The document discusses cancer development and common cancers like lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancer. It covers cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening recommendations, and a case study demonstrating neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment and sentinel lymph node biopsy for a woman diagnosed with breast cancer. Early detection through screening and awareness of changes in one's body is emphasized as the best way to catch cancer early and improve outcomes.
This document provides an overview of women's cancers presented by Stephan Esser MD. It reviews definitions, statistics, anatomy and physiology related to breast, uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancers. It discusses risk factors, opportunities for prevention, and proposes chronic inflammation as a model for cancer causation. The presentation aims to educate and empower audiences while motivating them towards lifestyle choices that may reduce cancer risk and progression, such as reducing toxins, adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle, managing stress, and avoiding chronic inflammation.
The document provides information about various cancers including warning signs, risk factors, screening guidelines, and Medicare coverage. For breast cancer, it discusses self-examination techniques and recommends yearly mammograms starting at age 40. For lung cancer, it states the main risk factor is smoking and there are no recommended screening tests. Colon cancer screening is recommended starting at age 50 using various tests. Medicare covers some screening and counseling services.
CANCER - sign & Symptoms and investigation Kundan Singh
This document discusses signs and symptoms of cancer and the importance of early detection. It notes that common cancers globally include prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers in developed countries and breast and cervical cancers in developing countries. While signs of cancer can mimic other illnesses, a high index of suspicion is important. Some red flags to watch out for include persistent coughs, unexplained weight loss, abnormal bleeding, and lumps or swelling. Thorough exams, screening tests, and biopsies when needed are crucial for diagnosis. Early detection can improve cancer outcomes.
Cancer Awareness By Ms. Susmita Mitra
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
The document discusses cancer awareness in India. Cancer is a major cause of death in India, responsible for about 6.8 lakh deaths annually. Several factors are contributing to higher rates of cancer in India, including increasing life expectancy, adoption of Western lifestyles, and lack of early detection and treatment services. National Cancer Awareness Day is observed on November 7th to raise awareness about cancer prevention through healthy lifestyle choices and the importance of early detection and treatment.
In this webinar, we talk about the risks associated with colorectal cancer – including everything from diet, lifestyle, age, family history and more. We review the risks of recurrence for colorectal cancer survivors. Join us to learn how to reduce your risk of colorectal cancer!
Presented by Harvey Murff, M.D, M.P.H. is an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health at Vanderbilt University
Brain cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain that can be benign or malignant and spread to other parts of the body. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, speech problems, imbalance or difficulty walking, and impaired or restricted vision. Breast cancer is caused by multiple factors including lifestyle and aging, and in some cases genetics, with common symptoms being lumps in the breast or armpit, changes in breast shape or size, and skin changes. Common gynecological cancers are cervical, ovarian, endometrial and fallopian tube, with symptoms including irregular periods, bleeding after sex or menopause, and abnormal discharge. Lung cancer risk is highest for smokers and increases with duration and amount smoked, with
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and fatal cancers globally. Risk factors include age, family history, diet, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Screening tests like colonoscopy can detect and remove precancerous polyps, helping to prevent colorectal cancer by interrupting its typical development through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Modifying lifestyle factors and participating in screening are important for colorectal cancer prevention and early detection.
This document provides an overview of women's cancers presented by Stephan Esser MD. It reviews definitions, statistics, anatomy and physiology related to breast, uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancers. It discusses risk factors, opportunities for prevention, and proposes chronic inflammation as a model for cancer causation. The presentation aims to educate and empower audiences while motivating them towards lifestyle choices that may reduce cancer risk and progression, such as reducing toxins, adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle, managing stress, and avoiding chronic inflammation.
The document provides information about various cancers including warning signs, risk factors, screening guidelines, and Medicare coverage. For breast cancer, it discusses self-examination techniques and recommends yearly mammograms starting at age 40. For lung cancer, it states the main risk factor is smoking and there are no recommended screening tests. Colon cancer screening is recommended starting at age 50 using various tests. Medicare covers some screening and counseling services.
CANCER - sign & Symptoms and investigation Kundan Singh
This document discusses signs and symptoms of cancer and the importance of early detection. It notes that common cancers globally include prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers in developed countries and breast and cervical cancers in developing countries. While signs of cancer can mimic other illnesses, a high index of suspicion is important. Some red flags to watch out for include persistent coughs, unexplained weight loss, abnormal bleeding, and lumps or swelling. Thorough exams, screening tests, and biopsies when needed are crucial for diagnosis. Early detection can improve cancer outcomes.
Cancer Awareness By Ms. Susmita Mitra
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
The document discusses cancer awareness in India. Cancer is a major cause of death in India, responsible for about 6.8 lakh deaths annually. Several factors are contributing to higher rates of cancer in India, including increasing life expectancy, adoption of Western lifestyles, and lack of early detection and treatment services. National Cancer Awareness Day is observed on November 7th to raise awareness about cancer prevention through healthy lifestyle choices and the importance of early detection and treatment.
In this webinar, we talk about the risks associated with colorectal cancer – including everything from diet, lifestyle, age, family history and more. We review the risks of recurrence for colorectal cancer survivors. Join us to learn how to reduce your risk of colorectal cancer!
Presented by Harvey Murff, M.D, M.P.H. is an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health at Vanderbilt University
Brain cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain that can be benign or malignant and spread to other parts of the body. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, speech problems, imbalance or difficulty walking, and impaired or restricted vision. Breast cancer is caused by multiple factors including lifestyle and aging, and in some cases genetics, with common symptoms being lumps in the breast or armpit, changes in breast shape or size, and skin changes. Common gynecological cancers are cervical, ovarian, endometrial and fallopian tube, with symptoms including irregular periods, bleeding after sex or menopause, and abnormal discharge. Lung cancer risk is highest for smokers and increases with duration and amount smoked, with
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and fatal cancers globally. Risk factors include age, family history, diet, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Screening tests like colonoscopy can detect and remove precancerous polyps, helping to prevent colorectal cancer by interrupting its typical development through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Modifying lifestyle factors and participating in screening are important for colorectal cancer prevention and early detection.
This document contains information about Dr. Kanhu Charan Patro, a radiation oncologist based in Visakhapatnam, India. It discusses various cancer-related topics including common myths about cancer, cancer survival rates, what cancer is, cancer statistics, cancer stages, cancer symptoms, causes of cancer like heredity, infection, chemicals, lifestyle factors, cancer prevention, cancer treatment options, side effects of treatment, tobacco and its health effects, and actions individuals can take to prevent cancer.
This document discusses cancer, including different types, causes, detection, diagnosis, and prevention. It provides an overview of cancer development from normal cell growth to uncontrolled growth and potential metastasis. Cancers can be caused by viruses, radiation, chemicals, and hereditary factors. Screening tools like mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies can help detect cancers early. Prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco, excessive sun exposure, and certain viruses as well as maintaining a healthy diet. Treatment options involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.
The document provides information about an upcoming webinar on colorectal cancer hosted by Fight Colorectal Cancer. The webinar will feature Dr. Edward Crane discussing various topics related to colorectal cancer including symptoms, risk factors, staging, treatment options and support services available to patients. Participants are encouraged to ask questions during the webinar and will receive a survey to provide feedback on the presentation.
Every year, nearly five million Americans need blood transfusions. An estimated 43,000 pints (or units) of donated blood are used each day in the United States, and one in seven people entering the hospital needs blood. Women are critical to the country’s blood supply, since their role as caregivers sends a message that donating blood is the right thing to do. However, they are also more likely than men to be temporarily restricted from donating because of low hematocrit, or red blood cell levels if they are still menstruating.
The document provides information on oncology nursing, including differences between benign and malignant tumors, predisposing factors and causes of carcinogenesis, grading and staging of cancer, warning signs of cancer, methods of early cancer detection, breast and testicular self-examination techniques, cancer treatment modalities like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic growth factors. It also discusses leukemia, including types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and nursing management focusing on preventing infection and managing common side effects of treatment.
Cancer was likely first discovered between the 15th and 18th centuries, though the exact origins are unknown due to the many types. Some common cancers include prostate, breast, lung, and colon/rectal. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth that can be caused by genetics, environment, or other factors. Signs may include fever, rash, fatigue, or sore throat. Common treatments are radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, though side effects vary. Prevention methods include not smoking, protective clothing, healthy diet, exercise, and cancer screenings. Screenings are especially recommended for those over 40 to detect cancer early before symptoms appear. Famous figures like Nelson Mandela have battled cancer successfully with treatment.
This document summarizes the risk factors and potential signs of 5 common cancers: bowel, breast, cervical, lung, and prostate cancer. It outlines specific risk factors like age, family history, diet, and lifestyle habits. Potential signs are also listed, such as lumps, bleeding, or changes in bowel or urination habits. The document stresses that cancer cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone and medical investigation is needed. It encourages seeing a doctor if any unusual signs or symptoms appear.
The document provides 10 true or false questions about cancer followed by topics for discussion on cancer including comparing normal and cancer cells, differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, and describing standard cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Nursing care for cancer patients is also addressed, covering topics like skin integrity, nutrition, body image, and complications of cancer treatment.
This document provides an overview of cancer and oncology nursing. It defines cancer as uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The nursing process for cancer includes assessment, diagnostic tests, tumor staging and grading, nursing diagnoses, and treatment modalities. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and palliative care to cure, control, or relieve symptoms of cancer. The goal is pain relief and maintaining quality of life for as long as possible.
The document provides an overview of cancer including its causes, risk factors, types, detection, and treatment. It discusses that cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and can be benign or malignant tumors. The top causes of cancer deaths in the US are lung cancer for men and breast cancer for women. Risk factors include smoking, diet, genetics, viruses, chemicals, and radiation exposure. Detection methods include exams, biopsies, and scans. Treatments involve surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. Screening is key to prevention as it allows doctors to detect and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancerous. Colonoscopy is the gold standard screening test as it allows visualization of the entire colon and removal of polyps. People at average risk should get screened beginning at age 50 and every 10 years thereafter. Screening is important as it can detect cancer at early stages and has led to a decline in colorectal cancer deaths in the U.S.
The document discusses spearheading cancer awareness in Kenya. It outlines the mission and vision of Women for Cancer, which aims to raise public awareness of early cancer testing and facilitate early detection and treatment. It notes statistics on various cancers in Kenya and challenges such as late presentation and limited treatment options. It emphasizes focusing cancer awareness efforts on advocacy, empowering communities, and addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors to help prevent cancers.
This document provides information about prostate cancer and Brandon Kilpatrick's efforts to raise awareness and funds for prostate cancer research. In 3 sentences: Brandon found out his father had prostate cancer and wanted to help, so he organized a fundraiser called "Strike Out Cancer" where he raised $334 for Fox Chase Cancer Center by selling wristbands. The document discusses prostate cancer facts, symptoms, stages, treatments, prevention strategies like diet and exercise, and Brandon's motivation to support his father and others impacted by this disease.
This document contains information on various types of cancer including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and causes/risk factors. It provides a list of 36 different cancers along with 2-4 paragraphs on each describing the key details. For example, it outlines that basal cell carcinoma commonly appears as a pearly bump on sun exposed skin and is diagnosed by a dermatologist's examination. Treatment may include surgery, Mohs surgery, or chemotherapy depending on the cancer's characteristics. It also notes several risk factors like sun exposure and fair skin.
The document discusses cancer including what it is, different types like carcinomas and sarcomas, how cancers are named based on their location, the process of normal cell growth becoming uncontrolled cancerous growth, how cancers are detected through screening tests, what can cause cancers like viruses, chemicals, radiation, and heredity, and ways to prevent cancers through behaviors like not smoking, limiting sun exposure, and diet.
The document discusses two types of cancer - throat cancer and ovarian cancer. It provides details on:
1) The causes, symptoms, stages and treatments of throat cancer including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
2) The types, risk factors, stages and treatment approaches for ovarian cancer including surgery to remove tumors followed by chemotherapy and targeted therapies to block blood vessel growth that enable cancer growth.
3) After treatment issues for ovarian cancer patients like early menopause and the importance of exercise and follow up care.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men after skin cancer. The risk increases after age 50 and more than 75% of cases are diagnosed in men over 65. Symptoms may include difficulty urinating or blood in the urine. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, PSA test, and biopsy of the prostate. Treatment depends on the stage and grade of cancer and may include watchful waiting, surgery to remove the prostate, radiation therapy, and hormone or chemotherapy if it has spread. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and educating patients about treatments and self-care.
A brief description on cancer.Cancer – a large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells,Some topics are genesis of cancer,types of cancer,causes of cancer like Heredity,Immunity,Chemical,Physical,Viral Bacterial,Lifestyle.
,sign&symptom:*Change in bowel habits or bladder function,*Sores that do not heal,*Unusual bleeding or discharge,*Thickening or lump in breast or other parts of the body,Indigestion or trouble swallowing,*Recent change in a wart or mole,Nagging cough or hoarseness,
diagnosis and staging,treatment:Surgery,Radiation,Chemotherapy,Immunotherapy,Hormone therapy, Gene therapy,side effect of cancer treatment,prevention of cancer
Breast Cancer in Lebanon: overview and statistical dataNajla El Bizri
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Lebanese women, accounting for over one third of all cancers in females. The age-specific rates are typical of low-risk countries, with a peak incidence around menopause at age 50. Some districts have seen significant increases in breast cancer incidence rates in recent years. Strong risk factors include family history, inherited genetic mutations, and previous breast cancer diagnosis. Moderate risk factors include breast density on mammograms and prior biopsy abnormalities. Other risk factors include reproductive history, hormone exposure, obesity, alcohol use, and other cancers.
CLASSIFICATION
CAUSES
MECHANISUM OF CA SPREAD
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
PALLIATION
CHEMOTHERAPY
RADIATION
SURVEY AND RESEARCH
BY STEPHIN GEORGE THOMAS, MANIPAL HOSPITAL, GOA
This document contains information about Dr. Kanhu Charan Patro, a radiation oncologist based in Visakhapatnam, India. It discusses various cancer-related topics including common myths about cancer, cancer survival rates, what cancer is, cancer statistics, cancer stages, cancer symptoms, causes of cancer like heredity, infection, chemicals, lifestyle factors, cancer prevention, cancer treatment options, side effects of treatment, tobacco and its health effects, and actions individuals can take to prevent cancer.
This document discusses cancer, including different types, causes, detection, diagnosis, and prevention. It provides an overview of cancer development from normal cell growth to uncontrolled growth and potential metastasis. Cancers can be caused by viruses, radiation, chemicals, and hereditary factors. Screening tools like mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies can help detect cancers early. Prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco, excessive sun exposure, and certain viruses as well as maintaining a healthy diet. Treatment options involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.
The document provides information about an upcoming webinar on colorectal cancer hosted by Fight Colorectal Cancer. The webinar will feature Dr. Edward Crane discussing various topics related to colorectal cancer including symptoms, risk factors, staging, treatment options and support services available to patients. Participants are encouraged to ask questions during the webinar and will receive a survey to provide feedback on the presentation.
Every year, nearly five million Americans need blood transfusions. An estimated 43,000 pints (or units) of donated blood are used each day in the United States, and one in seven people entering the hospital needs blood. Women are critical to the country’s blood supply, since their role as caregivers sends a message that donating blood is the right thing to do. However, they are also more likely than men to be temporarily restricted from donating because of low hematocrit, or red blood cell levels if they are still menstruating.
The document provides information on oncology nursing, including differences between benign and malignant tumors, predisposing factors and causes of carcinogenesis, grading and staging of cancer, warning signs of cancer, methods of early cancer detection, breast and testicular self-examination techniques, cancer treatment modalities like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic growth factors. It also discusses leukemia, including types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and nursing management focusing on preventing infection and managing common side effects of treatment.
Cancer was likely first discovered between the 15th and 18th centuries, though the exact origins are unknown due to the many types. Some common cancers include prostate, breast, lung, and colon/rectal. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth that can be caused by genetics, environment, or other factors. Signs may include fever, rash, fatigue, or sore throat. Common treatments are radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, though side effects vary. Prevention methods include not smoking, protective clothing, healthy diet, exercise, and cancer screenings. Screenings are especially recommended for those over 40 to detect cancer early before symptoms appear. Famous figures like Nelson Mandela have battled cancer successfully with treatment.
This document summarizes the risk factors and potential signs of 5 common cancers: bowel, breast, cervical, lung, and prostate cancer. It outlines specific risk factors like age, family history, diet, and lifestyle habits. Potential signs are also listed, such as lumps, bleeding, or changes in bowel or urination habits. The document stresses that cancer cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone and medical investigation is needed. It encourages seeing a doctor if any unusual signs or symptoms appear.
The document provides 10 true or false questions about cancer followed by topics for discussion on cancer including comparing normal and cancer cells, differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, and describing standard cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Nursing care for cancer patients is also addressed, covering topics like skin integrity, nutrition, body image, and complications of cancer treatment.
This document provides an overview of cancer and oncology nursing. It defines cancer as uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The nursing process for cancer includes assessment, diagnostic tests, tumor staging and grading, nursing diagnoses, and treatment modalities. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and palliative care to cure, control, or relieve symptoms of cancer. The goal is pain relief and maintaining quality of life for as long as possible.
The document provides an overview of cancer including its causes, risk factors, types, detection, and treatment. It discusses that cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and can be benign or malignant tumors. The top causes of cancer deaths in the US are lung cancer for men and breast cancer for women. Risk factors include smoking, diet, genetics, viruses, chemicals, and radiation exposure. Detection methods include exams, biopsies, and scans. Treatments involve surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. Screening is key to prevention as it allows doctors to detect and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancerous. Colonoscopy is the gold standard screening test as it allows visualization of the entire colon and removal of polyps. People at average risk should get screened beginning at age 50 and every 10 years thereafter. Screening is important as it can detect cancer at early stages and has led to a decline in colorectal cancer deaths in the U.S.
The document discusses spearheading cancer awareness in Kenya. It outlines the mission and vision of Women for Cancer, which aims to raise public awareness of early cancer testing and facilitate early detection and treatment. It notes statistics on various cancers in Kenya and challenges such as late presentation and limited treatment options. It emphasizes focusing cancer awareness efforts on advocacy, empowering communities, and addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors to help prevent cancers.
This document provides information about prostate cancer and Brandon Kilpatrick's efforts to raise awareness and funds for prostate cancer research. In 3 sentences: Brandon found out his father had prostate cancer and wanted to help, so he organized a fundraiser called "Strike Out Cancer" where he raised $334 for Fox Chase Cancer Center by selling wristbands. The document discusses prostate cancer facts, symptoms, stages, treatments, prevention strategies like diet and exercise, and Brandon's motivation to support his father and others impacted by this disease.
This document contains information on various types of cancer including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and causes/risk factors. It provides a list of 36 different cancers along with 2-4 paragraphs on each describing the key details. For example, it outlines that basal cell carcinoma commonly appears as a pearly bump on sun exposed skin and is diagnosed by a dermatologist's examination. Treatment may include surgery, Mohs surgery, or chemotherapy depending on the cancer's characteristics. It also notes several risk factors like sun exposure and fair skin.
The document discusses cancer including what it is, different types like carcinomas and sarcomas, how cancers are named based on their location, the process of normal cell growth becoming uncontrolled cancerous growth, how cancers are detected through screening tests, what can cause cancers like viruses, chemicals, radiation, and heredity, and ways to prevent cancers through behaviors like not smoking, limiting sun exposure, and diet.
The document discusses two types of cancer - throat cancer and ovarian cancer. It provides details on:
1) The causes, symptoms, stages and treatments of throat cancer including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
2) The types, risk factors, stages and treatment approaches for ovarian cancer including surgery to remove tumors followed by chemotherapy and targeted therapies to block blood vessel growth that enable cancer growth.
3) After treatment issues for ovarian cancer patients like early menopause and the importance of exercise and follow up care.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men after skin cancer. The risk increases after age 50 and more than 75% of cases are diagnosed in men over 65. Symptoms may include difficulty urinating or blood in the urine. Diagnosis involves a physical exam, PSA test, and biopsy of the prostate. Treatment depends on the stage and grade of cancer and may include watchful waiting, surgery to remove the prostate, radiation therapy, and hormone or chemotherapy if it has spread. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and educating patients about treatments and self-care.
A brief description on cancer.Cancer – a large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells,Some topics are genesis of cancer,types of cancer,causes of cancer like Heredity,Immunity,Chemical,Physical,Viral Bacterial,Lifestyle.
,sign&symptom:*Change in bowel habits or bladder function,*Sores that do not heal,*Unusual bleeding or discharge,*Thickening or lump in breast or other parts of the body,Indigestion or trouble swallowing,*Recent change in a wart or mole,Nagging cough or hoarseness,
diagnosis and staging,treatment:Surgery,Radiation,Chemotherapy,Immunotherapy,Hormone therapy, Gene therapy,side effect of cancer treatment,prevention of cancer
Breast Cancer in Lebanon: overview and statistical dataNajla El Bizri
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Lebanese women, accounting for over one third of all cancers in females. The age-specific rates are typical of low-risk countries, with a peak incidence around menopause at age 50. Some districts have seen significant increases in breast cancer incidence rates in recent years. Strong risk factors include family history, inherited genetic mutations, and previous breast cancer diagnosis. Moderate risk factors include breast density on mammograms and prior biopsy abnormalities. Other risk factors include reproductive history, hormone exposure, obesity, alcohol use, and other cancers.
CLASSIFICATION
CAUSES
MECHANISUM OF CA SPREAD
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
PALLIATION
CHEMOTHERAPY
RADIATION
SURVEY AND RESEARCH
BY STEPHIN GEORGE THOMAS, MANIPAL HOSPITAL, GOA
Cervical and ovarian cancer are two common gynecological cancers in women. Cervical cancer develops slowly over time from precancerous dysplasia detected by Pap smears. The main cause is HPV infection. Ovarian cancer risk is highest in postmenopausal women over 65 and strong risk factors include family history and nulliparity. The most common types are epithelial tumors like serous and mucinous carcinomas. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions can prevent cervical cancer, while identifying and avoiding risk factors may help reduce ovarian cancer incidence.
At our October webinar we spent time reviewing the importance of family history. In this webinar, we will discuss genetic and familial syndromes that are specific to colorectal cancer. We will discuss what you might look for in your family history and think about implications for prevention and management of the colorectal cancer syndromes based on this information!
About our Speakers:
Lisa Ku, MS, CGC | Certified Genetic Counselor at the University of Colorado.
Lisen Axell, MS, CGC | Certified Genetic Counselor at the University of Colorado.
Unit 18 (A); Paediatric Oncologyppt.pptxRashidUllah7
This document discusses cancer terminology, types, causes, symptoms, and medical management. It focuses on defining cancer and describing the etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms. It discusses diagnostic tests and the medical and nursing approaches to treating patients with cancer, with specifics on breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Key points covered include the classification and naming of cancers based on origin, the differences between benign and malignant tumors, genetics and environmental factors that can cause cancer, and common nursing diagnoses and interventions for cancer patients.
Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth and can affect any part of the body. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The four most common cancers are lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colon cancer. Cancer is diagnosed through screening tests, biopsies, and medical imaging and can be treated through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and other methods. Risk factors include tobacco use, diet, viruses, genetics, and environmental exposures. Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding obesity.
Colorectal Screening: Your Best Protection Against Colorectal CancerSummit Health
Summit Medical Group gastroenterologist John M. Dalena, MD, discusses the benefits and risks of the procedure as well as when and how often you should be screened.
This document provides an overview of breast cancer including what it is, causes and risks, symptoms, epidemiology, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, early detection methods, treatments, and a checklist for screening. It discusses that breast cancer primarily affects women and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. It also summarizes the stages of breast cancer from 0 to IV, treatments including radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, and hormonal therapy, and vaccines that are being researched.
This document provides information on breast cancer screening and prevention. It discusses screening principles and guidelines for mammography, MRI, ultrasound and other screening techniques. It outlines high-risk factors for breast cancer and recommends annual screening starting at age 30-40 for high-risk individuals, including those with BRCA gene mutations or family history. Screening mammography every 1-2 years is recommended for average risk women starting at age 40. Chemoprevention with tamoxifen or raloxifene can lower breast cancer risk in high risk postmenopausal women. Genetic testing guidelines are also provided.
1) The document provides statistics on cancer incidence and mortality worldwide, with lung, breast, and colon cancers among the most common and deadliest.
2) It discusses breast and cervical cancer risks, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and rehabilitation.
3) The text aims to dispel myths about breast cancer and lists established risk factors like age, family history, genetic factors, reproductive history, and breast density. Early detection through screening and lifestyle changes can help prevent cancer.
This document summarizes thyroid tumors and thyroid cancer. It discusses the different types of thyroid cancer including papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid cancer. It describes the anatomy of the thyroid gland and risk factors for thyroid cancer like female sex and radiation exposure. Signs and symptoms, as well as tests used to diagnose thyroid cancer are outlined, including ultrasound, radioiodine scan, chest x-ray, MRI, and biopsy. The most common type of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid cancer. Ultrasound and biopsy are important tests to determine if a thyroid nodule is cancerous.
The document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation on pancreatic cancer. It discusses how to actively engage students by starting with blank slides to elicit their existing knowledge on topics before presenting additional information on subsequent slides. The presentation covers learning objectives, relevant anatomy, risk factors, pathology, clinical features including symptoms and investigations, staging, differential diagnosis, and management approaches for pancreatic cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) as an active learning tool. Some key points:
- Blank slides are included between content slides to allow time for student discussion of what they already know about each topic.
- The presenter should first show a blank slide, ask students for their input, then show the next slide with content.
- This process of blank slide + discussion, then content slide, is repeated for each topic and can be done through multiple revisions for deeper learning.
- It can be used for self-study by displaying a blank slide, thinking about what you know, then reading the next content slide.
Ovarian cancer forms from abnormal cell growth in the ovaries. Most cases are epithelial cell tumors. Symptoms include abdominal bloating and pain. Risk factors include age, family history, and fertility treatments. It is typically diagnosed through imaging, blood tests, and surgery. Treatment involves surgery to remove the ovaries and chemotherapy. The cancer's stage helps determine prognosis, with stage I being early and stage IV being advanced disease outside the abdomen. Recurrent or metastatic ovarian cancer cannot usually be cured but can be controlled.
This document provides information about breast cancer including what it is, risk factors, screening tools and recommendations, types of treatment, and myths. Some key points:
- Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from breast tissues, usually the milk ducts or lobules.
- Risk factors include age, gender, family history, genetic factors, reproductive history, and lifestyle.
- Screening tools include breast self-exams, clinical exams, mammography, and ultrasound. Mammography is recommended annually starting at age 40.
- Early detection through screening can help prevent death and suffering by finding cancer early when it may be easier to treat.
Dr. Lalit Banswal offers best treatment with comprehensive care for all types of Genito Urinary Cancer. He is the best Genito-Urinary Cancer Specialist in Pune. To know more about the cancer & it's treatment consult Dr. Lalit Banswal now!!!
Gestational trophoblastic disease includes complete and partial hydatidiform moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumors, with molar pregnancies requiring surgical evacuation and strict follow up of beta HCG levels to monitor for malignant transformation into gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Risk factors include extremes of maternal age, previous molar pregnancies, and ethnicity, while presentation is typically irregular bleeding and an enlarged uterus out of proportion to gestational age.
The document provides an overview of renal and gastrointestinal systems. It describes the kidney's role in filtering blood and regulating homeostasis. The nephron is identified as the kidney's functional unit where filtration occurs. Other kidney functions include hormone release. The gastrointestinal system digests and processes food through mechanical movement, enzymes, acid and hormones. Specific sections of the GI tract are described including the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Three case studies are presented and diagnoses of kidney stones, peptic ulcer, and diverticulitis are provided based on presented findings and symptoms.
- A woman received a call from her ob/gyn informing her that her recent pap smear showed abnormal results. She should be concerned but not panic, as an abnormal pap smear requires follow up testing but does not necessarily mean she has cancer.
- A pap smear is a test to examine the condition of cervical cells. It screens for potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix.
- Guidelines recommend women get an initial pap smear at age 21 and then pap smears every 3 years until age 30. Between ages 30-65, pap smears are recommended every 5 years if prior results have been normal.
The document discusses various drugs including cocaine, opiates, and marijuana. It provides information on their mechanisms of action in the brain and possible signs and symptoms of use. It also describes a case study of a 33-year-old man found unconscious who was given dextrose and naloxone by paramedics and showed improved vital signs at the hospital. Based on his symptoms, it is suspected he had used cocaine or opiates. The document discusses how these drugs act on the brain's reward pathway similarly to stimulate dopamine and cause addiction.
The document discusses the phases of the menstrual cycle and various contraceptive options, including behavioral methods, barrier methods, hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and sterilization. It describes the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and explains when during the cycle a woman is most fertile. The document provides details on how each contraceptive option works and its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US and has several major risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking. Some signs of a heart attack include chest pain and shortness of breath.
Vital signs include blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, BMI, and body temperature. Blood pressure is measured by the force of blood in the arteries and is written with the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, while hypertension is 140/90 mmHg or higher. Heart rate is the number of heart beats per minute and can be measured at different pulse points. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute and is normally between 12-20 breaths per minute. BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and normal BMI is between 18.5-24.9. Body temperature is normally around 98-100°F, with
The document discusses nutrition, exercise, and a case study of a 16-year-old boy who has gained significant weight over the past year. It provides information on nutrients, recommended daily intake of foods, and emphasizes the importance of balance between nutrition and energy expenditure to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The boy is diagnosed as overweight due to decreased physical activity and increased calorie intake, and the doctor recommends increasing exercise and monitoring diet.
This document discusses influenza, pneumonia, and vaccines. It provides information on the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of influenza and pneumonia. It explains that influenza is caused by a virus and spreads through coughing or touching infected surfaces. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and is treated with antibiotics. The document recommends annual flu vaccines for those over 65 or with medical conditions and a pneumonia vaccine for those over 65 to prevent infection.
This document provides an overview of diabetes and a case study example. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding the role of the endocrine system in regulating blood glucose and distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. It then discusses a case study of a 14-year-old male brought to the emergency room unconscious who is found to have low vital signs. Laboratory results for the patient show extremely high blood glucose, low pH, and urine ketones, indicating diabetic ketoacidosis from not taking his insulin. The patient recovers after treatment with insulin and fluids.
2. Objectives
• Gain a basic understanding of the normal cell
cycle and how cancer develops
• Appreciate the variations in cancer rates
amongst the different ethnicities and between
genders
• Understand the risk factors and symptoms of
common cancers, including lung, colon, skin,
breast, and prostate cancers
• Apply knowledge to a case study
3. Introduction
Mitosis
• Cancer is the
uncontrolled spread and
growth of abnormal cells
in the body.
• Normal cells know when
to multiply or die, but
cancer cells do not.
4. Not all tumors are
cancer!
• Benign tumors: Abnormal growth of cells that
form a mass
• Do not typically metastasize (spread) or recur
after being removed
• Can still cause problems by compressing nerves
or blood vessels.
• Malignant=Cancer!
5. Case Study – Part 1a
• A 46-year-old overweight Caucasian woman
comes into the doctor’s office for a
mammogram. She is nervous because one
week ago, while showering, she felt a mass in
her left breast and a “lump” in her left axilla
(armpit).
• Besides the palpable masses, what other parts
of this woman’s history are relevant?
• What additional questions would you want to
ask?
6. Case Study – Part 1b
• Besides the palpable masses, what other parts
of this woman’s history are relevant?
• 46 years old – increasing age is a risk factor
• Caucasian – higher rates of breast cancer in
Caucasian women
• Overweight – increasing weight is a risk factor
• What additional questions would you want to
ask?
• Past history?
• Family history?
• Diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol habits?
7. Case Study – Part 1c
• The woman states that she has no previous
history of benign breast tumors, but her mother
was diagnosed with breast cancer at 48 and
successfully treated. Her diet is heavy in fatty
foods and she rarely exercises. She denies
smoking and consumes 1-3 alcoholic drinks a
week.
9. Demographics
Race/Ethnicity New Cases (per 100,000) New Cases (per 100,000)
Male Female
All Races 541.8 412.3
White 542.7 423.1
Black 627.1 398.3
Asian/Pacific Islander 342.6 299.4
American Indian/Alaska 352.7 313.8
Native
Hispanic 402.0 324.1
Rates are based on cases diagnosed in 2005-2009 from the National Cancer
Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)
10. Gender-Male
Type Risk of Risk of Dying
Developing From
Percent (%) 1 in Percent (%) 1 in
All invasive sites 44.29 2 23.20 4
Prostate 16.22 6 2.79 36
Lung and bronchus 7.67 13 6.95 14
Bladder (includes in situ) 3.80 26 0.85 118
Melanoma of the skin 2.36 42 0.40 250
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2.30 43 0.88 114
Kidney and renal pelvis 1.88 53 0.60 167
Leukemia 1.52 66 1.00 100
Liver and bile duct 1.06 94 0.77 130
11. Gender-Female
Type Risk of Risk of Dying
Developing From
Percent (%) 1 in Percent (%) 1 in
All invasive sites 37.76 3 19.58 5
Breast 12.15 8 2.81 36
Lung and bronchus 6.35 16 5.05 20
Colon and rectum 4.97 20 2.01 50
Uterine corpus 2.58 39 0.53 189
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1.92 52 0.73 137
Melanoma of the skin 1.56 64 0.21 476
Pancreas 1.41 71 1.26 79
Thyroid 1.34 75 0.07 1,429
12. Cancer Symptoms
• Sometimes there may be no symptoms at all, or
symptoms at very late stages
• Common symptoms include: unexplained
weight loss, fatigue, fever, pain, skin changes
• Screening by a doctor is the best way to detect
cancer early
13. Lung Cancer – Risk
Factors
• Cigarette Smoking:
• About 90% of lung cancers arise through cigarette
smoking.
• Risk depends on how long a person has smoked,
the amount of cigarettes smoked, and the age at
which smoking began
• Other Risk Factors: second hand smoke, air
pollution, asbestos, chronic lung diseases
(Tuberculosis, COPD), radon exposure
• Radon is a by-product of radium, present in indoor
and outdoor air.
• About 12% of lung cancer deaths are attributed to
radon
14. Lung Cancer –
Symptoms
• Coughing
• Coughing up blood
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Wheezing
• Pain in the chest, shoulder,
upper back, or arm
• Repeated pneumonia or
bronchitis
• Loss of appetite and
weight loss
• General pain http://cancertypes.tk/wp-
content/uploads/2011/01/Lung_Cancer3.jpg
• Hoarseness
• Swelling of face or neck
• Pleural effusion
15. Colon Cancer – Risk
Factors
• Most develop as colorectal polyps that later become
cancerous
• Genetic: if a family member has had colon cancer,
the risk is significantly higher
• Cigarette smoking
• Diet: High fat, low calcium, folate, and fiber increase
risk
• Diets low in fruits and vegetables may also increase
risk
• Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
16. Colon Cancer –
Symptoms
• Change in bowel habits,
including diarrhea,
constipation or a change in
the consistency of stool for
greater than 2 weeks
• Rectal bleeding or blood in
stool
• Persistent abdominal
discomfort (cramps, gas,
pain)
• A feeling that your bowel
doesn't empty completely http://trialx.com/curetalk/wp-
content/blogs.dir/7/files/2011/05/diseases/Colon_Cance
r-3.jpg
• Weakness or fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
17. Skin Cancer – Risk
Factors
• UV Rays
• UVB rays cause a much greater risk than UVA
• UVA rays increase the damaging effects of UVB
• As elevation increases, UV light gets stronger
• Heredity: family history
• People with fair skin and a northern European heritage appear
to be most susceptible
• Multiple or atypical moles
• Exposure to coal and arsenic compounds
• Repeated exposure to x-rays
• Scars from disease and burns
18. Skin Cancer –
Symptoms
• Any change on the skin, especially in the size or
color of a mole or other darkly pigmented
growth or spot, or a new growth
• Scaliness, oozing, bleeding, or change in the
appearance of a bump or nodule
• The spread of pigmentation beyond its border
• Ex. dark coloring that spreads past the edge of a
mole or mark
• A change in sensation, itchiness, tenderness, or
pain
19. Skin Cancer - ABCDE
• ABCDE is a mnemonic that can help differentiate between
benign moles and moles that should be examined by a
physician.
• A – asymmetry
• B – border (blurry or jagged border)
• C – color (more than one hue)
• D – diameter (larger than a pencil eraser)
• E – elevation (raised above the surface of the skin)
• If a mole has any of these characteristics, have it examined by
a physician.
20. Case Study – Part 2a
• A density (next slide) in the left breast was seen
on the mammogram and the doctor ordered an
ultrasound. The ultrasound (next slide) revealed
the size of the breast mass to be 15 x 14 x 15
mm and the axillary mass to be 35 x 29 x 14
mm. The doctor referred the woman to a
surgeon who biopsied both masses. He also
ordered a chest X-ray and a bone scan.
• Why were a chest X-ray and bone scan
ordered?
22. Case Study – Part 2c
• Why were a chest X-ray and bone scan ordered?
• The doctor ordered these scans to ensure that no other tumors
existed in the patient.
• An MRI confirmed the malignancy in the left breast and
enlarged lymph node. It also showed no satellite lesions and a
normal right breast. The surgeon referred the patient to a
medical oncologist and a radiotherapist and the plan is for her
to undergo neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgery,
and then radiation therapy.
• What is neo-adjuvant chemotherapy?
23. Breast Cancer – Risk
Factors
• Gender and Race
• Caucasian women are
more likely to develop
breast cancer than Age Risk to
African-American develop in
women next 10 years
• Age 30 1 in 280
40 1 in 70
• Genetics
50 1 in 40
• 5-10% of breast cancer
are hereditary 60 1 in 30
• BRCA1/BRCA2 are
abnormal genes that, if
inherited, increase the
lifetime risk 40-85%
24. Breast Cancer – Risk
Factors
• Hormones
• Early onset of menstruation (11 years or younger) or late
menopause (55 years or older) have slightly increased
risk
• Lifestyle and diet
• High dietary intake of fat
• Being overweight or obese
• Alcohol
• Regular exercise may decrease the risk
• Benign breast disease
• Predispose to later development of breast cancer
• Environmental
• Radiation treatment increases risk much later on
25. Breast Cancer –
Symptoms
• Breast lump or lump in the
armpit that is hard, has
uneven edges, and usually
does not hurt
• Change in the size, shape, or
feel of the breast or nipple
• Fluid coming from the nipple
• Bone pain
• Breast pain or discomfort
• Skin ulcers
• Swelling of one arm (next to
the breast with cancer)
• Weight loss
26. Prostate Cancer –
Risk Factors
• Not completely known
• Age
• 1 in 100,000 for men
aged 40, 1,146 in
100,000 for men age
85
• Race: African American
men 1.6x more likely
than Caucasian to be
diagnosed and 2.4x more
likely to die from it
• Asian-Americans
have much lower
chance
27. Prostate Cancer – Risk
Factors
• Genetic
• Men with a family history, especially a 1st degree relative (ex.
Father or brother) are at an increased risk
• Risk may be 2-3x greater than those without family history
• Infection
• Recent evidence suggests role of sexually transmitted
diseases as a causative factor
• People who have had STIs have a 1.4x greater chance of
developing prostate cancer than the rest of the population
• Diet
• High fat
• Obesity may lead to more aggressive cancer, giving poorer
outcomes after treatment
• Chemical agents
• Ex. Cadmium
28. Prostate Cancer –
Symptoms
• Trouble urinating
• Decreased force in the stream of urine
• Blood in the urine
• Blood in the semen
• Swelling in the legs
• Discomfort in the pelvic area
• Bone pain
29. Case Study – Part 3a
• What is neo-adjuvant chemotherapy?
• Neo-adjuvant therapies are treatments given prior to the
main treatment. Oftentimes, the neo-adjuvant therapy aims
to shrink or reduce the size of the tumor before surgery is
performed.
• After tolerating her treatment and showing a dramatic
clinical response, the patient underwent a mastectomy
and sentinel lymph node biopsy 6 months after her
initial presentation.
• What is a sentinel lymph node biopsy?
30. Case Study – Part 3b
• What is a sentinel lymph node biopsy?
• Because tissues drain much of their fluid into the
lymphatic system, cancer cells that have spread can
often be found in the lymph nodes. This can warn
doctors of spreading cancer cells.
• The pathology examination found no residual
carcinoma in either the breast or lymph nodes. The
patient plans to undergo breast reconstruction after
completing her radiation therapy. She has tolerated
her treatments with minimal side effects and no
complications.
31. Early Detection
• Early detection is the best way to catch cancer and
to give the best possible outcome after treatment
• For example, self-breast exams for women age 20
and above with mammograms beginning at age 40
• PSA blood tests for men and digital rectal
examinations to detect prostate cancer beginning at
age 50
• CDC currently recommends against using the PSA
screening test for men who do not show symptoms
• Be aware of your body!
• Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation,
surgery and other medications