppeeccttiivvee CCLLPPss –– CCaassssaavvaa
GGuuyyaannaa
CALCULATING ECONOMIC LOSS - CASSAVA GUYANA

24. CASSAVA VALUE-ADDED PPRROODDUUCCTTSS -- GGUUYYAANNAA
Mini Cassava Bread Cassava Bread Squares
Cassava Cassareep

25. CASSAVA VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS –– TTRRIINNIIDDAADD && TTOOBBAAGGOO
Cassava Fruit Cake
Cassava Khurma

26. CASSAVA VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS – TRINIIDAD && SSTT LLUUCCIIAA
Cassava Colada Cassava Bread

27. Critical
Loss Point
Cause of
Loss
Interventio
ns to
Reduce
Losses
Cost of
Interventio
n (US$)
Risks
Field Harvest
CLP#1
Wounds,
VS1, 2,
decay
(Trinidad &
Tobago);
Wounds,
heat,
desiccation
(Guyana)
Avoid heat,
fungicidal
treatment,
harvesting aids,
crates, logistics
management,
credit facility
Cost of
equipment =
US$500; supplies
= US$450 and
training =
US$6000
No perceivable
risks
Packhouse
CLP#2
Workshops,
Modified
Atmosphere
Packaging
(MAP), waxing,
training
Cost of supplies
(wax) = US$300
and training =
US$4000
Retail
Marketing
CLP#3
SUMMARY OF LOSSES – CAUSES, SOLUTIONS AND COSTS

28. CASSAVA VALUE-ADDED PPRROODDUUCCTTSS OOFF CCAARRIICCOOMM
Egg Balls Cassava Pone
Cassava Bread

29. TTHHAANNKK YYOOUU