This document provides information on screening of cardiac glycosides. It begins with the anatomy and physiology of the heart and causes of cardiac failure. It then discusses drugs used to treat cardiac failure, including their modes of action. Various in vivo and in vitro screening tests for cardiac glycosides are described, such as frog heart assays, rat and dog models of heart failure, and guinea pig aortic binding models. Parameters for evaluating test compounds like ED50 values are also mentioned. The document concludes with details on decay rate and absorption rate determination methods for cardiac glycosides.
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunumVISHALJADHAV100
Overview of Discussion
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Drugs and solutions used in rabbit intestine experiment
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching methodVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of histamine standard solution
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 10 effect of spasmogens and spasmolytics using rabbit jejunumVISHALJADHAV100
Overview of Discussion
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Drugs and solutions used in rabbit intestine experiment
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Bioassay of histamine using guinea pig ileum by matching methodVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of histamine standard solution
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 7 Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum by four point bioassayVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh stock and standard solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 9 Effect of atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using rat ileumVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Atropine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 8 Effect of physostigmine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abd...VISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Physostigmine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation of magnification value (Mf)
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motilityVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Preparation of Tyrode solution
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and Interpretation
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
SCREENING MODELS OF ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENT.docxTUSHARUNDHAD3
SCREENING MODELS OF ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENT.docx
1.INTRODUCTION
2.LIPOPROTEIN
3.RISK FACTORS
4.DIETARY SOURCE OF 5.CHOLESTEROL
6.CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENT
7.SCREENING MODELS OF ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENT
(A) In Vivo Models:
1.Triton induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rat
2.Cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis in rabbits (High fat diet)
3.Hereditary hyperlipidemia in rabbits
4.Hypolipidemic activity in Syrian hamsters
5.Transgenic animal model
6.Hereditary hypercholesteremia in rats
7. IV lipid tolerance test in rat
8.Efect of HMG COA reduction inhibition in vivo
9.Fructose induce hyperglycemia in rat
10.Cholestylamine binding
(B) In Vitro Models:
1.Inhibition of isolated HMG COA reductase inhibitors
2.ACAT inhibitory model
Prof. Mridul Panditrao's Peri-operative Management of Jehovah's Witness Patient Prof. Mridul Panditrao
A case report of Emergency Peri-operative Mnagement of a Jehovah's Witness patient.
Because of their peculear religious belief, these patients do not accept Blood and It's products. This can pose serious problems to the Anesthesiologist.
Expt. 7 Bioassay of acetylcholine using rat ileum by four point bioassayVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh stock and standard solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Result and interpretation
Expt. 9 Effect of atropine on DRC of acetylcholine using rat ileumVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Atropine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of Tyrode solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 8 Effect of physostigmine on DRC of acetylcholine using frog rectus abd...VISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Experimental specifications (conditions)
Preparation of ACh and Physostigmine stock and std. solutions
Preparation of frog ringer solution (PSS)
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Calculation of magnification value (Mf)
Graphical presentation of CRC/ DRC
Result and interpretation
Expt. 6 Study of effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motilityVISHALJADHAV100
Objective
Principle
Requirements
Preparation of Tyrode solution
Procedure
Kymograph recording of contractions
Observation table
Result and Interpretation
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
SCREENING MODELS OF ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENT.docxTUSHARUNDHAD3
SCREENING MODELS OF ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENT.docx
1.INTRODUCTION
2.LIPOPROTEIN
3.RISK FACTORS
4.DIETARY SOURCE OF 5.CHOLESTEROL
6.CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENT
7.SCREENING MODELS OF ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC AGENT
(A) In Vivo Models:
1.Triton induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rat
2.Cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis in rabbits (High fat diet)
3.Hereditary hyperlipidemia in rabbits
4.Hypolipidemic activity in Syrian hamsters
5.Transgenic animal model
6.Hereditary hypercholesteremia in rats
7. IV lipid tolerance test in rat
8.Efect of HMG COA reduction inhibition in vivo
9.Fructose induce hyperglycemia in rat
10.Cholestylamine binding
(B) In Vitro Models:
1.Inhibition of isolated HMG COA reductase inhibitors
2.ACAT inhibitory model
Prof. Mridul Panditrao's Peri-operative Management of Jehovah's Witness Patient Prof. Mridul Panditrao
A case report of Emergency Peri-operative Mnagement of a Jehovah's Witness patient.
Because of their peculear religious belief, these patients do not accept Blood and It's products. This can pose serious problems to the Anesthesiologist.
Targeting a continuous learning process, this presentation helps ER workers to react with positive impacts applied, focusing at the patient for a better quality service
Effect of carvedilol on atrial remodeling in canine model of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jun Kishihara, Shinichi Niwano, Hiroe Niwano, Yuya Aoyama, Akira Satoh, Jun Oikawa, Michiro Kiryu, Hidehira Fukaya, Yoshihiko Masaki, Hideaki Tamaki, Tohru Izumi, Junya Ako
sceening of anti arrythmic drug by apurva.pdfApurva Pawar
screening method for anti arrhythmic drugs in preclinical pharmacology. In screening rats are used and the main method Legendroff's technique, various apparatus are used like board for a animal holding, O2 cyliner etc.
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Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
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Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
5. 55
Heart failure is a complex of signs and symptoms that occurs when the heart
fails to pump an adequate cardiac output.
Starling’s Curve for normal and falling heart
10. 1010
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDECARDIAC GLYCOSIDE
It is +ve inotropic. (Increase force of contraction.)It is +ve inotropic. (Increase force of contraction.)
Cardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of heartCardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of heart
conditions, namely atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and cardiacconditions, namely atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and cardiac
arrhythmia.arrhythmia.
They increses myocardial contractality & output inThey increses myocardial contractality & output in
hypodynamic heart with incerseing Ohypodynamic heart with incerseing O22 consumtion & notconsumtion & not
increses heart rate.increses heart rate.
11. 1111
Mode of actionMode of action2,3,4,6,112,3,4,6,11
An increase of force of contraction via inhibition of the
Na+/K+ATPase pump
A decrease of conduction of electrical impulses through the
AV node.
12. 1212
Mode of actionMode of action
3Na+2K+ Ca++
A
T
P
Na+
Na+3Na+2K+ Ca++
Ca++
S.R.
PLASMA MEMBRAINE
Na+/K+
ATPase
Ca++
Chanal
Cardiac
glycoside
inhibit
+
15. 1515
Frog Method Assay. USPFrog Method Assay. USP..11
Frog(20-30g)Frog(20-30g)
In ventral lymph sac Digitalis injectIn ventral lymph sac Digitalis inject
(0.015mg/g of body wt.)(0.015mg/g of body wt.)
Heart is removeHeart is remove
Typical resultTypical result
1) systolic arrest of ventricle.1) systolic arrest of ventricle.
2) widely dilated atrium.2) widely dilated atrium.
calculate % of animal deadcalculate % of animal dead
in test Vs international std.in test Vs international std.
16. 1616
Digitalis action on hypodynamic frog heartDigitalis action on hypodynamic frog heart
PRINCIPLE:-PRINCIPLE:-
Inability to contract to physiological normal it is said to be aInability to contract to physiological normal it is said to be a
hypodynamic heart.hypodynamic heart.
PROCEDURE:-PROCEDURE:-
Perfuse frog heartPerfuse frog heart
Record the normal effect on heart & digoxine in increasing conc.Record the normal effect on heart & digoxine in increasing conc.
(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.5ml)(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.5ml)
Rrplace the riger solution with hypodynamic riger solution containingRrplace the riger solution with hypodynamic riger solution containing
¼ calcium then ringer solution¼ calcium then ringer solution
Note the change by recording graphNote the change by recording graph
17. 1717
Then administered digoxine inpresence of modified riger solutionThen administered digoxine inpresence of modified riger solution
(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.5ml)(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.5ml)
Note the change in contractilityNote the change in contractility
EVALUATION:-EVALUATION:-
Compare the responses of these drugs in normal &Compare the responses of these drugs in normal &
hypodynamic heart.hypodynamic heart.
21. 2121
1)1) Cardiac toxicity in Cats.Cardiac toxicity in Cats.
(Hatcher’s Method.)(Hatcher’s Method.)11
Purpose & Rational:-Purpose & Rational:- The cat unit as the amount of crystalline ouabainThe cat unit as the amount of crystalline ouabain
Which is fatal with in about 90 minutes to kilogram of a cat when theWhich is fatal with in about 90 minutes to kilogram of a cat when the
drug in injected slowly & continuously into the femoral vein.drug in injected slowly & continuously into the femoral vein.
ProcedureProcedure11
:-:-
Cat of either sex(2-3.5kg)Cat of either sex(2-3.5kg)
Anesthetized by ether 70mg/kgAnesthetized by ether 70mg/kg
By Tracheotomy tracheal cannula is insertedBy Tracheotomy tracheal cannula is inserted
ECG is recorded by lead IIECG is recorded by lead II
Test Solution infusedTest Solution infused
Cardiac arrest within 30-60minCardiac arrest within 30-60min
Evaluation:-Evaluation:- Time of cardiac arrest after I.V. infusion of test drug &Time of cardiac arrest after I.V. infusion of test drug &
standard is compare.standard is compare.11
23. 2323
2) RAT MODELS OF HEART FAILURE2) RAT MODELS OF HEART FAILURE1616
Purpose & RationalPurpose & Rational:-:-Myocardial infraction following ofMyocardial infraction following of
coronary artery ligationcoronary artery ligation..
Procedure:-Procedure:-
Male Sprague-Dawley rat (250-300g)Male Sprague-Dawley rat (250-300g)
Anasthetized with hexobarbitalAnasthetized with hexobarbital
Trachea cannulatedTrachea cannulated
Cheast cavity exposed & LAD carotid artery isCheast cavity exposed & LAD carotid artery is
ligatedligated
24. 2424
Chest cavity is sutured backChest cavity is sutured back
After 4 week cavity is opened & carotid artery &After 4 week cavity is opened & carotid artery &
jugular vein is cannulated.jugular vein is cannulated.
Measured B.P.& administered test compoundMeasured B.P.& administered test compound
Scarifies & isolated heart is used for studying CaScarifies & isolated heart is used for studying Ca++++
channelchannel
sarcoplasmic reticulum Casarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++++
ATPase level.ATPase level.
EVALUATION:-EVALUATION:-Compare test drug with control drug &calculateCompare test drug with control drug &calculate
EDED5050
25. 2525
3)DOG MODEL OF HEART FAILURE3)DOG MODEL OF HEART FAILURE1616
PORPOSE & RATIONALE:-PORPOSE & RATIONALE:-
Coronary rapid pacing produce the syndromeCoronary rapid pacing produce the syndrome
of CHF. In this model the study of left ventricular functionof CHF. In this model the study of left ventricular function
& volumes more accurately then rodent model.& volumes more accurately then rodent model.
PROCEDURE:-PROCEDURE:-
Adult male dog(18-25kg) are anesthetized withAdult male dog(18-25kg) are anesthetized with
Phenobarbital(30mg/kg)Phenobarbital(30mg/kg)
Artificial respiration by cannulate trachea.Artificial respiration by cannulate trachea.
chest cavity opened & heart is exposed.chest cavity opened & heart is exposed.
26. 2626
A pacemaker is a programmed to pace at 240-260A pacemaker is a programmed to pace at 240-260
beats/min. for 2-4 weeks.beats/min. for 2-4 weeks.
Heart is placed back in chest cavity.Heart is placed back in chest cavity.
Air from thorax is removed.Air from thorax is removed.
Skin wound is closed by applying antibiotic.Skin wound is closed by applying antibiotic.
Significant heart failure is developed by 4 week andSignificant heart failure is developed by 4 week and
continue up to 10 weeks.continue up to 10 weeks.
27. 2727
test drugs administered s.c. or i.m. over a period of 14 days.test drugs administered s.c. or i.m. over a period of 14 days.
EVALUATION:EVALUATION:
Comparison between test group & control group is made on theComparison between test group & control group is made on the
basis of changes in the parameters like cardiac output &basis of changes in the parameters like cardiac output &
systemic vascular resistance.systemic vascular resistance.
28. 2828
4) DOXORUBICIN CARDIOMAYOPATHY IN4) DOXORUBICIN CARDIOMAYOPATHY IN
RABBIT HEART FAILURE.RABBIT HEART FAILURE.1616
Purpose & RationalPurpose & Rational:-:-
Doxorubicin exhibits acute & chronic cardio toxicity and hasDoxorubicin exhibits acute & chronic cardio toxicity and has
been used to induced heart failure in various animal species.been used to induced heart failure in various animal species.
PROCEDURE :-PROCEDURE :-
Rabbit (5-6 kg) of either sex.Rabbit (5-6 kg) of either sex.
Doxorubicin (1 mg/kg i.v.twice weekly) is given for 6-9Doxorubicin (1 mg/kg i.v.twice weekly) is given for 6-9
week in control group.week in control group.
In test group test drugs are administered for 4-6 weeksIn test group test drugs are administered for 4-6 weeks
(s.c. or i.p.)(s.c. or i.p.)
29. 2929
Anesthetized with phenobarbiton sodium ( 35 mg/kg i.p.)Anesthetized with phenobarbiton sodium ( 35 mg/kg i.p.)
Carotid artery is cannuleted for measuring the blood pressure.Carotid artery is cannuleted for measuring the blood pressure.
Heart is exposed and cannula is inserted into left ventricle toHeart is exposed and cannula is inserted into left ventricle to
measure LVEDP & dp/dt.measure LVEDP & dp/dt.
Animals are sacrified & heart is processed forAnimals are sacrified & heart is processed for
immunohistochemical studies.immunohistochemical studies.
30. 3030
EVALUATION :-EVALUATION :-
Left ventricular fractional shortening & ratio ofLeft ventricular fractional shortening & ratio of
RYR/Calcium magnesium ATPase mRNA level in the leftRYR/Calcium magnesium ATPase mRNA level in the left
ventricle.Studied in the test drug group & comparison are madeventricle.Studied in the test drug group & comparison are made
with the control group.with the control group.
31. 3131
5) GUINEA PIG AORTIC BINDING MODEL.5) GUINEA PIG AORTIC BINDING MODEL.1616
Purpose & RationalPurpose & Rational:-:-
Alteration of myocardial function in guinea pig model hasAlteration of myocardial function in guinea pig model has
some similarity to end stage failing human myocardium.some similarity to end stage failing human myocardium.
PROCEDURE :-PROCEDURE :-
Male guinea pig (250-400 g)Male guinea pig (250-400 g)
Anesthetized with etherAnesthetized with ether
chest cavity is open and heart is exposed without closing ofchest cavity is open and heart is exposed without closing of
blood circulation.blood circulation.
32. 3232
Third of the both ventricle tied off with disinfectant threadThird of the both ventricle tied off with disinfectant thread
and clamp it.and clamp it.
After removal of the clamp heart is placed back.After removal of the clamp heart is placed back.
The test drugs are administered s.c. or i.m. for 14 days.The test drugs are administered s.c. or i.m. for 14 days.
Animals developed symptoms of C.H.F. with death rate ofAnimals developed symptoms of C.H.F. with death rate of
80% within 1 day.80% within 1 day.
lung edema and liver congestion are observed histological.lung edema and liver congestion are observed histological.
33. 3333
EVALUATION :-EVALUATION :-
TheThe ability of the test drug to reverse this studies. ED50 of testability of the test drug to reverse this studies. ED50 of test
drug is calculated to assess the survival rate.drug is calculated to assess the survival rate.
34. 3434
6)Decay rate & enteral absorption rate of cardiac6)Decay rate & enteral absorption rate of cardiac
glycosideglycoside11
Purpose & Rational:-Purpose & Rational:- Determine decay rate of cardiac glycosideDetermine decay rate of cardiac glycoside
by excretion & degradation.by excretion & degradation.11
ProcedureProcedure11
:-:- Beagal dog(8-20kg)Beagal dog(8-20kg)
Tracheostomy- Tracheal cannula insertedTracheostomy- Tracheal cannula inserted
Vena fumoralis cannulated for infusionVena fumoralis cannulated for infusion
ECG is recorded from lead IIECG is recorded from lead II
First toxic dose is infused- Blok AV node & extra systole.First toxic dose is infused- Blok AV node & extra systole.
After 4,8,12,24hrs infusion with cardiac glycoside continueAfter 4,8,12,24hrs infusion with cardiac glycoside continue
35. 3535
first dose is partially metabolize so second dose administer less than firstfirst dose is partially metabolize so second dose administer less than first
dose.dose.
Evaluation:-Evaluation:- Second dose expected to change ECG = amount of FirstSecond dose expected to change ECG = amount of First
dose to be metabolize or excreted.dose to be metabolize or excreted.11
37. 3737
Purpose & Rational:-Purpose & Rational:-To determine K+ loss from heart dueTo determine K+ loss from heart due
to inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase pump.to inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase pump.11
ProcedureProcedure11
:-:- Heart ofHeart of Guinea pig is isolateGuinea pig is isolate
Coronary outflow is measured by counting drop ofCoronary outflow is measured by counting drop of
effluent by photo celleffluent by photo cell
Effluent is analyze by Flame photometerEffluent is analyze by Flame photometer
Determine K+ con. from the affluent & effluentDetermine K+ con. from the affluent & effluent
& compare with Std.& compare with Std.
Evaluation:-Evaluation:- Following parameter , K+ concentration ,Following parameter , K+ concentration ,
1)K+ loss from Isolated guinea pig heart1)K+ loss from Isolated guinea pig heart11
39. 3939
Purpose & RationalPurpose & Rational :-:- Decrease performance of papillaryDecrease performance of papillary
muscle, after prolong electrical stimulation & duringmuscle, after prolong electrical stimulation & during
restoration of force under influence of cardiac glycoside.restoration of force under influence of cardiac glycoside.11
ProcedureProcedure11
:-:- either sex of cats(2.5-3kg)either sex of cats(2.5-3kg)
Anesthetized with ether, opening of thorax & isolate papillaryAnesthetized with ether, opening of thorax & isolate papillary
muscle from right ventricle of heart & placed in organ bathmuscle from right ventricle of heart & placed in organ bath
containing oxygenated ringer sol. at(36containing oxygenated ringer sol. at(3600
c)c)
Stimulated electrically 4-5V at 30/min rate & contraction isStimulated electrically 4-5V at 30/min rate & contraction is
record.record.
slowly contractility of muscle decreasesslowly contractility of muscle decreases
Test cardiac glycoside is added in bath to restore theTest cardiac glycoside is added in bath to restore the
contraction forcecontraction force
2)ISOLATED2)ISOLATED CAT PAPILLARY MUSCLE.CAT PAPILLARY MUSCLE.11
40. 4040
Evaluation :-Evaluation :-
Contractility of muscle calculated as % of predose level.Contractility of muscle calculated as % of predose level.
Dose response curve can be established using various doses.Dose response curve can be established using various doses.
42. 4242
3)GUINEA PIG’S ISOLATED ATRIAL MODEL3)GUINEA PIG’S ISOLATED ATRIAL MODEL..1717
PURPOSE & RATIONAL:-PURPOSE & RATIONAL:-
Cardiotonic activity by evaluating their ability to increase the forceCardiotonic activity by evaluating their ability to increase the force
of myocardial contraction in isolated atrial tissue from guinea pig.of myocardial contraction in isolated atrial tissue from guinea pig.
Thus test compound may be evaluated for their ability to augment theThus test compound may be evaluated for their ability to augment the
contractile response.contractile response.
PROCEDURE:-PROCEDURE:-
Adult male guinea pig (300-400gm)Adult male guinea pig (300-400gm)
Anasthetized with etherAnasthetized with ether
Chest cavity is openedChest cavity is opened
43. 4343
Remove the heart& place in already prepared ice cold locke ringerRemove the heart& place in already prepared ice cold locke ringer
solution & aerated with a mixture of 95% of oxygen & 5% co2solution & aerated with a mixture of 95% of oxygen & 5% co2
Separate the atria from ventricle.Separate the atria from ventricle.
Submerge in locke ringer solution & connect with stimulator.Submerge in locke ringer solution & connect with stimulator.
Three consecutive reading are taken of the spontaneous atrialThree consecutive reading are taken of the spontaneous atrial
rate at 5 minute interval. Record atrial rate on physiograph.rate at 5 minute interval. Record atrial rate on physiograph.
44. 4444
Add oubain in increasing concentration( 0.1,0.3,1.0,3.0 mcg/ml)Add oubain in increasing concentration( 0.1,0.3,1.0,3.0 mcg/ml)
Use the same approach for unknown compound & record theUse the same approach for unknown compound & record the
amplitude on contraction of physiograph.amplitude on contraction of physiograph.
Repeat this experiment for all concentrationRepeat this experiment for all concentration
EVALUATIONEVALUATION:-:-
Determine the ECDetermine the EC5050 for atrial rate& ECfor atrial rate& EC5050 for atrial contractionfor atrial contraction
& check the potency of unknown drug by following formula& check the potency of unknown drug by following formula
ECEC5050 for unknown compoundfor unknown compound
POTENCY=POTENCY= --------------------------------------------------------------------------
ECEC5050 of oubainof oubain
47. 4747
REFERNCESREFERNCES
1)Vogel H G., Drug Discovery & evaluation, Springer verlag, Berlin1)Vogel H G., Drug Discovery & evaluation, Springer verlag, Berlin
Heideberg; 2002; 235-241.Heideberg; 2002; 235-241.
2) Tripathi K D (2005) Essential of medical pharmacy; 52) Tripathi K D (2005) Essential of medical pharmacy; 5thth
; Jeypee; Jeypee
brother; 2004;457- 470.brother; 2004;457- 470.
3) Tortora G. B. Derrickson; Principle of anatomy & physiology, john3) Tortora G. B. Derrickson; Principle of anatomy & physiology, john
wiley & sons,Inc,2006;11th ;2000; 736- 758.wiley & sons,Inc,2006;11th ;2000; 736- 758.
4) F.S.K. Barar; Essential of pharmacotherapeutics; S chand; 1996; 250-4) F.S.K. Barar; Essential of pharmacotherapeutics; S chand; 1996; 250-
225225
5) Ettinger S, Suter P. ; Digitalis and the cardiac glycosides; Canine5) Ettinger S, Suter P. ; Digitalis and the cardiac glycosides; Canine
Cardiology’ Philadelphia; WB Saunders; 1970; 998.Cardiology’ Philadelphia; WB Saunders; 1970; 998.
48. 4848
6) Hardman J.G., L.E. Limbird, A.G. Gilman;(1995) The6) Hardman J.G., L.E. Limbird, A.G. Gilman;(1995) The
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