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TNM8: Changes from TNM7

The document summarizes the key changes between the 7th and 8th editions of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. Some of the major changes include new classifications for oropharynx p16-positive cancers, unknown primary cervical lymph nodes, and several other cancer types. There are also major modifications to the head and neck nodes, nasopharynx, thyroid, esophagus, stomach, and anal cancer classifications. The document outlines these changes and modifications in detail over multiple pages.

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TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours - 8th edition Changes between the 7th and 8th editions “We unite the cancer community to reduce the global cancer burden, to promote greater equity, and to integrate cancer control into the world health and development agenda.” December 2016
TNM-8 The TMN 8th edition is being published in December 2016. The UICC TNM Project has published the 8th Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours that comes into effect on January 1, 2017. Since some organizations may not be ready to adopt the new classification, we recommend that the edition of the TNM classification be always included in data reporting The following is a summary of the changes between the 7th and 8th editions of TNM. Major changes are listed and minor changes are identified.
TNM-8 New classifications: • Oropharynx p16+ve • Unknown primary cervical neck lymph nodes • Skin head and neck cancers • Thymus • Neuroendocrine tumors: pancreas • Osteosarcoma: Pelvic, Spine • Soft tissue Sarcoma: Head and neck, Retroperitoneal, Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera
Major modifications • Head and Neck Nodes • Nasopharynx • Thyroid • Esophagus • Stomach • Anal Cancer • Liver • Lung • Prostate • Ovary
Minor or no modifications • Introduction • Other Head and Neck carcinomas • Hepatobiliary • Small intestine, Colon and rectum • Neuroendocrine • Pleura • Penis, Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra, • Eye • Malignant Lymphoma
New Structure • Remove C factor from introduction • Clarify ITC • Add Prognostic Grid • Essential TNM • Paediatric Malignancies
ITC - UICC • Isolated tumour cells (ITC) are single tumour cells or small clusters of cells not more than 0.2 mm in greatest extent that can be detected by routine H and E stains or immunohistochemistry. An additional criterion has been proposed to include a cluster of fewer than 200 cells in a single histological cross-section others have proposed that a cluster should have 20 cells or fewer; definitions of ITC may vary by tumour site. • The exception is in Malignant Melanoma of the skin and Merkel Cell Carcinoma, wherein ITC in a lymph node are classified as N1. These cases should be analyzed separately.
Head and Neck Changes • For all sites there are separate classifications for clinical and pathological neck nodes • There is a new classification for p16 positive oropharyngeal cancers. Tumours that have p16 immunohistochemistry overexpression. • The classification for nasopharyngeal cancers and thyroid cancers has been modified • The there is a new classification for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the head and neck region • There is a new classification for cervical nodal involvement with unknown primary
Pathological N1, N2a, N2b and N2c unchanged other than specify without extranodal extension • pN3a Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension without extranodal extension • pN3b Metastasis in a lymph node more than 3 cm in greatest dimension with extranodal extension or, multiple ipsilateral, or any contralateral or bilateral node(s) with extranodal extension Cervical Nodes – 8th edition Clinical N1, N2a, N2b and N2c unchanged other than specify without extranodal extension • N3a Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension without extranodal extension • N3b Metastasis in a single or multiple lymph nodes with clinical extranodal extension* * The presence of skin involvement or soft tissue invasion with deep fixation/tethering to underlying muscle or adjacent structures or clinical signs of nerve involvement is classified as clinical extra nodal extension
Oropharynx p16 Positive tumours Clinical and Pathological T categories • T1 Tumour 2 cm or less in greatest dimension • T2 Tumour more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm • T3 Tumour more than 4 cm in or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis • T4 Tumour invades any of the following: larynx, deep/ extrinsic muscle of tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus), medial pterygoid, hard palate, mandible*, lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, skull base; or encases carotid artery
Oropharynx p16 Positive tumours Clinical N categories N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Unilateral metastasis, in lymph node(s), all 6 cm or less N2 Contralateral or bilateral metastasis in lymph node(s), all 6 cm or less in greatest dimension N3 Metastasis in lymph node(s) greater than 6 cm in dimension Pathological N categories pN0 No regional lymph node metastasis pN1 Metastasis in 1 to 4 lymph node(s) pN2 Metastasis in 5 or more lymph node(s)
Clinical Stage I T1,T2 N0,1 M0 Stage II T1,T2 N2 M0 T3 N0,N1,N2 M0 Stage III T1-T4 N3 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M0 Pathological Stage I T1,T2 N0,1 M0 Stage II T1,T2 N2 M0 T3 N0,N1 Stage III T3,T4 N2 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M0 Oropharynx p16 Positive tumours
Nasopharynx T categories T1 Unchanged T2 Tumour with extension to parapharyngeal space and/or infiltration of the medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and/or prevertebral muscles T3 Tumour invades bony structures of skull base cervical vertebra, pterygoid structures, and/or paranasal sinuses T4 Tumour with intracranial extension and/or involvement of cranial nerves, hypopharynx, orbit, parotid gland and/or infiltration beyond the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid muscle N Categories N1 Unilateral metastasis, in cervical lymph node(s), and/or unilateral or bilateral metastasis in retropharyn- geal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less ,above the caudal border of cricoid cartilage N2 Bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less above the caudal border of cricoid cartilage N3 Metastasis in cervical lymph node(s) greater than 6 cm in dimension and/or extension below the caudal border of cricoid cartilage
Nasopharynx
Cervical Node Unknown Primary If EBV positive stage as per nasopharyngeal carcinomas If p16 positive stage as per p16 positive oropharynx carcinomas If EBV and p16 negative clinical and pathological node definitions are as above Stage III T0 N1 M0 Stage IVA T0 N2 M0 Stage IVB T0 N3 M0 Stage IVC T0 N1, N2, N3 M1
Thyroid Carcinoma Papillary and Follicular The definition of T3 has been revised for papillary and follicular and medullary carcinomas T3a Tumour more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid T3b Tumor of any size with gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, or omohyoid muscles) The age for a poor prognosis has changed from 45 years to 55 years Stage < 55 years old Stage I Any T Any N M0 Stage II Any T Any N M1 Stage >55 years old Stage I T1a,T1b,T2 N0 M0 Stage II T3 N0 M0 T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 Stage III T4a Any N M0 Stage IVA T4b Any N M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
TNM-8 Oesphagogastric Junction Oesophagus and Gastric Carcinomas • A tumour the epicenter of which is within 2 cm of the oesophagogastric junction and also extends into the oesophagus is classified and staged using the oesophageal scheme. Cancers involving the oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) whose epicenter is within the proximal 2 cm of the cardia (Siewert types I/II) are to be staged as oesophageal • Cancers whose epicenter is more than 2 cm distal from the OGJ will be staged using the Stomach Cancer TNM and Stage even if the OGJ is involved.
Oesophagus There are no changes in the definitions of the T, N and M categories. Note there are pathological prognostic groups available for squamous cell carcinoma and clinical and pathological prognostic groups available for adenocarcinoma The AJCC also publish post preoperative therapy prognostic groups for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Oesophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage I T1 N0, N1 M0 Stage II T2 N0, N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage III T1,T2 N2 M0 T3 N1, N2 M0 Stage IVA T4a,T4b Any N M0 Stage IVA Any T N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1 Pathological Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1a N0 M0 Stage IB T1b N0 M0 T2 N0 M0 Stage II T3 N0 M0 T1 N1 M0 Stage IIIA T1 N2 M0 T2 N1 M0 Stage IIIB T2 N2 M0 T3 N1, N2 M0 T4a N0, N1 M0 Stage IVA T4a N2 M0 T4b Any N M0 Any T N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
Oesophagus Adenocarcinoma Clinical Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage IIA T1 N1 M0 IIB T2 N0 M0 Stage III T1 N2 M0 T2 N1, N2 M0 T3,T4a N0, N1, M0 Stage IVA T4b N0, N1 M0 Any T N2, N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1 Pathological Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1a N0 M0 Stage IB T1b N0 M0 Stage IIA T2 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1a,T1b N1 M0 Stage IIIA T1 N2 M0 T2 N1 M0 T3, T4a N0 M0 Stage IIIB T2 N2 M0 T3 N1, N2 M0 T4a N1 M0 Stage IVA T4a N2 M0 T4b Any N M0 Any T N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
Gastric Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Clinical Stage Stage I T1, T2, N0 M0 Stage IIA T1, T2, N1, N2, N3 M0 Stage IIB T3, T4a N0 M0 Stage III T3, T4a N1, N2, N3 M0 Stage IV T4b Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Pathological Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T1 N1 M0 T2 N0 M0 Stage IIA T1 N2 M0 T2 N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1 N3a M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1 M0 T4a N0 M0
Colon and Rectum Definition of tumour deposit clarified Tumour deposits (satellites) are discrete macroscopic or microscopic nodules of cancer in the pericolorectal adipose tissue’s lymph drainage area of a primary carcinoma that are discontinuous from the primary and without histological evidence of residual lymph node or identifiable vascular or neural structures. If a vessel wall is identifiable on H&E, elastic or other stains, it should be classified as venous invasion (V1/2) or lymphatic invasion (L1). Similarly, if neural structures are identifiable, the lesion should be classified as perineural invasion (Pn1). The presence of tumour deposits does not change the primary tumour T category, but changes the node status (N) to N1c if all regional lymph nodes are negative on pathological examination
Colon and Rectum and Appendix T and N categories Unchanged M1 Distant metastasis M1a Metastasis confined to one organ (liver, lung, ovary, non regional lymph node(s)) without peritoneal metastases M1b Metastasis in more than one organ M1c Metastasis to the peritoneum with or without other organ involvement Stage Unchanged except for Stage IVA, IVB, IVC as below Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Stage IVA Any T Any N M1a Stage IVB Any T Any N M1b Stage IVC Any T Any N M1c Appendix Introduction of Tis (LAMN). Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm confined to the appendix Changes to N and M categories and Stage
Anal Canal Carcinoma Tumours of anal margin and perianal skin defined as within 5cm of the anal margin are now classified with carcinomas of the anal canal T categories are unchanged N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Metastasis in regional lymph node(s) N1a Metastases in inguinal, mesorectal, and/or internal iliac nodes N1b Metastases in external iliac nodes N1c Metastases in external iliac and in inguinal, mesorectal and/or internal iliac nodes M categories are unchanged Stage Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage IIA T2 N0 M0 Stage IIB T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T1, T2 N1 M0 Stage IIIB T4 N0 M0 Stage IIIC T3, T4 N1 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1
Liver T1a Solitary tumour less than or equal to 2 cm in greatest dimension with or without vascular invasion T1b Solitary tumor more than 2 cm in greatest dimension without vascular invasion T2 Solitary tumour with vascular invasion more than 2 cm dimension or multiple tumours, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension T3 Multiple tumours any more than 5 cm in greatest dimension T4 Tumour(s) involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein with direct invasion of adjacent organs including the diaphragm), other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum There are no changes in the definitions of the N and M categories. Stage Stage I A T1a N0 M0 Stage I B T1b N0 M0 Stage II T2 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIB T4 N0 M0 Stage IVA Any T N1 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts • Changes in definitions of T1 and T2 categories • Changes in Stage Gall Bladder • Changes in definitions of T2 category and N categories • Change in Stage Perihilar Bile Ducts No Changes Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct • Changes in definitions of T1,T2,T3 categories and N categories • Changes in Stage Ampulla of Vater • Changes in definitions of T1,T2 and T3 categories and N categories • Changes in Stage Well differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract • Pancreas added • Minor changes in T categories. • Changes in N category for Jejunum and Ileum • Minor changes in Stage
Pancreas T1 Tumour 2 cm or less T1a Tumour 0.5 cm or less T1b Tumour greater than 0.5 cm and less than 1 cm T1c Tumor greater than 1 cm but no more than 2 cm T2 Tumour more than 2 cm but no more than 4 cm T3 Tumour more than 4 cm in greatest dimension T4 Tumour involves coeliac axis, superior mesenteric artery and/or common hepatic artery N1 Metastases in 1 to 3 nodes N2 Metastases in 4 or more nodes M category unchanged Stage Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T2 N0 M0 Stage IIA T3 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 Stage III T1, T2, T3 N2 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1
Lung T1 Tumour 3 cm or less T1mi Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma T1a Tumour 1 cm or less T1b Tumour more than 1 cm but not more than 2 cm T1c Tumour more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm T2 Tumour more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm; or tumour with any of the following features: Involves main bronchus without involvement of the carina, or invades visceral pleura or associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis T2a Tumour more than 3 cm but not more than 4 cm T2b Tumour more than 4 cm but not more than 5 cm
Lung T3 Tumour more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm or directly invades: parietal pleura, chest wall, phrenic nerve, or parietal pericardium; or separate tumour nodule(s) in the same lobe. T4 Tumour more than 7 cm or of any size that invades any of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, oesophagus, vertebral body, carina; or separate tumour nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to the primary N Category- No Change M Category M1a Separate tumour nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumour with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion M1b Single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ M1c Multiple extrathoracic metastasis in a single or multiple organs
Lung Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IA1 T1mi,T1a N0 M0 Stage IA2 T1b N0 M0 Stage IA3 T1c N0 M0 Stage IB T2a N0 M0 Stage IIA T2b N0 M0 Stage IIB T1a-c, T2a,b N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T1a-c, T2a,b N2 M0 T3 N1 T4 N0,N1 M0 Stage IIIB T1a-c, T2a,b N3 M0 T3, T4 N2 M0 Stage IIIC T3, T4 N3 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Stage IVA Any T Any N M1a,b Stage IVB Any T Any N M1c
Mesothelioma and Thymus Mesothelioma Minor change in T1 category Changes in N category Changes in Stage Thymus Please see details in Nicholson AG, Detterbeck FC, Marino M et al. The IASLC/ITMIG thymic epithelial tumors staging project: proposals for the T component for the forthcoming (8th) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumors. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9: s73- s80.
Bone and Soft Tissues Sarcoma Bone • No Changes for sarcomas of the Appendicular Skeleton, Trunk, Skull and Facial Bones • New Classifications introduced for Spine and Pelvic Bone Sarcomas Soft Tissues sarcoma New T categories for Extremity and Superficial Trunk T1 Tumour 5 cm or less T2 Tumour more than 5 cm but no more than 10 cm T3 Tumour more than 10 cm but no more than 15 cm T4 Tumour more than 15 cm New Classification for retroperitoneal sarcoma (same as extremity) Head and Neck and also Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera
Skin carcinomas T categories T1 < 2 cm T2 > 2 to 4cm T3 > 4 cm T4a Tumor with gross cortical bone / marrow invasion T4b Tumor with skull base or axial skeleton invasion including foraminal involvement and/or vertebral foramen involvement to the epidural space N Categories for non head and neck N1 Metastasis in a single lymph node 3 cm or less N2 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm or in multiple ipsilateral nodes none more than 6 cm N3 Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm Head and Neck Region N categories as defined in slide 9
Skin carcinomas Stage Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage II T2 N0 M0 Stage III T3 N0 M0 T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 Stage IVA T1, T2, T3 N2, N3 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
Malignant Melanoma & Merkel cell carcinoma Cutaneous Melanoma • pT1a and pT1b categories introduced • pT1a < 0.8mm • pT1b > 0.8mm -1mm • M category • M1a Skin, subcutaneous tissue or non regional lymph nodes • M1b Lung • M1c Other non-central nervous system sites • M1d Central nervous system • M Category modified by elevated or non-elevated LDH Stage Revised Merkel cell • Changes in cN and pN classification and in Stage
Genitourinary Malignancies and Adrenal Cortex Prostate T4N0M0 is now stage III WHO Grade should be used to record tumour grade Stage Stage I T1, T2a N0 M0 Stage II T2b-2c N0 M0 Stage III T3,T4 N0 M0 Stage IV Any T N1 M0 Any T Any N M1 Penis Changes in T category and pathological N category Kidney N2 is eliminated
Genitourinary Malignancies and Adrenal Cortex Urinary bladder The M category is subdivided M1a Non regional lymph nodes M1b Other distant metastasis Minor changes to Stage Urethra Changes to N category N1 Metastasis in a single lymph node N2 Metastasis in multiple lymph nodes Adrenal Cortex Change in Stage Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage II T2 N0 M0 Stage III T1, T2 N1 M0 T3, T4 N0, N1 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1
Ovary – 8th ed TNM and Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma based on FIGO 2014 FIGO has published a new classification for ovarian cancer* This classification incorporates cancers of the fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas Staging classification for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum. Jaime Prat; for the FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 124 (2014) 1–5
Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneum T1 Limited to the ovaries I Tla One ovary, (capsule intact) IA or fallopian tube Tlb Both ovaries, capsule intact IB TIc1 Surgical Spill IC1 TIc2 Capsule ruptured before surgery or IC2 tumour on surface of ovary or tube TIc3 Malignant cells in ascites or IC3 peritoneal washings T2 Pelvic extension below pelvic brim or primary peritoneal cancer II T2a Uterus, tube(s), ovary (ies) IIA T2b Other pelvic tissues IIB T3 and/or Peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis N1 and/or regional lymph node metastasis III T1/T2 N1 Retroperitonal nodes only IIIA1 T1/T2 N1a < 10mm IIIA1i T1/T2 N1b > 10mm IIIA1ii T3a N0/N1 Microscopic peritoneal metastasis T3b N0/N1 Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis < 2cm IIIB T3c N0/N1 Peritoneal metastasis >2 cm IIIC M1 Distant metastasis (excludes peritoneal) IV M1a Pleural effusion positive cytology IVB M1b Parenchymal metastases IVB
Malignant Lymphoma A recent consensus conference in Lugano suggested a more simplified system putting together stage I and II as Limited Stage and stage III and IV as Advanced Stage lymphoma. Limited Stage • Stage I • Stage II • Bulky Stage II Advanced Stage • Stage III • Stage IV Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32: 3059-3068
Ophthalmic Tumours Carcinoma of Conjunctiva • Minor changes to definition of T1 and T2 categories Malignant Melanoma of Conjunctiva • Changes to the pathological T categories Malignant Melanoma of Uvea • Iris • Minor changes to definition T2 category Retinoblastoma • Changes to definition of cT1 and cM categories and pT and pM categories Sarcoma of the Orbit • Minor changes to definition of T1 and T2 categories Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland • Changes to the T categories
Essential TNM Information on anatomical extent of disease at presentation is often not available for cancer registries in low and middle in-come countries either because of inability to perform necessary investigations or because of lack of recording of information. The UICC TNM Project has with the International Agency for Research in Cancer and the National Cancer Institute developed “Essential TNM” that can be used to collect stage data when complete information is not available. When the T, N, and M categories have not been the cancer registrar can code the extent of disease according to the Essential TNM scheme. The schema for breast, colorectal cancer, prostate and cervix cancer published in the 8th edition TNM Classification and are available on the website.
Paediatric Tumours A consensus meeting held in 2014 recommended a tiered staging system with more detailed systems for well-resourced cancer registries and less detailed systems for registries with limited recourses and access The recommendations for tier 1 and 2 follow are published the the 8th edition TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. For some cancers recommendations are the same as described earlier for adult patients.
UNION FOR INTERNATIONAL CANCER CONTROL UNION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE CANCER 62 route de Frontenex, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland T. +41 (0)22 809 1811 F. +41 (0)22 809 1810 www.uicc.org Thank you

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TNM8: Changes from TNM7

  • 1.
    TNM Classification ofMalignant Tumours - 8th edition Changes between the 7th and 8th editions “We unite the cancer community to reduce the global cancer burden, to promote greater equity, and to integrate cancer control into the world health and development agenda.” December 2016
  • 2.
    TNM-8 The TMN 8thedition is being published in December 2016. The UICC TNM Project has published the 8th Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours that comes into effect on January 1, 2017. Since some organizations may not be ready to adopt the new classification, we recommend that the edition of the TNM classification be always included in data reporting The following is a summary of the changes between the 7th and 8th editions of TNM. Major changes are listed and minor changes are identified.
  • 3.
    TNM-8 New classifications: • Oropharynxp16+ve • Unknown primary cervical neck lymph nodes • Skin head and neck cancers • Thymus • Neuroendocrine tumors: pancreas • Osteosarcoma: Pelvic, Spine • Soft tissue Sarcoma: Head and neck, Retroperitoneal, Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera
  • 4.
    Major modifications • Headand Neck Nodes • Nasopharynx • Thyroid • Esophagus • Stomach • Anal Cancer • Liver • Lung • Prostate • Ovary
  • 5.
    Minor or nomodifications • Introduction • Other Head and Neck carcinomas • Hepatobiliary • Small intestine, Colon and rectum • Neuroendocrine • Pleura • Penis, Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra, • Eye • Malignant Lymphoma
  • 6.
    New Structure • RemoveC factor from introduction • Clarify ITC • Add Prognostic Grid • Essential TNM • Paediatric Malignancies
  • 7.
    ITC - UICC •Isolated tumour cells (ITC) are single tumour cells or small clusters of cells not more than 0.2 mm in greatest extent that can be detected by routine H and E stains or immunohistochemistry. An additional criterion has been proposed to include a cluster of fewer than 200 cells in a single histological cross-section others have proposed that a cluster should have 20 cells or fewer; definitions of ITC may vary by tumour site. • The exception is in Malignant Melanoma of the skin and Merkel Cell Carcinoma, wherein ITC in a lymph node are classified as N1. These cases should be analyzed separately.
  • 8.
    Head and NeckChanges • For all sites there are separate classifications for clinical and pathological neck nodes • There is a new classification for p16 positive oropharyngeal cancers. Tumours that have p16 immunohistochemistry overexpression. • The classification for nasopharyngeal cancers and thyroid cancers has been modified • The there is a new classification for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in the head and neck region • There is a new classification for cervical nodal involvement with unknown primary
  • 9.
    Pathological N1, N2a, N2band N2c unchanged other than specify without extranodal extension • pN3a Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension without extranodal extension • pN3b Metastasis in a lymph node more than 3 cm in greatest dimension with extranodal extension or, multiple ipsilateral, or any contralateral or bilateral node(s) with extranodal extension Cervical Nodes – 8th edition Clinical N1, N2a, N2b and N2c unchanged other than specify without extranodal extension • N3a Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension without extranodal extension • N3b Metastasis in a single or multiple lymph nodes with clinical extranodal extension* * The presence of skin involvement or soft tissue invasion with deep fixation/tethering to underlying muscle or adjacent structures or clinical signs of nerve involvement is classified as clinical extra nodal extension
  • 10.
    Oropharynx p16 Positivetumours Clinical and Pathological T categories • T1 Tumour 2 cm or less in greatest dimension • T2 Tumour more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm • T3 Tumour more than 4 cm in or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis • T4 Tumour invades any of the following: larynx, deep/ extrinsic muscle of tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus), medial pterygoid, hard palate, mandible*, lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, skull base; or encases carotid artery
  • 11.
    Oropharynx p16 Positivetumours Clinical N categories N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Unilateral metastasis, in lymph node(s), all 6 cm or less N2 Contralateral or bilateral metastasis in lymph node(s), all 6 cm or less in greatest dimension N3 Metastasis in lymph node(s) greater than 6 cm in dimension Pathological N categories pN0 No regional lymph node metastasis pN1 Metastasis in 1 to 4 lymph node(s) pN2 Metastasis in 5 or more lymph node(s)
  • 12.
    Clinical Stage I T1,T2N0,1 M0 Stage II T1,T2 N2 M0 T3 N0,N1,N2 M0 Stage III T1-T4 N3 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M0 Pathological Stage I T1,T2 N0,1 M0 Stage II T1,T2 N2 M0 T3 N0,N1 Stage III T3,T4 N2 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M0 Oropharynx p16 Positive tumours
  • 13.
    Nasopharynx T categories T1 Unchanged T2Tumour with extension to parapharyngeal space and/or infiltration of the medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and/or prevertebral muscles T3 Tumour invades bony structures of skull base cervical vertebra, pterygoid structures, and/or paranasal sinuses T4 Tumour with intracranial extension and/or involvement of cranial nerves, hypopharynx, orbit, parotid gland and/or infiltration beyond the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid muscle N Categories N1 Unilateral metastasis, in cervical lymph node(s), and/or unilateral or bilateral metastasis in retropharyn- geal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less ,above the caudal border of cricoid cartilage N2 Bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less above the caudal border of cricoid cartilage N3 Metastasis in cervical lymph node(s) greater than 6 cm in dimension and/or extension below the caudal border of cricoid cartilage
  • 14.
  • 15.
    Cervical Node Unknown Primary IfEBV positive stage as per nasopharyngeal carcinomas If p16 positive stage as per p16 positive oropharynx carcinomas If EBV and p16 negative clinical and pathological node definitions are as above Stage III T0 N1 M0 Stage IVA T0 N2 M0 Stage IVB T0 N3 M0 Stage IVC T0 N1, N2, N3 M1
  • 16.
    Thyroid Carcinoma Papillary andFollicular The definition of T3 has been revised for papillary and follicular and medullary carcinomas T3a Tumour more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid T3b Tumor of any size with gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, or omohyoid muscles) The age for a poor prognosis has changed from 45 years to 55 years Stage < 55 years old Stage I Any T Any N M0 Stage II Any T Any N M1 Stage >55 years old Stage I T1a,T1b,T2 N0 M0 Stage II T3 N0 M0 T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 Stage III T4a Any N M0 Stage IVA T4b Any N M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
  • 17.
    TNM-8 Oesphagogastric Junction Oesophagusand Gastric Carcinomas • A tumour the epicenter of which is within 2 cm of the oesophagogastric junction and also extends into the oesophagus is classified and staged using the oesophageal scheme. Cancers involving the oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) whose epicenter is within the proximal 2 cm of the cardia (Siewert types I/II) are to be staged as oesophageal • Cancers whose epicenter is more than 2 cm distal from the OGJ will be staged using the Stomach Cancer TNM and Stage even if the OGJ is involved.
  • 18.
    Oesophagus There are nochanges in the definitions of the T, N and M categories. Note there are pathological prognostic groups available for squamous cell carcinoma and clinical and pathological prognostic groups available for adenocarcinoma The AJCC also publish post preoperative therapy prognostic groups for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
  • 19.
    Oesophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma ClinicalStage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage I T1 N0, N1 M0 Stage II T2 N0, N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage III T1,T2 N2 M0 T3 N1, N2 M0 Stage IVA T4a,T4b Any N M0 Stage IVA Any T N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1 Pathological Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1a N0 M0 Stage IB T1b N0 M0 T2 N0 M0 Stage II T3 N0 M0 T1 N1 M0 Stage IIIA T1 N2 M0 T2 N1 M0 Stage IIIB T2 N2 M0 T3 N1, N2 M0 T4a N0, N1 M0 Stage IVA T4a N2 M0 T4b Any N M0 Any T N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
  • 20.
    Oesophagus Adenocarcinoma Clinical Stage Stage0 Tis N0 M0 Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage IIA T1 N1 M0 IIB T2 N0 M0 Stage III T1 N2 M0 T2 N1, N2 M0 T3,T4a N0, N1, M0 Stage IVA T4b N0, N1 M0 Any T N2, N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1 Pathological Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1a N0 M0 Stage IB T1b N0 M0 Stage IIA T2 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1a,T1b N1 M0 Stage IIIA T1 N2 M0 T2 N1 M0 T3, T4a N0 M0 Stage IIIB T2 N2 M0 T3 N1, N2 M0 T4a N1 M0 Stage IVA T4a N2 M0 T4b Any N M0 Any T N3 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
  • 21.
    Gastric Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Clinical Stage StageI T1, T2, N0 M0 Stage IIA T1, T2, N1, N2, N3 M0 Stage IIB T3, T4a N0 M0 Stage III T3, T4a N1, N2, N3 M0 Stage IV T4b Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Pathological Stage Stage 0 Tis N0 M0 Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T1 N1 M0 T2 N0 M0 Stage IIA T1 N2 M0 T2 N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1 N3a M0 T2 N2 M0 T3 N1 M0 T4a N0 M0
  • 22.
    Colon and Rectum Definitionof tumour deposit clarified Tumour deposits (satellites) are discrete macroscopic or microscopic nodules of cancer in the pericolorectal adipose tissue’s lymph drainage area of a primary carcinoma that are discontinuous from the primary and without histological evidence of residual lymph node or identifiable vascular or neural structures. If a vessel wall is identifiable on H&E, elastic or other stains, it should be classified as venous invasion (V1/2) or lymphatic invasion (L1). Similarly, if neural structures are identifiable, the lesion should be classified as perineural invasion (Pn1). The presence of tumour deposits does not change the primary tumour T category, but changes the node status (N) to N1c if all regional lymph nodes are negative on pathological examination
  • 23.
    Colon and Rectumand Appendix T and N categories Unchanged M1 Distant metastasis M1a Metastasis confined to one organ (liver, lung, ovary, non regional lymph node(s)) without peritoneal metastases M1b Metastasis in more than one organ M1c Metastasis to the peritoneum with or without other organ involvement Stage Unchanged except for Stage IVA, IVB, IVC as below Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Stage IVA Any T Any N M1a Stage IVB Any T Any N M1b Stage IVC Any T Any N M1c Appendix Introduction of Tis (LAMN). Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm confined to the appendix Changes to N and M categories and Stage
  • 24.
    Anal Canal Carcinoma Tumoursof anal margin and perianal skin defined as within 5cm of the anal margin are now classified with carcinomas of the anal canal T categories are unchanged N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Metastasis in regional lymph node(s) N1a Metastases in inguinal, mesorectal, and/or internal iliac nodes N1b Metastases in external iliac nodes N1c Metastases in external iliac and in inguinal, mesorectal and/or internal iliac nodes M categories are unchanged Stage Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage IIA T2 N0 M0 Stage IIB T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T1, T2 N1 M0 Stage IIIB T4 N0 M0 Stage IIIC T3, T4 N1 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1
  • 25.
    Liver T1a Solitary tumourless than or equal to 2 cm in greatest dimension with or without vascular invasion T1b Solitary tumor more than 2 cm in greatest dimension without vascular invasion T2 Solitary tumour with vascular invasion more than 2 cm dimension or multiple tumours, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension T3 Multiple tumours any more than 5 cm in greatest dimension T4 Tumour(s) involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein with direct invasion of adjacent organs including the diaphragm), other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum There are no changes in the definitions of the N and M categories. Stage Stage I A T1a N0 M0 Stage I B T1b N0 M0 Stage II T2 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIB T4 N0 M0 Stage IVA Any T N1 M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
  • 26.
    Intrahepatic Bile Ducts •Changes in definitions of T1 and T2 categories • Changes in Stage Gall Bladder • Changes in definitions of T2 category and N categories • Change in Stage Perihilar Bile Ducts No Changes Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct • Changes in definitions of T1,T2,T3 categories and N categories • Changes in Stage Ampulla of Vater • Changes in definitions of T1,T2 and T3 categories and N categories • Changes in Stage Well differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract • Pancreas added • Minor changes in T categories. • Changes in N category for Jejunum and Ileum • Minor changes in Stage
  • 27.
    Pancreas T1 Tumour 2cm or less T1a Tumour 0.5 cm or less T1b Tumour greater than 0.5 cm and less than 1 cm T1c Tumor greater than 1 cm but no more than 2 cm T2 Tumour more than 2 cm but no more than 4 cm T3 Tumour more than 4 cm in greatest dimension T4 Tumour involves coeliac axis, superior mesenteric artery and/or common hepatic artery N1 Metastases in 1 to 3 nodes N2 Metastases in 4 or more nodes M category unchanged Stage Stage IA T1 N0 M0 Stage IB T2 N0 M0 Stage IIA T3 N0 M0 Stage IIB T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 Stage III T1, T2, T3 N2 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1
  • 28.
    Lung T1 Tumour 3cm or less T1mi Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma T1a Tumour 1 cm or less T1b Tumour more than 1 cm but not more than 2 cm T1c Tumour more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm T2 Tumour more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm; or tumour with any of the following features: Involves main bronchus without involvement of the carina, or invades visceral pleura or associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis T2a Tumour more than 3 cm but not more than 4 cm T2b Tumour more than 4 cm but not more than 5 cm
  • 29.
    Lung T3 Tumour morethan 5 cm but not more than 7 cm or directly invades: parietal pleura, chest wall, phrenic nerve, or parietal pericardium; or separate tumour nodule(s) in the same lobe. T4 Tumour more than 7 cm or of any size that invades any of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, oesophagus, vertebral body, carina; or separate tumour nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to the primary N Category- No Change M Category M1a Separate tumour nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumour with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion M1b Single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ M1c Multiple extrathoracic metastasis in a single or multiple organs
  • 30.
    Lung Stage IA T1N0 M0 Stage IA1 T1mi,T1a N0 M0 Stage IA2 T1b N0 M0 Stage IA3 T1c N0 M0 Stage IB T2a N0 M0 Stage IIA T2b N0 M0 Stage IIB T1a-c, T2a,b N1 M0 T3 N0 M0 Stage IIIA T1a-c, T2a,b N2 M0 T3 N1 T4 N0,N1 M0 Stage IIIB T1a-c, T2a,b N3 M0 T3, T4 N2 M0 Stage IIIC T3, T4 N3 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1 Stage IVA Any T Any N M1a,b Stage IVB Any T Any N M1c
  • 31.
    Mesothelioma and Thymus Mesothelioma Minorchange in T1 category Changes in N category Changes in Stage Thymus Please see details in Nicholson AG, Detterbeck FC, Marino M et al. The IASLC/ITMIG thymic epithelial tumors staging project: proposals for the T component for the forthcoming (8th) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumors. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9: s73- s80.
  • 32.
    Bone and SoftTissues Sarcoma Bone • No Changes for sarcomas of the Appendicular Skeleton, Trunk, Skull and Facial Bones • New Classifications introduced for Spine and Pelvic Bone Sarcomas Soft Tissues sarcoma New T categories for Extremity and Superficial Trunk T1 Tumour 5 cm or less T2 Tumour more than 5 cm but no more than 10 cm T3 Tumour more than 10 cm but no more than 15 cm T4 Tumour more than 15 cm New Classification for retroperitoneal sarcoma (same as extremity) Head and Neck and also Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera
  • 33.
    Skin carcinomas T categories T1< 2 cm T2 > 2 to 4cm T3 > 4 cm T4a Tumor with gross cortical bone / marrow invasion T4b Tumor with skull base or axial skeleton invasion including foraminal involvement and/or vertebral foramen involvement to the epidural space N Categories for non head and neck N1 Metastasis in a single lymph node 3 cm or less N2 Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm or in multiple ipsilateral nodes none more than 6 cm N3 Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm Head and Neck Region N categories as defined in slide 9
  • 34.
    Skin carcinomas Stage Stage IT1 N0 M0 Stage II T2 N0 M0 Stage III T3 N0 M0 T1, T2, T3 N1 M0 Stage IVA T1, T2, T3 N2, N3 M0 T4 Any N M0 Stage IVB Any T Any N M1
  • 35.
    Malignant Melanoma &Merkel cell carcinoma Cutaneous Melanoma • pT1a and pT1b categories introduced • pT1a < 0.8mm • pT1b > 0.8mm -1mm • M category • M1a Skin, subcutaneous tissue or non regional lymph nodes • M1b Lung • M1c Other non-central nervous system sites • M1d Central nervous system • M Category modified by elevated or non-elevated LDH Stage Revised Merkel cell • Changes in cN and pN classification and in Stage
  • 36.
    Genitourinary Malignancies andAdrenal Cortex Prostate T4N0M0 is now stage III WHO Grade should be used to record tumour grade Stage Stage I T1, T2a N0 M0 Stage II T2b-2c N0 M0 Stage III T3,T4 N0 M0 Stage IV Any T N1 M0 Any T Any N M1 Penis Changes in T category and pathological N category Kidney N2 is eliminated
  • 37.
    Genitourinary Malignancies andAdrenal Cortex Urinary bladder The M category is subdivided M1a Non regional lymph nodes M1b Other distant metastasis Minor changes to Stage Urethra Changes to N category N1 Metastasis in a single lymph node N2 Metastasis in multiple lymph nodes Adrenal Cortex Change in Stage Stage I T1 N0 M0 Stage II T2 N0 M0 Stage III T1, T2 N1 M0 T3, T4 N0, N1 M0 Stage IV Any T Any N M1
  • 38.
    Ovary – 8thed TNM and Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma based on FIGO 2014 FIGO has published a new classification for ovarian cancer* This classification incorporates cancers of the fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinomas Staging classification for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum. Jaime Prat; for the FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 124 (2014) 1–5
  • 39.
    Ovary, Fallopian Tubeand Primary Peritoneum T1 Limited to the ovaries I Tla One ovary, (capsule intact) IA or fallopian tube Tlb Both ovaries, capsule intact IB TIc1 Surgical Spill IC1 TIc2 Capsule ruptured before surgery or IC2 tumour on surface of ovary or tube TIc3 Malignant cells in ascites or IC3 peritoneal washings T2 Pelvic extension below pelvic brim or primary peritoneal cancer II T2a Uterus, tube(s), ovary (ies) IIA T2b Other pelvic tissues IIB T3 and/or Peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis N1 and/or regional lymph node metastasis III T1/T2 N1 Retroperitonal nodes only IIIA1 T1/T2 N1a < 10mm IIIA1i T1/T2 N1b > 10mm IIIA1ii T3a N0/N1 Microscopic peritoneal metastasis T3b N0/N1 Macroscopic peritoneal metastasis < 2cm IIIB T3c N0/N1 Peritoneal metastasis >2 cm IIIC M1 Distant metastasis (excludes peritoneal) IV M1a Pleural effusion positive cytology IVB M1b Parenchymal metastases IVB
  • 40.
    Malignant Lymphoma A recentconsensus conference in Lugano suggested a more simplified system putting together stage I and II as Limited Stage and stage III and IV as Advanced Stage lymphoma. Limited Stage • Stage I • Stage II • Bulky Stage II Advanced Stage • Stage III • Stage IV Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32: 3059-3068
  • 41.
    Ophthalmic Tumours Carcinoma ofConjunctiva • Minor changes to definition of T1 and T2 categories Malignant Melanoma of Conjunctiva • Changes to the pathological T categories Malignant Melanoma of Uvea • Iris • Minor changes to definition T2 category Retinoblastoma • Changes to definition of cT1 and cM categories and pT and pM categories Sarcoma of the Orbit • Minor changes to definition of T1 and T2 categories Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland • Changes to the T categories
  • 42.
    Essential TNM Information onanatomical extent of disease at presentation is often not available for cancer registries in low and middle in-come countries either because of inability to perform necessary investigations or because of lack of recording of information. The UICC TNM Project has with the International Agency for Research in Cancer and the National Cancer Institute developed “Essential TNM” that can be used to collect stage data when complete information is not available. When the T, N, and M categories have not been the cancer registrar can code the extent of disease according to the Essential TNM scheme. The schema for breast, colorectal cancer, prostate and cervix cancer published in the 8th edition TNM Classification and are available on the website.
  • 43.
    Paediatric Tumours A consensusmeeting held in 2014 recommended a tiered staging system with more detailed systems for well-resourced cancer registries and less detailed systems for registries with limited recourses and access The recommendations for tier 1 and 2 follow are published the the 8th edition TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. For some cancers recommendations are the same as described earlier for adult patients.
  • 44.
    UNION FOR INTERNATIONALCANCER CONTROL UNION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LE CANCER 62 route de Frontenex, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland T. +41 (0)22 809 1811 F. +41 (0)22 809 1810 www.uicc.org Thank you