The document discusses unemployment and its causes, effects, and types. It notes that over 70% of the Philippines' labor force has low levels of education. Unemployment can cause mental health issues, loss of income, and loss of skills over time. The main types of unemployment mentioned are seasonal, cyclical, frictional, technical, and disguised unemployment. The document also discusses underemployment and argues that vocational training could help address mismatches between education and labor market needs. It notes vocational programs provide practical skills without the costs of more formal schooling.

1. by: Ivy Lontoc Capistrano

2. - occurs when
people are without
work and actively
seeking work.
Unemployment

3. Involuntary
Voluntary

4. Philippines January 20131/
January 2012
Population 15 years and over (in 000)2/
63,682 62,683
Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 64.1 64.2
Employment Rate (%) 92.9 92.8
Unemployment Rate (%) 7.1 7.2
Underemployment Rate (%) 20.9 18.
Estimates for January
2013 are preliminary and
may change.

5. The Philippines topped Indonesia,
Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,
China and South Korea in terms of
the unemployment rate, the BLES
said.
The total number of
unemployed persons in the
country reached 2.9 million in
January 2012 or 7.2% of the
40.3 million Filipinos in the
labor force. This was lower
than the 7.4% unemployment
rate recorded in the same
period last year.
Bureau of Labor and
Employment
Statistics (BLES)

6. Causes of unemployment:
Over 70% of total labour force is illiterate or
educated below primary level
Agriculture – backward farming 70 % population
depend on it

7. Effects in Individual:
As well as anxiety, it can cause
depression, lack of confidence, and huge
amounts of stress. They will begin to lose
social contacts, and good social skills.

8. Effects in Individual: Unemployed individuals are
unable to earn money to
meet financial obligations.
Failure to pay mortgage
payments or to pay rent may
lead to
homelessness through forec
losure or eviction.

9. Effects in Social :
During a long period of
unemployment, workers can
lose their skills, causing a
loss of human capital. Being
unemployed can also
reduce the life expectancy of
workers by about 7 years.

10. Types of
UNEMPLOYMENT

11. SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT

12. CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT

13. TECHNICAL UNEMPLOYMENT

14. FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
- This is a type of voluntary
unemployment that arises
because of the time needed to
match job seekers with job
openings. Just as friction
always takes place before the
slider comes to its final
position on the
surface, people need time to
find the best job, thus
voluntarily rubbing back and
forth between choices and
staying.

15. DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT
- When more people are
engaged in some activity
than the number of person
required for that, this is
called disguised
unemployment. Disguised
unemployment exists
where part of the labor
force is either left without
work or is working in a
redundant manner where
worker productivity is
essentially zero.

17. Under employment can also refer to:
1. "Overqualification" or
"overeducation", or
the employment of workers
with high
education, skill levels, or
experience in jobs that do
not require such abilities.

18. Under employment can also refer to:
2. "Involuntary part-time"
work, where workers who
could (and would like to)
be working for a full work-
week can only find part-
time work.

19. Under employment can also refer to:
3. "Overstaffing" or "hidden
unemployment" (also called
"labor hoarding"), the practice
in which businesses or
entire economies employ
workers who are not fully
occupied.

20. Education is
the solution?

21. The most important lesson I have
learned is that education just doesn't
prepare you for what comes next. Your
degree might teach you the skills you
need for a workplace or career
field, but it won't show you how to get
there !
INTRODUCTION

22. Formal education is not always the best way to give people practical
skills. Educational programmes are seldom an initiative of
governments, and are frequently based on generic
recommendations, more than on the specific needs of the economy.
The result is a continuous mismatch between education provided
and labour market requirements.
Wangari Maathai

23. A solution to this would be the development of
vocational training programmes. They have been
identified as a useful tool to give young people technical
skills that are immediately usable without having the
problems of school fees and related costs.
"The increase in the numbers of youth in secondary
and tertiary education is a positive development;
however, labour markets in many countries are presently
unable to accommodate the expanding pools of skilled
young graduates."

24. Technical Vocational Training and Education is the
provision of skills, knowledge, attitude and values
needed at work. In contrast to general
education, learning in TVET is centred on applied, as
opposed to academic; it is about practical, as opposed
to theory; and it is about skills, as opposed to
simplicity. It is meant to prepare learners for careers
based on manual and practical activities and relates
to a specific trade in which the learner
participates, hence the term vocational, while
technical means that the learner directly develops
expertise in a particular group of techniques.

28. I would give the same advice that
I would give myself: be brave, be
flexible and look forward. Because
once the door of education closes
behind you there is really no other
direction in which to go.
CONCLUTION