Carbon Strategies in the U.S. 2001-2009
•
0 likes•410 views
The document compares and contrasts the US voluntary approach to reducing carbon emissions and the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. The US approach relies on partnerships and voluntary targets while providing tax incentives. However, emissions are still projected to rise. The EU ETS establishes a cap-and-trade system covering major industrial sectors across 25 countries. It provides flexibility but also has disadvantages like limited sectors covered and a complex administration system. Transportation emissions are a challenge for both approaches.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![[object Object],Andrew Collier Carlos Rymer Hao Zh u ang Kubilay Kavak Environmental Strategies Spring 2007](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carbon-strategies-presentation-1232669909415355-1/85/Carbon-Strategies-in-the-U-S-2001-2009-1-320.jpg)
![Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Cap And Trade Policy Overview
From melting ice caps and rising sea levels to an increase in natural disasters and adverse health effects, the effects of global warming are vast and will continue to get worse if nothing is done reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere. One of the main concerns is the health of humans as the earth warms. Injuries due to severe weather, respiratory problems due to bad air quality, and nutritional deficiencies due to food shortages are all expected to increase because greenhouse gases are warming the earth. The health of many people is being compromised by large emitters such as industrial businesses, but it is these businesses that contribute to a strong economy by employing many individuals. Therefore, completely eliminating these industries is not a wise economic choice. However, there is currently no incentive program to encourage these businesses to invest in methods to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they emit. It is estimated that companies can reduce their rate of pollution by 20 to 50 percent while remaining profitable if there is a market to sell carbon credits. Continuing to generate profits while reducing the amount of pollution emitted into the atmosphere seems like an ideal solution, but with no market place to sell carbon credits there is no incentive for management to change the way their business operates
Carbon Credit
This document discusses carbon credits and carbon banking. It begins by defining carbon credits as representing one ton of carbon. It then explains how carbon credits were created to control greenhouse gas emissions and how they work as part of an emissions trading system. It discusses the key concepts and mechanisms behind carbon credits, including additionality, criticism of the system, and how carbon credits can benefit countries and companies.
Kushal Cdm
The document discusses several issues with the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol. It notes that while the stated goals of CDM are to promote sustainable development and clean technologies, in reality the deals are private and opaque. Many CDM projects involve creative or copied carbon accounting with no real oversight. The carbon market has become a mechanism for financial gain rather than climate change mitigation. Developed countries are outsourcing a large portion of their emissions reductions to cheap offsets from developing countries. Reforms are needed to incentivize higher-cost low-carbon technologies and set a minimum carbon price.
Green ecomomics
This document discusses the key concepts of green economics compared to conventional economics. It outlines some basic axioms of green economics, including that resources are finite and growth cannot continue indefinitely. It describes how green economics aims to internalize external costs through policies like resource taxes, polluter pays principles, and emissions trading systems. Kyoto Protocol and the EU Emissions Trading System are provided as examples of large emissions trading schemes. India and China's involvement in carbon credit markets through clean development mechanism projects is also summarized.
Carbon Tax vs. Carbon Credits - Harvard University - by Robert Wensley and Je...
Carbon Tax and Carbon Credits,
Harvard University,
International Economy and Business,
August 10, 2011
Carbon Markets
This webinar will review the various mechanisms agreed in the Kyoto Protocol with a particular focus on Clean Development Mechanism. The value at each stage of the CDM project will be explained, and market prices for carbon credits will be analysed.
In order to illustrate this type of project, real case studies carried out by Deuman will be discussed. Voluntary carbon credits will also be analysed.
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-carbon-market-and-cdm-projects
Presentation1
The document discusses the relationship between climate change and public health. It notes that climate change is expected to cause 250,000 additional deaths per year between 2030-2050 due to issues like malnutrition, malaria and heat stress. Areas with weak health infrastructure will be hardest hit. Reducing emissions through changes to transportation, food systems and energy use can improve health by reducing air pollution. Adaptation strategies highlighted include rebuilding health infrastructure and implementing measures at the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels. Megacity Bangkok is also discussed as being at high risk from sea level rise and flooding due to climate change.
Green tax
Green taxes are intended to promote environmentally sustainable activities through economic incentives as an alternative to regulation. Carbon tax is levied based on the carbon content of fuels and helps increase competitiveness of non-carbon technologies while protecting the environment and raising revenue. CO2 is a greenhouse gas and human activity produces around 27 billion tons annually, making carbon taxes a policy option to reduce emissions. Fuel tax charges excise tax on fuels for transportation and can effectively generate revenue while decreasing fossil fuel dependence in the long run.
Recommended
Cap And Trade Policy Overview
From melting ice caps and rising sea levels to an increase in natural disasters and adverse health effects, the effects of global warming are vast and will continue to get worse if nothing is done reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere. One of the main concerns is the health of humans as the earth warms. Injuries due to severe weather, respiratory problems due to bad air quality, and nutritional deficiencies due to food shortages are all expected to increase because greenhouse gases are warming the earth. The health of many people is being compromised by large emitters such as industrial businesses, but it is these businesses that contribute to a strong economy by employing many individuals. Therefore, completely eliminating these industries is not a wise economic choice. However, there is currently no incentive program to encourage these businesses to invest in methods to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they emit. It is estimated that companies can reduce their rate of pollution by 20 to 50 percent while remaining profitable if there is a market to sell carbon credits. Continuing to generate profits while reducing the amount of pollution emitted into the atmosphere seems like an ideal solution, but with no market place to sell carbon credits there is no incentive for management to change the way their business operates
Carbon Credit
This document discusses carbon credits and carbon banking. It begins by defining carbon credits as representing one ton of carbon. It then explains how carbon credits were created to control greenhouse gas emissions and how they work as part of an emissions trading system. It discusses the key concepts and mechanisms behind carbon credits, including additionality, criticism of the system, and how carbon credits can benefit countries and companies.
Kushal Cdm
The document discusses several issues with the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol. It notes that while the stated goals of CDM are to promote sustainable development and clean technologies, in reality the deals are private and opaque. Many CDM projects involve creative or copied carbon accounting with no real oversight. The carbon market has become a mechanism for financial gain rather than climate change mitigation. Developed countries are outsourcing a large portion of their emissions reductions to cheap offsets from developing countries. Reforms are needed to incentivize higher-cost low-carbon technologies and set a minimum carbon price.
Green ecomomics
This document discusses the key concepts of green economics compared to conventional economics. It outlines some basic axioms of green economics, including that resources are finite and growth cannot continue indefinitely. It describes how green economics aims to internalize external costs through policies like resource taxes, polluter pays principles, and emissions trading systems. Kyoto Protocol and the EU Emissions Trading System are provided as examples of large emissions trading schemes. India and China's involvement in carbon credit markets through clean development mechanism projects is also summarized.
Carbon Tax vs. Carbon Credits - Harvard University - by Robert Wensley and Je...
Carbon Tax and Carbon Credits,
Harvard University,
International Economy and Business,
August 10, 2011
Carbon Markets
This webinar will review the various mechanisms agreed in the Kyoto Protocol with a particular focus on Clean Development Mechanism. The value at each stage of the CDM project will be explained, and market prices for carbon credits will be analysed.
In order to illustrate this type of project, real case studies carried out by Deuman will be discussed. Voluntary carbon credits will also be analysed.
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/webinar-carbon-market-and-cdm-projects
Presentation1
The document discusses the relationship between climate change and public health. It notes that climate change is expected to cause 250,000 additional deaths per year between 2030-2050 due to issues like malnutrition, malaria and heat stress. Areas with weak health infrastructure will be hardest hit. Reducing emissions through changes to transportation, food systems and energy use can improve health by reducing air pollution. Adaptation strategies highlighted include rebuilding health infrastructure and implementing measures at the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels. Megacity Bangkok is also discussed as being at high risk from sea level rise and flooding due to climate change.
Green tax
Green taxes are intended to promote environmentally sustainable activities through economic incentives as an alternative to regulation. Carbon tax is levied based on the carbon content of fuels and helps increase competitiveness of non-carbon technologies while protecting the environment and raising revenue. CO2 is a greenhouse gas and human activity produces around 27 billion tons annually, making carbon taxes a policy option to reduce emissions. Fuel tax charges excise tax on fuels for transportation and can effectively generate revenue while decreasing fossil fuel dependence in the long run.
Carbon powerpoint
This document compares and contrasts carbon taxes and cap-and-trade policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon tax sets a fee per ton of carbon emissions to make polluting more expensive and encourage energy efficiency and cleaner energy. Cap-and-trade sets a limit on total emissions and allows companies to trade permits to emit. It provides an economic incentive to reduce emissions. Both approaches aim to lower emissions over time, but a carbon tax provides more predictability while cap-and-trade may face fewer political obstacles. An ideal solution would involve international cooperation on carbon pricing and flexible allowance prices with a focus on developing alternative energy sources.
COP21-Source8-Final
The COP21 climate conference in Paris resulted in a historic agreement to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius. This will significantly impact businesses by increasing regulations and carbon pricing, shifting investment towards renewable energy and efficiency. Many major companies have committed to reducing emissions in line with scientific targets and see tackling climate change as an economic opportunity. The private sector will play a key role in achieving the agreement's goals through innovation, investment in clean technologies, and making their operations more sustainable.
Introduction to Carbon Markets
Carbon markets 101 introduces the market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol and related initiatives. It helps executives and managers understand emerging business issues around carbon trading, emission reduction projects and carbon monitoring.
California Assembly Bill 32: Greenhouse Gas Cap and Trade Program
The document discusses California's Assembly Bill 32 (AB-32), which established a cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. The program sets a cap on emissions and allows companies to trade allowances to emit greenhouse gases. If a company emits less than its allowances, it can sell the extra allowances. If it emits more, it must buy more allowances. This incentivizes companies to cut emissions in the most cost-effective way. The program has led companies to reduce emissions while the state's economy and job growth continue to expand, showing that climate policy and economic prosperity can be aligned.
Carbon tax & cap and-trade
The document compares carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs. It notes that carbon taxes provide predictable carbon prices and are easier to understand than cap-and-trade, while also encouraging alternatives through higher carbon emission prices. Cap-and-trade is argued to not drive voluntary market innovation or development and requires a complex market structure. Both policies can work to reduce carbon emissions if designed well, but carbon taxes are assessed to have advantages in providing predictable prices and encouraging low-carbon innovation and alternatives.
Emission Trading
Emission trading allows countries that have exceeded their emission limits under the Kyoto Protocol to purchase excess allowances from countries that have unused allowances. It has grown into a multibillion dollar market with five established trading platforms. However, critics argue that the costs of reducing emissions through trading schemes are high and benefits are uncertain. They also believe the efforts would be better spent addressing more pressing issues like poverty. Supporters view it as a viable way to mitigate climate change through a sustainable economic model.
Australian ETS and carbon policy: How this will affect your business
Presentation by Darrin Bird CEO Carbonza to the Backpacker Operators Association of NSW regarding the upcoming Emission Trading scheme and operating a business in a carbon constrained society
Emission Trading Schemes
The document discusses carbon emission trading systems, specifically carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs. It provides details on how each system works and compares their economic and environmental impacts. Cap-and-trade sets a limit on total emissions and allows trading of permits, ensuring the cap is met. Carbon taxes directly price emissions. Both aim to correct the market failure of greenhouse gas externalities. The document examines real-world examples from various countries and concludes that cap-and-trade is more effective at achieving environmental goals while providing flexibility for individual firms.
84th ICREA colloquium 'Carbon pricing and energy use pathways for staying wit...
'Parallel tracks towards a post-Paris treaty on carbon pricing'
Stopping climate change has turned out to be an immense challenge. Although denial of the problem seems to weaken somewhat, a serious hurdle to a solution is that many scientists and politicians are insufficiently focused on ultimate effectiveness of policies. We quantify the magnitude of the decarbonization challenge and discuss general solution strategies and policy instruments. We then look into the carbon emissions involved in a renewable energy transition, assess the effects of recessions on carbon emissions and discuss the trade-offs between economic growth and reducing carbon emissions. We zoom in on carbon pricing, listing classic and heterodox arguments in favor of it, dealing with effectiveness, efficiency, equity, national and international feasibility, and systemic effects. Complementary instruments and the reasons for their use are mentioned as well. On the basis of this, implications for the policy trajectory after the Paris international climate agreement are formulated.
MBI in china and brazil
This document compares the use of market-based instruments (MBIs) for environmental policy in China and Brazil. Both countries face rising environmental problems from rapid economic growth. China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases due to its reliance on coal and lack of early environmental oversight. It has implemented subsidies, restrictions on polluting industries, tax incentives and differential electricity pricing to encourage cleaner technologies and reduce emissions. Brazil uses credit/tax incentives and cost-recovery tariffs for water/sanitation. Both countries have made progress with MBIs but need to strengthen implementation and enforcement. China's carbon emissions continue to rise rapidly and it has further to go to match environmental policies of more developed nations.
Bjorn Stigson's V100 Presentation
Bjorn Stigson's presentation to the V100 business forum.
Stigson is the president of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Regulations and Market Failure
This short revision presentation looks at examples of regulations in markets as part of interventions to address market failure. It also looks at some of the benefits and costs of tougher regulatory interventions.
Carbon credits
Carbon credits were created through the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Under the protocol, developed countries have emissions caps and can trade carbon credits internationally if they exceed their limits. Carbon credits represent the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide and can be traded on emissions exchanges. Companies can purchase credits to offset their emissions and support projects that reduce emissions in other countries. However, critics argue that developed countries are not actually reducing their own emissions by purchasing credits from developing countries.
Cap-and-trade through musical chairs: Short intro
1. The document introduces cap-and-trade as a market-based climate policy where a government sets a cap that limits total pollution and distributes permits that can be traded.
2. It uses a "musical chairs" analogy to illustrate how a cap-and-trade system works, with the number of chairs representing the available pollution permits.
3. Under a cap-and-trade system, the cap is reduced over time to achieve emission reduction targets, and the price of permits rises as they become more scarce, incentivizing pollution cuts.
UVM Carbon Tax Powerpoint
The document proposes implementing a $100 per ton carbon tax on fossil fuels in Vermont to replace existing energy taxes. This would simplify the tax system, encourage reduced fossil fuel consumption and emissions, and generate revenue to invest in energy efficiency and economic growth. It estimates the tax would generate $364.5 million annually, reduce energy use by 4.98 trillion BTUs and emissions by 386,000 tons. It also discusses using some revenue and trading offsets to support carbon sequestration in agriculture and forests.
Value chain carbon accouting auto sector
Ford is working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its supply chain. It plans to survey its top 35 suppliers on their energy use and emissions, representing $20 billion in procurement. This will help Ford understand its supply chain carbon footprint and create a carbon management approach. Ford aims to reduce its overall emissions by 30% by 2020 in response to pressure from investors. By collaborating with suppliers on efficiency, Ford hopes to put pressure on low performers and gain cost reductions as suppliers improve operations.
CARBON TAX VERSUS CAP AND TRADE
This document discusses carbon taxation and emissions trading schemes. It notes that while carbon dioxide emissions are a market failure, pricing carbon can help reduce emissions through market signals. However, the current European Trading Scheme has issues like price volatility and limited participation. The document argues that a harmonized international carbon tax may be a better approach but has not been preferred politically. It also describes the European compromise between carbon taxes and emissions trading, which exempts some emissions covered by the trading scheme from taxation.
Developing green tax policy
This document discusses developing green tax policy to address environmental problems and enhance energy security. It defines a green economy as one that improves human well-being and equity while reducing environmental risks. Green taxes refer to fiscal measures that shift the tax burden from traditional areas to environmentally relevant activities like fossil fuels, while maintaining revenue neutrality. Green tax reforms can introduce new environmentally related taxes, reduce harmful subsidies, and restructure existing taxes based on environmental criteria. Green taxes are supported by the double dividend concept wherein they can improve the environment through reduced pollution and boost welfare by reducing other distortionary taxes. Applying green taxes can help improve energy security through more efficient energy use and lower vulnerability to price fluctuations, while also having producers internalize environmental costs
Presentation on eu ets & aviation for iffaad
The document discusses the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme and its implications for Indian airlines. The EU ETS aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through capping emissions and allowing trading of allowances. It includes aviation emissions starting in 2012. Indian airlines that fly routes to and from Europe must monitor and report their emissions. They will receive some allowances for free in 2012 based on past traffic, and may need to buy more allowances if emissions exceed the cap, or sell allowances if emissions are lower than allocated. Compliance with the EU ETS presents new responsibilities for covered Indian carriers.
Soniii
This document discusses carbon trading as a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It defines carbon trading as a cap-and-trade program where countries are given an emissions cap and can trade excess allowances. The document outlines the Kyoto Protocol commitments, describes the EU Emissions Trading Scheme in its phases, and discusses benefits like alternative energy incentives but also disadvantages like a lack of centralized oversight.
La Drogueria
El dueño de una droguería le enseña a un empleado nuevo una técnica de marketing que consiste en promover un producto del día obligando a los clientes a comprarlo junto con el artículo que solicitan. En el documento, se describe cómo el dueño y luego el empleado aplican con éxito esta técnica a dos clientes diferentes, vendiéndoles en ambos casos el producto del día Cristasol junto con lo que habían venido a comprar originalmente.
More Related Content
What's hot
Carbon powerpoint
This document compares and contrasts carbon taxes and cap-and-trade policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon tax sets a fee per ton of carbon emissions to make polluting more expensive and encourage energy efficiency and cleaner energy. Cap-and-trade sets a limit on total emissions and allows companies to trade permits to emit. It provides an economic incentive to reduce emissions. Both approaches aim to lower emissions over time, but a carbon tax provides more predictability while cap-and-trade may face fewer political obstacles. An ideal solution would involve international cooperation on carbon pricing and flexible allowance prices with a focus on developing alternative energy sources.
COP21-Source8-Final
The COP21 climate conference in Paris resulted in a historic agreement to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius. This will significantly impact businesses by increasing regulations and carbon pricing, shifting investment towards renewable energy and efficiency. Many major companies have committed to reducing emissions in line with scientific targets and see tackling climate change as an economic opportunity. The private sector will play a key role in achieving the agreement's goals through innovation, investment in clean technologies, and making their operations more sustainable.
Introduction to Carbon Markets
Carbon markets 101 introduces the market mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol and related initiatives. It helps executives and managers understand emerging business issues around carbon trading, emission reduction projects and carbon monitoring.
California Assembly Bill 32: Greenhouse Gas Cap and Trade Program
The document discusses California's Assembly Bill 32 (AB-32), which established a cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. The program sets a cap on emissions and allows companies to trade allowances to emit greenhouse gases. If a company emits less than its allowances, it can sell the extra allowances. If it emits more, it must buy more allowances. This incentivizes companies to cut emissions in the most cost-effective way. The program has led companies to reduce emissions while the state's economy and job growth continue to expand, showing that climate policy and economic prosperity can be aligned.
Carbon tax & cap and-trade
The document compares carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs. It notes that carbon taxes provide predictable carbon prices and are easier to understand than cap-and-trade, while also encouraging alternatives through higher carbon emission prices. Cap-and-trade is argued to not drive voluntary market innovation or development and requires a complex market structure. Both policies can work to reduce carbon emissions if designed well, but carbon taxes are assessed to have advantages in providing predictable prices and encouraging low-carbon innovation and alternatives.
Emission Trading
Emission trading allows countries that have exceeded their emission limits under the Kyoto Protocol to purchase excess allowances from countries that have unused allowances. It has grown into a multibillion dollar market with five established trading platforms. However, critics argue that the costs of reducing emissions through trading schemes are high and benefits are uncertain. They also believe the efforts would be better spent addressing more pressing issues like poverty. Supporters view it as a viable way to mitigate climate change through a sustainable economic model.
Australian ETS and carbon policy: How this will affect your business
Presentation by Darrin Bird CEO Carbonza to the Backpacker Operators Association of NSW regarding the upcoming Emission Trading scheme and operating a business in a carbon constrained society
Emission Trading Schemes
The document discusses carbon emission trading systems, specifically carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs. It provides details on how each system works and compares their economic and environmental impacts. Cap-and-trade sets a limit on total emissions and allows trading of permits, ensuring the cap is met. Carbon taxes directly price emissions. Both aim to correct the market failure of greenhouse gas externalities. The document examines real-world examples from various countries and concludes that cap-and-trade is more effective at achieving environmental goals while providing flexibility for individual firms.
84th ICREA colloquium 'Carbon pricing and energy use pathways for staying wit...
'Parallel tracks towards a post-Paris treaty on carbon pricing'
Stopping climate change has turned out to be an immense challenge. Although denial of the problem seems to weaken somewhat, a serious hurdle to a solution is that many scientists and politicians are insufficiently focused on ultimate effectiveness of policies. We quantify the magnitude of the decarbonization challenge and discuss general solution strategies and policy instruments. We then look into the carbon emissions involved in a renewable energy transition, assess the effects of recessions on carbon emissions and discuss the trade-offs between economic growth and reducing carbon emissions. We zoom in on carbon pricing, listing classic and heterodox arguments in favor of it, dealing with effectiveness, efficiency, equity, national and international feasibility, and systemic effects. Complementary instruments and the reasons for their use are mentioned as well. On the basis of this, implications for the policy trajectory after the Paris international climate agreement are formulated.
MBI in china and brazil
This document compares the use of market-based instruments (MBIs) for environmental policy in China and Brazil. Both countries face rising environmental problems from rapid economic growth. China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases due to its reliance on coal and lack of early environmental oversight. It has implemented subsidies, restrictions on polluting industries, tax incentives and differential electricity pricing to encourage cleaner technologies and reduce emissions. Brazil uses credit/tax incentives and cost-recovery tariffs for water/sanitation. Both countries have made progress with MBIs but need to strengthen implementation and enforcement. China's carbon emissions continue to rise rapidly and it has further to go to match environmental policies of more developed nations.
Bjorn Stigson's V100 Presentation
Bjorn Stigson's presentation to the V100 business forum.
Stigson is the president of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Regulations and Market Failure
This short revision presentation looks at examples of regulations in markets as part of interventions to address market failure. It also looks at some of the benefits and costs of tougher regulatory interventions.
Carbon credits
Carbon credits were created through the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Under the protocol, developed countries have emissions caps and can trade carbon credits internationally if they exceed their limits. Carbon credits represent the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide and can be traded on emissions exchanges. Companies can purchase credits to offset their emissions and support projects that reduce emissions in other countries. However, critics argue that developed countries are not actually reducing their own emissions by purchasing credits from developing countries.
Cap-and-trade through musical chairs: Short intro
1. The document introduces cap-and-trade as a market-based climate policy where a government sets a cap that limits total pollution and distributes permits that can be traded.
2. It uses a "musical chairs" analogy to illustrate how a cap-and-trade system works, with the number of chairs representing the available pollution permits.
3. Under a cap-and-trade system, the cap is reduced over time to achieve emission reduction targets, and the price of permits rises as they become more scarce, incentivizing pollution cuts.
UVM Carbon Tax Powerpoint
The document proposes implementing a $100 per ton carbon tax on fossil fuels in Vermont to replace existing energy taxes. This would simplify the tax system, encourage reduced fossil fuel consumption and emissions, and generate revenue to invest in energy efficiency and economic growth. It estimates the tax would generate $364.5 million annually, reduce energy use by 4.98 trillion BTUs and emissions by 386,000 tons. It also discusses using some revenue and trading offsets to support carbon sequestration in agriculture and forests.
Value chain carbon accouting auto sector
Ford is working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its supply chain. It plans to survey its top 35 suppliers on their energy use and emissions, representing $20 billion in procurement. This will help Ford understand its supply chain carbon footprint and create a carbon management approach. Ford aims to reduce its overall emissions by 30% by 2020 in response to pressure from investors. By collaborating with suppliers on efficiency, Ford hopes to put pressure on low performers and gain cost reductions as suppliers improve operations.
CARBON TAX VERSUS CAP AND TRADE
This document discusses carbon taxation and emissions trading schemes. It notes that while carbon dioxide emissions are a market failure, pricing carbon can help reduce emissions through market signals. However, the current European Trading Scheme has issues like price volatility and limited participation. The document argues that a harmonized international carbon tax may be a better approach but has not been preferred politically. It also describes the European compromise between carbon taxes and emissions trading, which exempts some emissions covered by the trading scheme from taxation.
Developing green tax policy
This document discusses developing green tax policy to address environmental problems and enhance energy security. It defines a green economy as one that improves human well-being and equity while reducing environmental risks. Green taxes refer to fiscal measures that shift the tax burden from traditional areas to environmentally relevant activities like fossil fuels, while maintaining revenue neutrality. Green tax reforms can introduce new environmentally related taxes, reduce harmful subsidies, and restructure existing taxes based on environmental criteria. Green taxes are supported by the double dividend concept wherein they can improve the environment through reduced pollution and boost welfare by reducing other distortionary taxes. Applying green taxes can help improve energy security through more efficient energy use and lower vulnerability to price fluctuations, while also having producers internalize environmental costs
Presentation on eu ets & aviation for iffaad
The document discusses the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme and its implications for Indian airlines. The EU ETS aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through capping emissions and allowing trading of allowances. It includes aviation emissions starting in 2012. Indian airlines that fly routes to and from Europe must monitor and report their emissions. They will receive some allowances for free in 2012 based on past traffic, and may need to buy more allowances if emissions exceed the cap, or sell allowances if emissions are lower than allocated. Compliance with the EU ETS presents new responsibilities for covered Indian carriers.
Soniii
This document discusses carbon trading as a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It defines carbon trading as a cap-and-trade program where countries are given an emissions cap and can trade excess allowances. The document outlines the Kyoto Protocol commitments, describes the EU Emissions Trading Scheme in its phases, and discusses benefits like alternative energy incentives but also disadvantages like a lack of centralized oversight.
What's hot (20)
California Assembly Bill 32: Greenhouse Gas Cap and Trade Program
California Assembly Bill 32: Greenhouse Gas Cap and Trade Program
Australian ETS and carbon policy: How this will affect your business
Australian ETS and carbon policy: How this will affect your business
84th ICREA colloquium 'Carbon pricing and energy use pathways for staying wit...
84th ICREA colloquium 'Carbon pricing and energy use pathways for staying wit...
Viewers also liked
La Drogueria
El dueño de una droguería le enseña a un empleado nuevo una técnica de marketing que consiste en promover un producto del día obligando a los clientes a comprarlo junto con el artículo que solicitan. En el documento, se describe cómo el dueño y luego el empleado aplican con éxito esta técnica a dos clientes diferentes, vendiéndoles en ambos casos el producto del día Cristasol junto con lo que habían venido a comprar originalmente.
Imagine Jhon Lennon
Este documento presenta la letra de la canción "Imagine" de John Lennon, en la que invita a imaginar un mundo sin países, religión, posesiones, hambre o necesidad, donde toda la gente viva en paz y comparta el mundo como una hermandad. Lennon reconoce que su visión puede parecer utópica pero cree que no es el único que sueña con un mundo así y espera que algún día otros se unan a su idea.
Adivina Que Ciudad Es
Teherán es la capital de Irán. El documento presenta un acertijo sobre una ciudad y luego revela que la ciudad es Teherán, la capital de Irán.
The Ecological Role Of Biological Soil Crusts In The Rome Sand Plains of Cent...
The document summarizes a study on biological soil crusts in the Rome Sand Plains. The crust is composed of mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria that stabilize soil and improve water retention. The study found lichens absorb the most water. Crust-covered soil retains more moisture than bare sand and is more stable. The crust contributes to soil moisture but also loses water through diffusion and evaporation. Future work suggested analyzing the crust's influence on native plants and nitrogen levels to aid reforestation and reverse desertification.
Advocating for a Personal Rapid Transit System in Ithaca, NY
The Outreach Team of the EcoCity Action Group aims to engage the Ithaca community in developing a vision for a sustainable EcoCity. The team will research options, create an educational outreach tool, identify stakeholders, conduct interviews on community responses, and refine the vision based on feedback. Their goals are to engage Cornell students in learning about and approving a vision for Connect Ithaca, which includes collaborative planning for an automated rapid transit system, and to outreach to downtown Ithaca about Connect Ithaca and promote rapid transit.
Nunca visto!
Un documento describe algo nunca antes visto, posiblemente los pies de alguien con seis dedos en cada pie.
Kamasutra Ayer Y Hoy
El Kamasutra ha sido durante mucho tiempo un texto importante sobre el amor y el sexo en la India, pero su reputación y significado han cambiado con el tiempo. Originalmente era una guía detallada sobre las relaciones íntimas y posiciones sexuales, pero en la actualidad se ve más como una obra de arte y literatura que explora diferentes formas de intimidad humana.
Viewers also liked (9)
The Ecological Role Of Biological Soil Crusts In The Rome Sand Plains of Cent...
The Ecological Role Of Biological Soil Crusts In The Rome Sand Plains of Cent...
Advocating for a Personal Rapid Transit System in Ithaca, NY
Advocating for a Personal Rapid Transit System in Ithaca, NY
Similar to Carbon Strategies in the U.S. 2001-2009
Cap & Trade Vs Carbon Tax
In the final paper/presentation for HPL480: Environmental Policy & Econoimics, I argue that we should pursue Cap & Trade policies rather than a straight carbon tax.
Carbon trading mechanism
The document discusses carbon trading mechanisms and provides context on its history and concepts. It outlines that the Union finance minister has proposed reducing the tax on gains from carbon trading from 30% to 10% to incentivize investments in energy efficiency and clean energy. This lower tax rate aims to support energy security and climate change goals by making carbon trading more rewarding and attractive for foreign firms while transitioning away from fossil fuel subsidies. Examples of existing carbon trading programs and their impacts are also presented.
The Kyoto Protocol
- The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for industrialized countries.
- The goal is to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to help prevent dangerous climate change. Countries agreed on average reductions of 5.2% from 1990 levels by 2012.
- The United States signed but later withdrew from the agreement in 2001, citing negative economic impacts. Many other countries have ratified it but it faces challenges in comprehensively addressing long-term climate change.
Developing Effective and Viable Policies for GHG Mitigation
This document summarizes a report by the World Resources Institute on U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and policies to reduce them. The report finds that without new federal action, U.S. emissions will increase and the country will fail to meet its commitment to reduce emissions 17% by 2020. It recommends that the EPA pursue substantial reductions from power plants and natural gas using Clean Air Act authority. States should also complement federal policies. However, new federal legislation will likely be needed to achieve long-term reductions of over 80%. The document discusses debates around different policy approaches and criteria for effective policies.
World Economic Forum: The net-zero challenge (climate change/ emission gap re...
World Economic Forum: The net-zero challenge (climate change/ emission gap re...Energy for One World
1) Global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise by 1.5% per year despite commitments by governments and companies, and the world needs to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
2) Government commitments so far are insufficient, and only a minority of large corporations have set targets to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement goals.
3) Emissions are stagnating or rising in all major economic sectors, including energy, industry, transportation, and hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and shipping. Without changes to policies and business practices, emissions are projected to continue increasing over the next decades.Carbon Tax and Trading.pptx
A general overview on carbon tax and carbon trading describing it's mechanism and advantages and disadvantages. A summarization of their effects on economy and environment remarking the conclusion
Presentationv1 Part2
The document discusses various aspects of carbon trading and offsets, including:
1) Two types of carbon trading - exchange traded and over-the-counter. India has over 25% of approved CDM projects globally.
2) Criticisms of carbon trading include that some emission reductions are exaggerated, profits go to middlemen, and the system is too complex to monitor and control. A carbon tax may be a better approach.
3) The document outlines domestic challenges and opportunities for India in low carbon growth and carbon financing, and discusses some perspectives on the Copenhagen Accord.
An Economic View of Environmental Protection
Robert N. Stavins
Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Conference on Sustainability in Manufacturing
Assoreca and the Green Economy Network
Assolombarda Auditorium, Milano
November 20, 2014
11/2014convegno su Green Economy e industria manifatturiera in Italia. Presen...
Eccellente inquadramento della problematica "Sviluppo economico e protezione ambientale" da parte del Prof. Stavins/Harvard University. Uomo simpatico oltre che acuto
Europe carbon-emissions-trading
The document discusses carbon emissions trading as an EU environmental policy to control climate change. It provides background on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), which uses a cap-and-trade model to incentivize reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The ETS allocates emissions allowances that can be traded, with the goal of decarbonizing the economy over the long term. However, the system has faced criticisms over weaknesses like over-allocation of quotas and lack of certainty about future rules.
Summary of Views of International Nongovernmental Stakeholders
European industry groups have generally supported their governments' climate change policies and the Kyoto Protocol framework. While some companies oppose restrictions on market mechanisms and want developing country participation, most have not openly opposed the treaty. UK industry is most engaged due to government policies. Major corporations like BP and Shell support market mechanisms and have set emissions reduction targets. European environmental groups prefer command-and-control over market mechanisms and view the Kyoto targets as too modest.
Bjorn Stigson's Presentation to the V100 Business Forum
Bjorn Stigson is the president of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. This is the presentation he gave to the attendees of Alberta Venture's V100 Business Forum in Edmonton and Calgary, Alberta on Oct. 19-20.
Transofmation of the economic system: green reform and green growth
This document discusses the challenges of transforming the global economic system to address climate change through green fiscal reform and growth. It notes misalignments in current tax structures that do not incentivize low-carbon transformation. While concerns exist around equity, competitiveness and growth, the document finds that well-designed environmental policies with revenue recycling need not harm, and may even benefit, economic outcomes if implemented in a coordinated manner across countries. Stringent climate policies that price carbon and support clean innovation are still needed to meet emissions targets.
IPCC:s tredje delrapport, av Thomas Sterner
Thomas Sterner deltog i arbetet med IPCC:s tredje delrapport i den femte rapporten om klimatförändringarna. Fores anordnade tillsammans med Mistra Swecia och Mistra Indigo ett seminarium där bland annat Thomas Sterner deltog och presenterade de viktigaste slutsatserna från den tredje delrapporten.
Video från seminariet finns här: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGYGU07Bdec&list=UUswRg-zqyKXceYXwtZXNeiA
Kyoto protocol
Kyoto protocol PPT presentation includes several things.
What? Commitment periods, timeline, Paris agreement, etc
A Comparison of cap-and-trade vs. carbon tax regulation (December 2013)
This document provides an overview and comparison of different policy mechanisms for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including command-and-control regulations, carbon taxes, and cap-and-trade systems. It discusses how both carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems use a price on carbon to incentivize emissions reductions, but differ in whether they set a fixed price (tax) or fixed quantity (cap). While each approach has advantages and disadvantages depending on design, the document concludes that with proper design specifics, the two could achieve equivalent emissions reductions.
Green Growth Strategy: Overview – OECD
Green growth can be seen as a way to pursue economic growth and development, while preventing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable natural resource use.
For the short term, green growth can transform the opportunity of the crisis to ensure a more sustainable economic recovery.
For the long term, it will promote new, greener sources of growth.
The OECD is working on policy recommendations to help governments achieve greener growth. The presentation gives an overview of the findings to date and the next steps. It mentions innovation, taxes, jobs and development issues, as well as how to measure progress towards greener growth.
6. Solution mitigation of climate change.pptx
There is an international agency called Environmental Protection Agency EPA. EPA forms and implements regulations regarding making the environment better.
We are at present in a very critical state as far as the situation of global warming and receding snowcaps in the Antarctia. It has been found that there is a hole in the Ozone layer due to increasing level of pollution throughout the world.
United innovations
International collaboration on low-carbon energy innovation can take many forms, from broad goals to specific programs and projects. While competition is important, collaboration allows countries to pool resources and avoid duplication, accelerating innovation. There are already many bilateral and multilateral agreements underway, but more is still needed to achieve climate goals. Effective collaboration requires fully aligning incentives for all participants and finding gaps where additional coordination or enabling actions can have impact.
Similar to Carbon Strategies in the U.S. 2001-2009 (20)
Developing Effective and Viable Policies for GHG Mitigation
Developing Effective and Viable Policies for GHG Mitigation
World Economic Forum: The net-zero challenge (climate change/ emission gap re...
World Economic Forum: The net-zero challenge (climate change/ emission gap re...
11/2014convegno su Green Economy e industria manifatturiera in Italia. Presen...
11/2014convegno su Green Economy e industria manifatturiera in Italia. Presen...
Summary of Views of International Nongovernmental Stakeholders
Summary of Views of International Nongovernmental Stakeholders
Bjorn Stigson's Presentation to the V100 Business Forum
Bjorn Stigson's Presentation to the V100 Business Forum
Transofmation of the economic system: green reform and green growth
Transofmation of the economic system: green reform and green growth
A Comparison of cap-and-trade vs. carbon tax regulation (December 2013)
A Comparison of cap-and-trade vs. carbon tax regulation (December 2013)
More from Carlos Rymer
Wind Energy in Dominican Republic Proposal
This document discusses the potential for wind energy development in the Dominican Republic. It notes that the country has an estimated wind energy potential of 24,600 GWh per year using 3% of the country's land area. Various economic scenarios are presented comparing the costs of wind energy development versus coal plant development. Under scenarios that place a tax on carbon emissions, wind energy is shown to have a cost advantage over coal. The document recommends that the Dominican government pass laws committing the country to obtaining 30% of its electricity from wind by 2020 and fund the development through a 2% tax on tourism sector transactions. This would help develop a clean energy industry and reduce electricity costs while creating many jobs.
Propuesta de Energia Eolica en Republica Dominicana
Este documento discute el potencial de energía eólica en la República Dominicana para impulsar un mercado de energía limpia y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Presenta cuatro escenarios económicos para comparar los costos de la energía eólica versus el carbón, y analiza el marco legal que promueve las energías renovables en el país. Concluye que la energía eólica podría satisfacer hasta el 10% de la demanda eléctrica a bajos costos usando solo el 3% del territ
Política Publica Sobre Las EnergíAs Renovables En Republica Dominicana
El documento describe la política de energías renovables en República Dominicana y las lecciones para México. República Dominicana depende de las importaciones de petróleo y subsidia al sector eléctrico. Tiene un gran potencial para energías renovables como eólica y solar. La ley de incentivos a las energías renovables ofrece exenciones de impuestos y financiamiento para proyectos. Esto ha atraído más de $3 mil millones en inversiones en energía eólica, solar, etanol y otros. El objetivo es desarrollar las
Hacia Una Asociacion De Energias Renovables Y Eficiencia Energetica En Americ...
El documento propone la creación de una Asociación Latinoamericana de Energías Renovables y Eficiencia Energética para promover el desarrollo sustentable en la región a través de políticas públicas sobre energías renovables. La asociación brindaría asistencia técnica, intercambio de información y análisis para facilitar la transición hacia fuentes renovables, dada la dependencia actual de los hidrocarburos y el potencial de energías como la eólica, solar y biocombustibles en América Latina.
Alternative Energy Stories
This document outlines a study examining the conditions necessary for countries to successfully implement large-scale alternative energy sources. The researchers will analyze four countries - Germany, Iceland, Brazil, and Egypt - that have partially transitioned away from fossil fuels to identify common socioeconomic, political, and infrastructure trends. The expected outcomes are to add to the literature on how countries have transitioned to alternative energy and describe the cultural, political, and economic contexts of these transitions.
Key Factors Leading To The Spanish Wind Energy Development
This document summarizes the key factors that led to the development of wind energy in Spain. It discusses Spain's changing electricity mix, the legislative history that liberalized the electricity sector and established feed-in tariffs for wind, and the resulting growth of wind energy installations under national renewable plans. Through secondary research and interviews, it finds that Spain's wind industry grew due to needs for job creation, energy independence, and emissions reductions, supported by collaborative government policymaking and educational efforts.
The Privatization of Water Services in Cartagena
The document discusses the privatization of municipal services in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia from 1961-1998. It begins with a discussion of the traditional public ownership model from 1961-1992 which was characterized by political interference, service inefficiencies, and fiscal mismanagement. From 1992-1994 the city attempted public ownership reforms but they were abandoned too quickly. In 1995 the city established a mixed capital company to provide services which improved efficiency but reduced public control over services. Issues around expanding services in a financially sustainable way for the long-term are discussed, along with recommendations for the city of Cali.
Alternative Economic Indicators
The document discusses alternative economic indicators to GDP such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The GPI incorporates 51 indicators related to economic, environmental, and social welfare. It accounts for factors like income distribution, pollution, and resource depletion that GDP excludes. While GDP in Alberta increased 400% in 40 years, the GPI grew for two decades then declined, suggesting loss of natural and human capital. Adopting GPI could prompt policies that consider environmental and social costs and encourage sustainable business practices. The HDI measures health, education, and income but does not account for sustainability or distribution within countries.
Biodiesel Edge, Inc
Biodiesel Edge seeks $40-45 million in initial investments to establish a biodiesel production facility in Guerrero, Mexico using Jatropha seeds as the primary feedstock. The company projects generating over $200 million in annual sales within five years and returns over 50% by producing biodiesel for the Mexican market from a low-cost, high-yielding Jatropha crop. The business plan outlines production costs, revenue projections, competitive advantages, and cash flow forecasts for the first two years of operation.
Corn-Based Ethanol and its Politics
This document summarizes the current state of corn ethanol subsidies in the United States. It discusses how corn production and ethanol refining have increased in recent years due to subsidies. However, the energy balance of corn ethanol is controversial and subsidies are driving up global food prices. While corn ethanol pleases Midwest farmers, organizations argue the subsidies should be eliminated. The document concludes that corn ethanol will not satisfy domestic fuel demands and is having significant global impacts.
The Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change in the Dominican Republic
This document summarizes a presentation on the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Dominican Republic. It finds that precipitation is projected to decrease by 20% and evapotranspiration to increase by 1mm per day by 2100, reducing annual water availability by around 85%. This will significantly impact sectors like agriculture, urban areas, power production and tourism. The presentation calls for adaptation strategies like conservation, irrigation improvements, and policy reforms to facilitate collaborative water management.
Youth And The Climate Movement
The document discusses the growing youth climate movement and its goals, strategies, and successes. It outlines how the movement has expanded rapidly in recent years through diverse campus and community efforts, influencing policies and commitments to renewable energy and emissions reductions. While online strategies are important, the document encourages youth to take real action by getting involved in local climate and sustainability organizations and initiatives.
Youth And The Climate Movement
The document discusses the growing youth climate movement and its goals, strategies, and successes. It outlines how the movement has expanded rapidly in recent years through diverse campus and community efforts, influencing policies and commitments to renewable energy and emissions reductions. While online strategies are important, the document encourages youth to take real action by getting involved in local climate and sustainability organizations and initiatives.
Global Warming 101
Global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels. The effects of global warming include rising sea levels that threaten coastal areas like Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Maryland, as well as more frequent and intense extreme weather events. Solutions to address global warming involve transitioning to renewable energy sources like geothermal energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions through individual and policy actions.
More from Carlos Rymer (14)
Propuesta de Energia Eolica en Republica Dominicana
Propuesta de Energia Eolica en Republica Dominicana
Política Publica Sobre Las EnergíAs Renovables En Republica Dominicana
Política Publica Sobre Las EnergíAs Renovables En Republica Dominicana
Hacia Una Asociacion De Energias Renovables Y Eficiencia Energetica En Americ...
Hacia Una Asociacion De Energias Renovables Y Eficiencia Energetica En Americ...
Key Factors Leading To The Spanish Wind Energy Development
Key Factors Leading To The Spanish Wind Energy Development
The Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change in the Dominican Republic
The Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change in the Dominican Republic
Recently uploaded
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Recently uploaded (20)
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Carbon Strategies in the U.S. 2001-2009
- 6. - There are many causes of global warming, but the most important of them is fossil fuels. 21 st Century Projections
- 7. Kyoto Protocol - In 1997, industrialized nations began ratifying the Kyoto Protocol. - In 2001, the U.S. pulled out of the treaty, claiming it would hurt its economy. - The United States established a policy whereby GHGe could be voluntarily reduced. - The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on February 16th, 2005.
- 21. What Should be the Focus? Renewable Energies? Science? Technology? Transportation? Taxation? Mandates? Government Support? Education?
- 26. CDM, PDDs by Volume, Mt 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 China India Brazil Korea South Africa Mexico Argentina Nigeria Chile Thailand PointCarbon. Nov. 2006
- 27. JI PDDs by Volume, MT 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Germany Russian Federation Ukraine Romania Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Poland New Zealand Estonia Slovakia Lithuania PointCarbon. Nov. 2006
- 39. Questions? Note : We apologize if the pictures below offend anyone in the audience.