The document discusses cancer awareness in India. Cancer is a major cause of death in India, responsible for about 6.8 lakh deaths annually. Several factors are contributing to higher rates of cancer in India, including increasing life expectancy, adoption of Western lifestyles, and lack of early detection and treatment services. National Cancer Awareness Day is observed on November 7th to raise awareness about cancer prevention through healthy lifestyle choices and the importance of early detection and treatment.

1. NATIONAL CANCER AWARENESS DAY
7TH NOVEMBER 2014

2. •Cancer is currently the cause of 12% of all
deaths
•It is increasing
•Potential causes:
• Increasing elderly population
•Decrease in deaths from communicable
diseases
• Increasing incidence in certain cancers like
lung cancer, breast cancer

3. Impact of cancer
Diagnosis of cancer is perceived by many as
“Life- threatening”
1/3 rd face anxiety and depression
Family’s daily functioning is affected
Loss of income/ expenses

4. National Cancer Control Program (NCCP)
•Initiated in 1984
•Four major goals
•Primary prevention of tobacco related cancers
•Early detection of cancers of accessible sites
•Augmentation of treatment facilities
•Establishment of palliative care network

5. 4th February is observed as
World Cancer awareness day
7th November is observed as
National Cancer Awareness Day

6. T
• Worked in both Physics and Chemistry
• Conducted pioneering research on
theory of radioactivity (a term that
she coined),
• Techniques for isolating radioactive
isotopes,
• The discovery of two elements,
polonium and radium
• Curie died in 1934 at the sanatorium
of Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie),
France, due to aplastic anemia
brought on by exposure to radiation
.

7. • First woman to win the
Nobel Prize
• First person and the
only woman to win it
twice in
• Different sciences
•Part of Curie family
legacy of 5 Nobel
prizes
•1903 – Shared the
Nobel prize with
Pierre Curie and
Henri Becquerel
for Physics
•1911 – Won the Nobel
prize in Chemistry
•1936 - Irene & Joliet
won the Nobel prize in
Chemistry

8. •Under her direction the world's first studies were
conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using
radioactive isotopes.
•She also defined an international standard for
radioactive emissions that was eventually named for
her and Pierre: the “curie”
•She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in
Warsaw, which remain major centers of medical
research today.

9. World War I
Curie in a mobile X-ray
vehicle
• During World War I, Curie saw a need for field
radiological centers near the front lines to assist
doctors in the battlefield
• She developed mobile radiography units, which
came to be popularly known as “Petites Curies”
("Little Curies").
• She became the director of the Red Cross
Radiology Service and set up France's first
military radiology center, operational by late
1914
• Curie directed the installation of 20 mobile
radiological vehicles and another 200
radiological units at field hospitals in the first
year of the war

10. GLOBAL PROBLEM OF CANCER
Incidence Mortality
Total Cancer 12 Million 7.6 Million
Developed
Countries
5.4 Million 2.9 Million
Developing
Countries
6.7 Million 4.7 Million

11. CANCER SCENARIO IN INDIA
• There are 2-2.5 million cases of Cancer Prevalent in
India at any point in time.
• 9-10 lac cancers are detected each year in India.
• Cancer is the cause of death annually in about 6.8 lacs.
• Cancers are the 2nd leading cause of death in India.
• This is likely to double by 2015 and triple by 2030.

12. More than 2/3rd (70%) cancer burden
is related to life style factors, hence
preventable.
More than 1/3rd cancers (2 out of every 5)
are tobacco related and
others due to faulty diet habits and social
habits.

13. The unhealthy life style that increases risk of
cancers is
• Tobacco consumption (cigarette smoking, Hukka smoking,
chewing tobacco etc.)
• Increased consumption of animal fats & oils,
• Refined foods, spicy and hot foods, hot boiling tea,
• Sundried vegetables and smoked fish,
• Sedentary life style, obesity,
• Alcohol consumption, or
• Un-necessary exposure to X-ray or toxic chemicals and
• Some specific infections (Hepatitis-B, Human papilloma virus).

14. 5 most frequent cancers
Male Female Both sexes
Oral cavity Breast Breast
Lung Cervix uteri Cervix uteri
Stomach Colorectum Oral cavity
Colorectum Ovary Lung
Other pharynx Lip, oral cavity Colorectum

15. COMMON CANCERS : GLOBAL
* Related to Infection
All the three common cancers above ( both developed & developing) are also
leading causes of cancer death.
15 % of all cancers – infection related ( 3 times more in developing countries)

16. GLOBOCAN - 2012

17. Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates : MEN(Adults)

18. MEN- Adults
(source : IARC-GLOBOCAN-2012)

20. (source : GLOBOCAN-2012)

21. Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates: Women(Adults)

25. Estimated Age-Standardized Incidence and Mortality Rates: (Both sexes)

29. Summary statistics (2012)-INDIA
Male Female Both sexes
Population (thousands) 649474 608876 1258350
Number of new cancer cases (thousands) 477.5 537.5 1014.9
Age-Standardized Rate (W) 92.4 97.4 94.0
Number of cancer deaths (thousands) 356.7 326.1 682.8
Age-standardized rate (W) 69.7 60.2 64.5
Risk of getting cancer before age 75 (%) 10.2 10.1 10.1
Risk of dying from cancer [before age 75 (%)] 7.8 6.5 7.1

30. Factors believed to be the
causes of cancer
Tobacco
Infection
Diet and exercise
Radiation
Heredity
Chemicals
Physical agents
Trauma and inflammation
Hormones
Unknown causes

31. CANCER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
INCREASING
 Deaths from infectious diseases
 Childhood mortality
 Longevity
 Adoption of Western Life style
– Cigarette Smoking
– Higher consumption of saturated fat
– Consumption of Calorie dense foods
– Physical activity
Survival rates poorer in developing countries
(lack of availability of early detection and treatment services)

32. TREND
• Cancer of Breast is showing significantly rising trend among
urban women and Cervical cancer incidence is gradually
declining
• Tobacco Related Cancers
Constitute half of all cancers in males and one-third
in females, i.e. Overall about 35-40 percent of cancers
are related to the use of tobacco
• Over 75 percent of the cases report for diagnostic and
treatment services in advanced stages of the disease
resulting in poor survival and high mortality rates

33. AGE – ADJUSTED INCIDENCE RATES OF
CANCER PER 100,000: 2010
Registry Males Females
Bangalore 95.2 120.2
Bhopal 93.5 95.4
Chennai 109.4 119.0
Delhi 119.7 114.7
Mumbai 96.6 104.6
Barshi* 45.3 59.9
* Rural based cancer Registry

34. CANCER PREVENTION
2/3 of all cancers may be prevented by
•Avoiding tobacco
•Avoiding/limiting alcohol Consumption
• Eating adequate fruits and vegetables daily
• Choosing healthy food
• Eating a low fat diet
• Regular exercising
• Maintaining healthy weight throughout life
• Knowing family history of cancer
• Limiting exposure sun/radiation

36. Screening for cancer
• Early detection provides the best opportunity for successful
treatment
• Reliable screening tests are available for certain cancers
Ex: Cervix – PAP smear
Breast – Mammography, BSE
• Screening for oral cavity premalignant lesions/cancer
• Screening for Prostate cancer
• HPV vaccine (Bivalent/Quadrivalent)
• Treat/Eradicate H.pylori infection

37. Healthy life choices Early Detection Treatment for ALL Quality of Life
IT’S NOT BEYOND US