This is a powerpoint on Bladder Cancer. Sources are on the last slide of the powepoint! No copy right intended! Enjoy! I hope you learn a lot and I hope you live your life Bladder Cancer free! Also the red words are what I would say during the presentation, basically extra details! So keep that in mind!
-Shelby
This class covers what all physicians need to know about colorectal cancer (except prevention and screening, dealt with elsewhere). It is exceedingly simple, but accurate to the best of my knowledge. It is based on Harrison's 19th, Edition.
This is a powerpoint on Bladder Cancer. Sources are on the last slide of the powepoint! No copy right intended! Enjoy! I hope you learn a lot and I hope you live your life Bladder Cancer free! Also the red words are what I would say during the presentation, basically extra details! So keep that in mind!
-Shelby
This class covers what all physicians need to know about colorectal cancer (except prevention and screening, dealt with elsewhere). It is exceedingly simple, but accurate to the best of my knowledge. It is based on Harrison's 19th, Edition.
Colorectal cancer usually occurs during 40 to 60 years of age. It has been observed that diet and nutrition play an essential role in the genesis of colorectal carcinoma. In modalities such as Ayurveda, there are medicines like Cancertame, which helps reduce the chances of Colorectal cancer in high-risk individuals when taken in the recommended dose.
For more information: www.cancertame.com
Email us at: support@cancertame.com
Read article at: https://www.cancertame.com/in/articles-list
#colorectalcancer #cancer #cancerawareness #ayurveda #cancertreatment #cancertame
Testicular cancer, or cancer of the testes, occurs in the testicles (testes), inside the scrotum. The scrotum is a loose bag of skin under the penis. Male sex hormones, testosterone, and sperm for reproduction are produced in the testicles. The testicles are a pair of male sex glands, also known as gonads.
Testosterone controls the development of the reproductive organs, and other male physical characteristics.
The Objectives :-
1- Introduction to UB tumor.
2-Sings and Symptoms of UB tumor.
3-Types and classification of UB tumor.
4-Stages of UB tumor.
5-Radiological finding of UB tumor
Colorectal cancer usually occurs during 40 to 60 years of age. It has been observed that diet and nutrition play an essential role in the genesis of colorectal carcinoma. In modalities such as Ayurveda, there are medicines like Cancertame, which helps reduce the chances of Colorectal cancer in high-risk individuals when taken in the recommended dose.
For more information: www.cancertame.com
Email us at: support@cancertame.com
Read article at: https://www.cancertame.com/in/articles-list
#colorectalcancer #cancer #cancerawareness #ayurveda #cancertreatment #cancertame
Testicular cancer, or cancer of the testes, occurs in the testicles (testes), inside the scrotum. The scrotum is a loose bag of skin under the penis. Male sex hormones, testosterone, and sperm for reproduction are produced in the testicles. The testicles are a pair of male sex glands, also known as gonads.
Testosterone controls the development of the reproductive organs, and other male physical characteristics.
The Objectives :-
1- Introduction to UB tumor.
2-Sings and Symptoms of UB tumor.
3-Types and classification of UB tumor.
4-Stages of UB tumor.
5-Radiological finding of UB tumor
Coloractal Cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal system. In this presentation brief information about this cancer is supplied.
may useful for medical students
Oncology Nursing:-An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for cancer patients. These nurses require advanced certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program provides. Oncology nursing care can be defined as meeting the various needs of oncology patients during the time of their disease including appropriate screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon the end of life.
What is oncology?
Oncology is the branch of medicine that researches, identifies, and treats cancer. A physician who works in the field of oncology is an oncologist.
Oncologists must first diagnose cancer, which is usually carried out via biopsy, endoscopy, X-ray, CT scanning, MRI, PET scanning, ultrasound, or other radiological methods. Nuclear medicine can also be used to diagnose cancer, as can blood tests or tumor markers. Oncology is often linked with hematology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with blood and blood-related disorders.
Treatment
Once a diagnosis is made, the oncologist discusses the disease stage with the patient. Staging will dictate the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy — which is defined as the destruction of cancer cells — may be used, as well as radiation therapy. Surgery is used to remove tumors. Hormone therapy is used to treat certain types of cancers, and monoclonal antibody treatments are gaining popularity. Research into cancer vaccines and immunotherapies is ongoing. Palliative care in oncology treats pain and other symptoms of cancer.
Treatment team
Cancer is often treated in a team effort, with at least two or three types of oncologists, including medical, surgical, or radiation. The oncology treatment team may also include a pathologist, a diagnostic radiologist, or an oncology nurse. In the event of a new or a difficult-to-treat case of cancer, the oncology care team may consult a tumor board, made up of various medical experts from all relevant disciplines. The tumor board reviews the case and recommends the best course of cancer treatment for the patient.
Oncology nurse
The oncology nurse has many roles, from helping with cancer screening, detection, and prevention, to the intensive care focus of bone marrow transplantation. Work settings for oncology nurses also vary and include acute care hospitals, ambulatory care clinics, private offices, radiation therapy facilities, and home care agencies. Oncology nurses work with adult and pediatric patients with cancer.
Pediatric Oncology
Pediatric oncology is a medical specialty that focuses on cancer care for children.
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 10,270 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in children in 2017. Of these, 1,190 children will die from the disease.
Pediatric oncology is an important medical field that treats all pediatric cancer types, including acute lymphocytic leukemia,
People often ask why bariatric surgery is required for them.
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SILS - SINGLE INCISION LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERYNitin Jha
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Treatment for GERD / Reflux / Hiatal herniaNitin Jha
Gerd symptoms and reflux symptoms are also seen in patients of hiatal hernia.
For details , Plz visit
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Bariatric surgery for weight loss .
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for other deatils plz visit https://drnitinjha.com/
Various types of hernia are dealt by a general or laparoscopic surgeon
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Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
2. COLON CANCER SURGERY
Dr Nitin Jha
(MBBS,MS,FIAGES)
Consultant
Laparoscopic,MIS and Bariatric surgeon
FORTIS Hospital, Noida. INDIA
drnitinjha@yahoo.com
6. Risk Factors
Risk Factor Description
Diet High in fat, especially animal fat, red meats and processed meats
risk
Lack of exercise risk
Overweight risk of incidence and death
Smoking - risk of incidence and death
-30-40% more likely to die of colorectal cancer
Alcohol Heavy use of alcohol risk
Diabetes 30% risk of incidence and death rate
Night shift work More research is needed but over time may risk
7. Screening Guidelines, Advantages, and
Disadvantages
Screening Guidelines Advantages Disadvantages
Fecal Occult Blood
Test (FOBT)
Annually starting at age 50 -Cost effective
-Noninvasive
-Can be done at home
-False-positive/false-negative
results
-Dietary restrictions
-Duration of testing period
Flexible
Sigmoidoscopy
(FS)+FOBT
Every 5 years starting at
age 50
-Cost effective
-Can be done w/o sedation
-Performed in clinic
-Any polyps can be biopsied
-Examines only portion of colon
(additional screening may be
done)
-Discomfort for patient
-Bowel cleansing
* Colonoscopy
(preferred method b/c
polyps can be biopsied
and removed)
Every 10 yrs starting at age
50
-Patient sedated
-Outpatient screening
-Views entire colon and rectum
-Polyps can be removed and
biopsied
-Bowel cleansing
-Sedation may be a problem for
some
-Cost if uninsured
-Risk of perforation
Virtual Colonoscopy
(a.k.a. computed
tomography
colonography-CT)
Every 10 yrs starting at age
50
-Relatively noninvasive
-No sedation needed
-Can show 2- or 3-D imagery
-Small polyps may go undetected
-Bowel cleansing
-Cost
-If polyps found, colonoscopy
required
-Exposure to radiation
-Patient discomfort
*American Cancer Society
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Clinical Features
may remain asymptomatic for years
symptoms develop insidiously
cecal and right colonic cancers:
fatigue
weakness
iron deficiency anemia
left-sided lesions:
occult bleeding
changes in bowel habit
crampy left lower quadrant discomfort
anemia in females may arise from gynecologic causes, but it is a
clinical maxim that iron deficiency anemia in an older man means
gastrointestinal cancer until proved otherwise
17. Clinical Features
spread by direct extension into
adjacent structures and by
metastasis through lymphatics
and blood vessels
favored sites for metastasis:
regional lymph nodes
liver
lungs
bones
other sites including serosal
membrane of the peritoneal
cavity
carcinomas of the anal region →
locally invasive, metastasize to
regional lymph nodes and distant
sites
TNM Staging of Colon Cancer
Tumor (T)
T0 = none evident
Tis = in situ (limited to mucosa)
T1 = invasion of lamina propria or submucosa
T2 = invasion of muscularis propria
T3 = invasion through muscularis propria into
subserosa or nonperitonealized perimuscular
tissue
T4 = invasion of other organs or structures
Lymph Nodes (N)
0 = none evident
1 = 1 to 3 positive pericolic nodes
2 = 4 or more positive pericolic nodes
3 = any positive node along a named blood vessel
Distant Metastases (M)
0 = none evident
1 = any distant metastasis
5-Year Survival Rates
T1 = 97%
T2 = 90%
T3 = 78%
T4 = 63%
Any T; N1; M0 = 66%
Any T; N2; M0 = 37%
Any T; N3; M0 = data not available
Any M1 = 4%
18. Clinical Features
detection and diagnosis:
digital rectal examination
fecal testing for occult blood loss
barium enema, sigmoidoscopy
and colonoscopy
confirmatory biopsy
computed tomography and other
radiographic studies
serum markers (elevated blood
levels of carcinoembryonic
antigen)
molecular detection of APC
mutations in epithelial cells,
isolated from stools
tests under development:
detection of abnormal patterns of
methylation in DNA isolated from
stool cells
19. Symptoms associated with CRC
weight loss
loss of appetite
night sweats
fever
rectal bleeding
change in bowel habits
obstruction
abdominal pain & mass
iron-deficiency anemia
23. Screening
What is screening?
a public health service in which members
of a defined population are examined to
identify those individuals who would benefit
from treatment
to benefit:
to reduce the risk of a disease or its
complications
24. fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
chemical test for blood in a stool sample.
annual screening by FOBT reduces colorectal cancer deaths by 33%
Flexible sigmoidoscopy can detect about 65%–75% of polyps and 40%–
65% of colorectal cancers.
rectum and sigmoid colon are visually inspected
Types of Screening
25. regular screening for all adults aged 50 years or
older is recommended
FOBT every year
flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
total colon examination by colonoscopy
every 10 years or by barium enema every
5–10 years
Current Screening Guidelines
26.
27.
28.
29. Staging-American Joint Committee on
Cancer system (AJCC/TNM)
Staging is an indicator of survival
Stage grouping: From least advanced (stage 0) to most advanced (stage IV) stage of colorectal cancer
Stage TNM
Category
Survival
Rate
Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0 The earliest stage. Has not grown beyond inner layer (mucosa) of colon
or rectum.
Stage I: T1, N0, M0
T2, N0, M0
93% Has grown into submucosa (T1) or muscularis propria (T2)
Stage IIA:
Stage IIB:
T3, N0, M0
T4, N0, M0
85%
72%
IIA: Has spread into subserosa (T3).
IIB: Has grown into other nearby tissues or organs (T4).
Stage IIIA:
Stage IIIB:
Stage IIIC:
T1-T2, N1, M0
T3-T4, N1, M0
Any T, N2, M0
83%
64%
44%
IIIA: Has grown into submucosa (T1) or into muscularis propria (T2) and
has spread to 1-3 nearby lymph nodes (N1)
IIIB: Has spread into subserosa (T3) or into nearby tissues or organs
(T4), and has spread to 1-3 nearby lymph nodes (N1)
IIIC: Any stage of T, but has spread to 4 or more nearby lymph nodes
(N2).
Stage IV: Any T, Any N, M1 8% Any T or N, and has spread to distant sites such as liver, lung,
peritoneum (membrane lining abdominal cavity), or ovaries (M1).
30. Stage I Colorectal Cancer
The cancer has grown
through the mucosa and
invaded the muscularis
(muscular coat)
Treatment is surgery to
remove the tumor and
some surrounding
lymph nodes
31. Stage II Colorectal Cancer
The cancer has grown beyond
the muscularis of the colon or
rectum but has not spread to
the lymph nodes
Stage II colon cancer is
treated with surgery and, in
some cases, chemotherapy
after surgery
Stage II rectal cancer is
treated with surgery,
radiation therapy, and
chemotherapy
32. Stage III Colorectal Cancer The cancer has spread to
the regional lymph nodes
(lymph nodes near the
colon and rectum)
Stage III colon cancer is
treated with surgery and
chemotherapy
Stage III rectal cancer is
treated with surgery,
radiation therapy, and
chemotherapy
33. Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
The cancer has spread
outside of the colon or
rectum to other areas of
the body
Stage IV cancer is treated
with chemotherapy.
Surgery to remove the
colon or rectal tumor may
or may not be done
Additional surgery to
remove metastases may
also be done in carefully
selected patients
34. Summary: Treatment
Treatment
Colon surgery
Rectal surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Side effects of all therapies
http://recong2.com/system/files/erbitux_avastin.png
35. Advantages and disadvantages of the
laparoscopic approach
Smaller wounds
Less pain
Faster recovery
Teaching/audit
Port site recurrence
Oncological margins
Cost
Longer operation
Learning curve
‘Off camera’ injury
Long term outcome data