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![References
• IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part
A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D.
Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S.
MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-32.
• Warren, F.J. and Lemmen, D.S., editors (2014): Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts
and Adaptation; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, 286p.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/canadaandclimatechange-150520151820-lva1-app6891/85/Canada-and-climate-change-26-320.jpg)
Canada and climate change
- 1. Canada and ClimateChange Expectations for the Future Turn Down the Heat – Final Project
- 2. Climate Change • Humansare warming the climate • Regardless of if we stopped now, some temperature change is already inevitable (IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers) Business as usual Aggressive greenhouse gas mitigation
- 3. Climate Change • Oftenwe hear about impacts in other parts of the world • But what about here in Canada? (IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers) Business as usual Aggressive greenhouse gas mitigation
- 4. Changes - Temperatureincrease • Seasonal temperature warming • More extremely hot days and nights • Fewer unusually cold days and nights • Longer, more frequent and intense heat waves Aggressive emissions reduction Business as usual (IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers)
- 5. Changes - Temperatureincrease • Seasonal temperature warming • More extremely hot days and nights • Fewer unusually cold days and nights • Longer, more frequent and intense heat waves Aggressive emissions reduction Business as usual (IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers)
- 6. Changes - Percipitationincrease • Increases in percipitation • More frequent heavy percipitation • More snow accumulation in winter Aggressive emissions reduction Business as usual (IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers)
- 7. Changes - Percipitationincrease • Increases in percipitation • More frequent heavy percipitation • More snow accumulation in winter Aggressive emissions reduction Business as usual (IPCC, 2014: Summary for Policymakers)
- 8. Changes – Snow,Ice, Permafrost • Increases in snow depth with more percipitation • But snow cover duration will decrease • Ice free Arctic summer could happen by mid- century • Lake ice duration may decrease by up to a month by mid-century • Permafrost is warming, though the coldest permafrost could still last for centuries ▫ For more about permafrost, check out an interview with Prof. Antoni Lewkowicz, expert in permafrost science ▫ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmTfqLOmNXc
- 9. Changes – Oceansand Sea Level • Sea Level ▫ Global rise in sea level (may be over 1 m by the end of the next century) ▫ Due to land uplift along Canadian coastlines relative sea rise also depends on location • Hypoxia ▫ Less desolved oxygen in water • Increased acidity ▫ Ocean water is becoming “corrosive” to some species and desolving their shells/skeletons
- 10. Effects - Extremeweather events • Extreme weather events and the damage they cause are likely to occur with increasing frequency
- 11. Effects - Extremeweather events • Extreme weather events and the damage they cause are likely to occur with increasing frequency • What kind of damage can we expect?
- 12. Effects - Extremeweather events • Extreme weather events and the damage they cause are likely to occur with increasing frequency • What kind of damage can we expect? ▫ Let’s look at the past to predict the future...
- 13. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding Example losses from extreme weather in the last 15 years
- 14. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding 2006 Storm $133 M 2011 Windstorm $200M 2010 Hailstorm $500M 2004 HailStorm $166 M 2009 Windstorm $350 M 2009 Hailstorm $30 M 2013 Storm $850 M 2010 Thunderstorm $120M 2010 Winter storm s $51 M
- 15. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding 2003 Wildfire $200M 2011 Wildire $700 M
- 16. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding 2011 Tornado $110M
- 17. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding 2011 Hurricane $130M 2003 Hurricane $132M 2010 Hurricane $70M
- 18. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding 2013 Flooding $1700M 2005 Flooding $300M 2005 Flooding $60M
- 19. Effects - Extremeweather events (adapted from Warren & Lemmen, 2014) Storm (including snow) Wildfire Tornado Hurricane Flooding These types of losses are expected to become more frequent with increasing climate change.
- 20. Effects - Biodiversity •Already being affected ▫ e.g. Mortality rate increase in sockeye salmon due to river temperature increase • Many species already moving location due to climate changes ▫ But some can’t adapt or have no where to go
- 21. Effects - Agriculture •Canada may get an increase in growing season and have increased production • But we will also have increased pests • And damage from extreme weather events ▫ E.g. Early warming in 2012 followed by frost caused 80% reduction in apple blossoms in Ontario for $100M in damage • And many places we import food from will be adversely affected by this global problem
- 22. Effects – HumanHealth • Expect increase in diseases carried by pests ▫ E.g. lyme disease • Air pollution issues exacerbated • Increased heat wave deaths • Allergy season length increasing
- 23. Adaptation • There aremany adaptations that will be necessary in the coming years due to climate change • Some examples: ▫ Northern infrastructure must be prepared for melting permafrost ▫ Communities must prepare responses to heat waves to prevent negative health impacts ▫ Health tools for dealing with increases in climate related diseases must be developed for communities ▫ Protecting habitat zones for moving aminal species ▫ Moving vulnerable coastal roads inland
- 24. Mitigation • What aboutprevention? • While some climate change is inevitable, there are multiple end results if we act now • Canada is a high greenhouse gas emitter per capita – something we can act on • Federally, not a lot has been done • On provincial and municiple levels, however, we can still move forward ▫ E.g. British Columbia’s revenue neutral carbon tax is being looked on as an example globally and has proven effective in reducing emissions
- 25. Other links ofinterest • http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/ • http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/ • http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate- change/13083 • http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/environment/impacts- adaptation/10761 • http://www.fin.gov.bc.ca/tbs/tp/climate/carbon _tax.htm
- 26. References • IPCC, 2014:Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-32. • Warren, F.J. and Lemmen, D.S., editors (2014): Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, 286p.
- 27. Additional Image Credits •USFWS, Three polar bears on the Beaufort Sea coast, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 2005 available at http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/ • Page 5 of U.S. Government Printing Office Pamphlet 1996-792-501: Lake Washington Ship Canal Fish Ladder - Drawing of male freshwater phase Sockeye (red) salmon available at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lake_Washington_Ship_Canal_Fish_Ladder_pamphlet_- _male_freshwater_phase_Sockeye.jpg