Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC):
Breast Cancer Treatment: Where we are, Where we're going - April 24th, 2018Summit Health
Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center Lecture Series. A lecture and panel discussion format about the latest advances in surgery and innovative therapies for breast cancer presented by Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center Specialists Dr. Lisa Mills, Dr. David Schreiber and Dr. Winnie Polen.
Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC):
Breast Cancer Treatment: Where we are, Where we're going - April 24th, 2018Summit Health
Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center Lecture Series. A lecture and panel discussion format about the latest advances in surgery and innovative therapies for breast cancer presented by Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center Specialists Dr. Lisa Mills, Dr. David Schreiber and Dr. Winnie Polen.
This is a concise presentation on the pathology of endometrial cancer based on the latest WHO female genital tumors latest edition, 5th edition
prepared on April 2022
Management of Early Breast Cancer (by Dr. Akhil Kapoor)Akhil Kapoor
Comprehensive discussion on Management of Early Breast Cancer along with NCCN guidelines.
Slides prepared by Dr. Akhil Kapoor
(Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology,
Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment & Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Tried to summarise all landmark trials in carcinoma breast in radiation oncology,medical oncology as well in surgical oncology.
References taken from Devita Book,Breast Disease book from Springer,journals like NEJM,JAMA,LANCET,ANNL ONCOLOGY etc,internet,Perez book,Practical Clinical Oncology by Hanna etc textbooks.
Thanks.
Carcinoma Endometrium ( uterine cancer)
Endometrial cancer starts when cells in the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) start to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other parts of the body
Endometrial cancer (also called endometrial carcinoma) starts in the cells of the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium). This is the most common type of cancer in the uterus
Endometrial carcinomas can be divided into different types based on how the cells look under the microscope. (These are called histologic types.)
They include:
Adenocarcinoma (most endometrial cancers are a type of adenocarcinoma called endometrioid cancer -- see below)
Uterine carcinosarcoma or CS (covered below in the grading section)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Transitional carcinoma
Serous carcinoma
Clear-cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, dedifferentiated carcinoma, and serous adenocarcinoma are less common types of endometrial adenocarcinomas. They tend to grow and spread faster than most types of endometrial cancer. They often have spread outside the uterus by the time they're diagnosed.
Endometrioid cancer
Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, and endometrioid cancer is the most common type of adenocarcinoma, by far. Endometrioid cancers start in gland cells and look a lot like the normal uterine lining (endometrium). Some of these cancers have squamous cells (squamous cells are flat, thin cells), as well as glandular cells.
There are many variants (or sub-types) of endometrioid cancers including:
Adenocarcinoma, (with squamous differentiation)
Adenoacanthoma
Adenosquamous (or mixed cell)
Secretory carcinoma
Ciliated carcinoma
Villoglandular adenocarcinoma
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy For Postmenopausal Breast CancerEmad Shash
Questions Covered in the presentation:
• Should patients receive an AI or Tamoxifen?
• Should patients receive monotherapy (AI or Tamoxifen alone) or sequential
therapy using both?
• 5 vs 10 years of therapy?
• If More than 5 years of endocrine therapy, which class to be used
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy | Lunch and Learn - Dec 2014 | Dr. Caroline LohrischCBCFBCYukon
Dr. Lohrisch's research presentation is about a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment therapies that will assist oncologists in choosing the right treatment, for the right woman, for the right disease.
Learn more about her research http://ow.ly/Fzfdt
This is a concise presentation on the pathology of endometrial cancer based on the latest WHO female genital tumors latest edition, 5th edition
prepared on April 2022
Management of Early Breast Cancer (by Dr. Akhil Kapoor)Akhil Kapoor
Comprehensive discussion on Management of Early Breast Cancer along with NCCN guidelines.
Slides prepared by Dr. Akhil Kapoor
(Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology,
Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment & Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Tried to summarise all landmark trials in carcinoma breast in radiation oncology,medical oncology as well in surgical oncology.
References taken from Devita Book,Breast Disease book from Springer,journals like NEJM,JAMA,LANCET,ANNL ONCOLOGY etc,internet,Perez book,Practical Clinical Oncology by Hanna etc textbooks.
Thanks.
Carcinoma Endometrium ( uterine cancer)
Endometrial cancer starts when cells in the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) start to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other parts of the body
Endometrial cancer (also called endometrial carcinoma) starts in the cells of the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium). This is the most common type of cancer in the uterus
Endometrial carcinomas can be divided into different types based on how the cells look under the microscope. (These are called histologic types.)
They include:
Adenocarcinoma (most endometrial cancers are a type of adenocarcinoma called endometrioid cancer -- see below)
Uterine carcinosarcoma or CS (covered below in the grading section)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Transitional carcinoma
Serous carcinoma
Clear-cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, dedifferentiated carcinoma, and serous adenocarcinoma are less common types of endometrial adenocarcinomas. They tend to grow and spread faster than most types of endometrial cancer. They often have spread outside the uterus by the time they're diagnosed.
Endometrioid cancer
Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, and endometrioid cancer is the most common type of adenocarcinoma, by far. Endometrioid cancers start in gland cells and look a lot like the normal uterine lining (endometrium). Some of these cancers have squamous cells (squamous cells are flat, thin cells), as well as glandular cells.
There are many variants (or sub-types) of endometrioid cancers including:
Adenocarcinoma, (with squamous differentiation)
Adenoacanthoma
Adenosquamous (or mixed cell)
Secretory carcinoma
Ciliated carcinoma
Villoglandular adenocarcinoma
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy For Postmenopausal Breast CancerEmad Shash
Questions Covered in the presentation:
• Should patients receive an AI or Tamoxifen?
• Should patients receive monotherapy (AI or Tamoxifen alone) or sequential
therapy using both?
• 5 vs 10 years of therapy?
• If More than 5 years of endocrine therapy, which class to be used
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy | Lunch and Learn - Dec 2014 | Dr. Caroline LohrischCBCFBCYukon
Dr. Lohrisch's research presentation is about a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment therapies that will assist oncologists in choosing the right treatment, for the right woman, for the right disease.
Learn more about her research http://ow.ly/Fzfdt
Pruebas genómicas de recurrencia en cáncer de mama - OncotypeDx y su entornoMauricio Lema
Presentación para el simposio satélite de Amarey en el marco del congreso de los 85 años del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Hotel Hyatt, 29.08.2019, Bogotá
From Queens Library's expert-led panel, Cancer Awareness: What You Need to Know, featuring professionals from New York Hospital Queens, North Shore LIJ, the American Cancer Society, and the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
Advances in risk assessment, differential diagnosis between aggressive and non-aggressive tumors, and the development of novel/optimized treatment for advanced disease are discussed.
This slide deck is made available for patients/caregivers. It is not a substitute for seeking medical help. Please check original sources listed in the deck and consult your physician for the latest information and advice.
Evaluation and management of Stage III Non-Small Cell Carcinoma Lung including Radiotherapy planning. On a Radiation Oncologist Perspective. MD Radiotherapy discussion - CMC, Vellore
How useful are advance directives in directing end of life care and do people really understand or want to know the true status of their health as the end nears?
Understanding how intermittent fasting may not only help weight loss but have multiple other health benefits including life prolongation, preventing cancer and dementia
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
4. Tests need to properly stage a woman with breast cancer
Most cases: just mammogram (and possibly ultrasound) and routine blood work and
careful review of the biopsy (pathology review)
Optional:
Breast MRI may be useful to the surgeon if the woman has dense breasts and a
lumpectomy is being considered
Other scans (like CT scan or bone or liver or brain scan) only if symptoms or abnormal
blood tests
PET scan generally reserved for high risk cases (e.g. multiple lymph node spread or
triple negative cancers)
6. Now includes not just TNM (tumor, nodes, metastases) but also biomarkers (estrogen
receptor ER, grade and HER2) and even genomics (OncotypeDx)
7. Now includes not just TNM (tumor, nodes, metastases) but also biomarkers (estrogen
receptor ER, progesterone PR, grade and HER2) and even genomics (OncotypeDX)
8. Start with the Tumor Size or T Stage
T1 up to 2 cm and T2 >2cm up to 5cm and T3 > 5cm
9. Tumor Invasion for T4 Stage
T4a chest wall T4b skin nodules T4b edema T4c skin and chest
T4d Inflammatory: diffuse erythema and edema > 1/3 breast)
10. Then Look at Lymph
Nodes for N Stage
3 Levels of Axillary
Nodes
Supraclavicular
Nodes
Internal Mammary
Nodes
12. Pathologic Node Status Based on Size of Cancer in the Node
N0 (i+) isolated tumor cells no large than 0.2mm , if larger and up to 2mm called
N1mi for microscopic, if > 2mm then macro node or N1
16. Genomic Classes Not in Use Yet
Genomics = the genes (and mutations) found
in the cancer biopsy
17. Luminal A – high estrogen receptor positive , negative
on HER2 , and low grade or low Ki-67 , best outlook
Basal Like – triple negative (negative for estrogen,
progesterone and HER2) and they have the worst
outlook
Genomic Classes
19. Local and regional recurrence by
patient group
Triple Negative worst
Luminal A - second best
20. Local and regional recurrence by
patient group
HER2 second worst
HER2 is best if you treat with
Herceptin
21. Things That Affect Prognosis (DSS = disease specific survival at 5 Years)
22. Outcome if Combine TNM Stage with other High Risk Biomarkers
Add one point for each of
these additional risk factors
DSS = disease specific survival
(do not die from breast
cancer)
OS = overall survival
23. 5 Year Disease Specific Survival by Stage and Risk Points
0 points
1 point
2 points
3 points
Stage based on TNM
29. Exceptions to the Rule
Any distant metastases is always Stage IV
Low risk Oncotype keeps the early stages as IA
30. 10 Year Risk of Distant Relapse after Tamoxifen (5y)
In Node Negative Patients
Recurrence Score
RiskofRelapse
Genomics:
Test the gene
mutations in the
cancer biopsy ,
should predict
how dangerous
the cancer is, or
the risk of a
relapse or
recurrence
31. 10 Year Risk of Distant Relapse after Tamoxifen (5y)
In Node Negative Patients
Recurrence Score
RiskofRelapse
Genomic testing on the
cancer will determine the
recurrence score
32. 10 Year Risk of Distant Relapse after Tamoxifen (5y)
In Node Negative Patients
Recurrence Score
RiskofRelapse
A low risk recurrence score
predicts the risk of relapse
treated with Tamoxifen
Recurrence score of 8
Risk of a relapse
only 7%
33. 10 Year Risk of Distant Relapse after Tamoxifen (5y)
In Node Negative Patients
Recurrence Score
RiskofRelapse
A high risk recurrence
score predicts the risk of
relapse treated with
Tamoxifen Recurrence score of 44
Risk of a relapse 31%
so needs to consider
adding
chemotherapy to
the hormone
therapy
35. Endocrine Therapy or Chemotherapy for Node Negative, ERP+, HER2 - , Based on
Recurrence Score (TAILORx Trial) NEJM 2018
Freedom from Recurrence/9y 1- 10 11-25 26+
Endocrine 99% 92%
Chemo/Endo 93% 85%
Overall Survival/ 9y
Endocrine 94% 94%
Chemo/Endo 94% 89%
Recurrence Score
Score 1-10 (Low Risk)
Low Risk, Node Negative patients do quite well with only hormone
therapy and chemotherapy not necessary
36. Endocrine Therapy or Chemotherapy for Node Negative, ERP+, HER2 - , Based on
Recurrence Score (TAILORx Trial) NEJM 2018
Freedom from Recurrence/9y 1- 10 11-25 26+
Endocrine 99% 92%
Chemo/Endo 93% 85%
Overall Survival/ 9y
Endocrine 94% 94%
Chemo/Endo 94% 89%
Recurrence Score
11-25 (Intermediate) 26+ (High Risk)
Intermediate Risk, Node Negative patients do quite well with only hormone
therapy and gain very little with the addition of chemotherapy (unless
younger than 50)
37. Recurrence or Mortality with 1 – 3 Nodes +
Tamoxifen
ChemoRx +
Tamoxifen
Rate
Lets you compare the results with hormone
therapy alone or combined with chemotherapy
Genomics
testing in node
positive cases
to see if
chemotherapy
is better than
hormone
therapy in all
cases
39. Recurrence or Mortality with 1 – 3 Nodes +
Tamoxifen
ChemoRx +
Tamoxifen
RelapseRate
Low Score
ChemoRx
Tamoxifen
Low recurrence score, the
relapse rate is lowest with
Tamoxifen alone
(chemotherapy of no benefit)
Recurrence Score
40. Recurrence or Mortality with 1 – 3 Nodes +
Tamoxifen
ChemoRx +
Tamoxifen
High Score
High recurrence score
Recurrence Score
41. Recurrence or Mortality with 1 – 3 Nodes +
Tamoxifen
ChemoRx +
Tamoxifen
High Score
Tamoxifen worse
ChemoRx
best
High recurrence score Chemo Best
Recurrence Score
42. Recurrence or Mortality with 4 + Nodes +
Low Intermed High
Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen +
ChemoRx
At some point the benefits of
chemotherapy become obvious
43. Which is more important, the clinical risk categories or the
genomic analysis. What if they give conflicting information?
Does Mammaprint Outweigh the Clinical Risk in deciding on
ChemoRx (MINDACT Trial, NEJM Aug 25, 2016)
44. Clinical Stage = High Risk (should benefit from Chemotherapy)
Genomics = Low Risk (no need for chemotherapy)
Cure Rate (DMFS)
Nodes Involved No Chemo Yes Chemo
None 93.2% 95.7%
Yes 95.6% 96.3%
DMFS = distant metastatic free survival
Conclusion: genomics trumps clinical stage in avoiding chemotherapy
45. Clinical Stage = Low Risk (would not from Chemotherapy)
Genomics = High Risk (may need chemotherapy)
Cure Rate (DMFS)
Nodes Involved No Chemo Yes Chemo
None 95.1% 96%
DMFS = distant metastatic free survival
Conclusion: genomics does not trump clinical stage in adding
chemotherapy
46. Combing the risk factors to determine the outcome by different therapies,
The use of online calculators or genomics
Adjuvant Online (currently unavailable)
Predict: www. predict.nhs.uk
CancerMath.net
47. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 4 8 12 16 20
Number of Positive Nodes
15 Year Overall Survival Based on Tumor Size and
Number of Lymph Node Metastases
Calculation
based on 66 yo
woman with
ERP+ and HER2-,
2.5cm , grade 2
invasive ductal
cancer using
PREDICT and
treated with
Chemo +
Hormone Rx
1 cm
2.5 cm
4 cm
8 cm
predict.nhs.uk
48. 15 Year Overall Survival Based on Tumor Size and
Number of Lymph Node Metastases
The size is
less
important
if the
number of
nodes
involved is
small
49. 15 Year Overall Survival Based on Tumor Size and
Number of Lymph Node Metastases
Note the higher the number of involved nodes, the worse the survival
The bigger the
tumor, the
worse the
impact of the
nodes
50. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 4 8 12 16 20
percent
Positive Lymph Nodes
Surgery
Surgery +
Hormone Rx
S + H +
Chemotherapy
15 Year Overall Survival Based on Therapy and Number
of Lymph Node Metastases
Calculation
based on 66 yo
woman with
ERP+ and HER2-,
2.5cm , grade 2
invasive ductal
cancer using
PREDICT
predict.nhs.uk
51. In high risk
women with a
large number
of nodes, the
benefits of
chemotherapy
is large
In low risk
women with a
small number
of nodes, the
benefits of
chemotherapy
are small
15 Year Overall Survival