CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - POPULATION SUSTAINABILITY. Concept, census, relevance, ageing population, urban population, concentration, New Zealand Internal Migration trends, multicultural population, sustained economic growth, sustainability on a global scale.
This PPT focuses on topic of human migration, Internal And International Migration, Effect of Immigration and Emigration on economy, covering cases of India and Unites states.
Presentation to the Workshop on Global Connections: UK and Global Poverty Solutions, Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
London
24th November 2010
Professor Tony McGrew, Strathclyde University
Economic growth||development||gjergj kol mihilliGjergjmihilli
Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the warp effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: DEVELOPMENT. CONTRASTS IN DEVELOPMENT. George Dumitrache
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: CONTRASTS IN DEVELOPMENT. It contains: economic development, human development, development indicators, health indicators, industry indicators, education indicators.
KRI Brown Bag Seminar #1 - Islamic Finance: New Tools for Innovation with Soc...KhazanahResearchInstitute
KRI Brown Bag Seminar #1 which was held on the 15 February 2017 hosted guest speaker, Professor Saadiah Mohamad, who discussed the developments in social finance and provided a case for structuring Shariah-compliant products with social impact.
Her presentation acknowledged the claim among critics that there is an inherent weakness in the present-day Islamic banking and finance industry in terms of its underdeveloped social sector. She thus explored a framework for a socially responsible investment sukuk and social impact bonds (SIB) in the social finance space, and came up with recommendations for structuring a Shariah-compliant SIB or social sukuk.
Professor Saadiah’s arguments are based on her latest journal publication “A Case for an Islamic Social Impact Bond”, under the ACRN Oxford Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives.
This PPT focuses on topic of human migration, Internal And International Migration, Effect of Immigration and Emigration on economy, covering cases of India and Unites states.
Presentation to the Workshop on Global Connections: UK and Global Poverty Solutions, Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
London
24th November 2010
Professor Tony McGrew, Strathclyde University
Economic growth||development||gjergj kol mihilliGjergjmihilli
Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the warp effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: DEVELOPMENT. CONTRASTS IN DEVELOPMENT. George Dumitrache
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: CONTRASTS IN DEVELOPMENT. It contains: economic development, human development, development indicators, health indicators, industry indicators, education indicators.
KRI Brown Bag Seminar #1 - Islamic Finance: New Tools for Innovation with Soc...KhazanahResearchInstitute
KRI Brown Bag Seminar #1 which was held on the 15 February 2017 hosted guest speaker, Professor Saadiah Mohamad, who discussed the developments in social finance and provided a case for structuring Shariah-compliant products with social impact.
Her presentation acknowledged the claim among critics that there is an inherent weakness in the present-day Islamic banking and finance industry in terms of its underdeveloped social sector. She thus explored a framework for a socially responsible investment sukuk and social impact bonds (SIB) in the social finance space, and came up with recommendations for structuring a Shariah-compliant SIB or social sukuk.
Professor Saadiah’s arguments are based on her latest journal publication “A Case for an Islamic Social Impact Bond”, under the ACRN Oxford Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives.
Based on Erik Reinert, How Rich Countries Got Rich ... and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor (2007), London: Constable, Chapter 8: “Get the economic activities right”, or, the Lost Art of Creating Middle-Income Countries. Further discussion on how to make upper-middle income county out of middle-income trap. And how to synchronize different aspect on developmental policy in modern era.
India is the 2nd most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion people.India’s population is large and growing.people contribute significantly to diverse areas and sectors of the economy—like agriculture, service industry, construction and other industries.our huge population of young people, a majority of whom are hardworking and enterprising, have made India a nation that finds respect worldwide.the government must realize that people are the biggest asset of a nation and provide suitable opportunities to them for turning them into valuable assets.
The anxiety is mounting about our process and ability to achieve sustainability, that is, our greed to meet our present needs while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs.
The anxiety is mounting about our process and ability to achieve sustainability, that is, our greed to meet our present needs while ensuring that future generations will be able to meet their needs.
Demography Development studies _university studentslewismkwabu
Demography refers to the overall statistical study of populations and how they change over time.
Demography entails the study of the changes in the numbers of births, deaths, marriages, and cases of disease in a community over a period of time.
Globalisation and Outsourcing : Impact on Agriculture and PoliticsNikhil Gupta
This is a Powerpoint Presentation on Globalization and Outsorcing . It includes Acknowledgement, meaning of globalization, impact on agriculture,impact on politics. impact of globaliazation on Indian Economy.
This presentation is made by Nikhil Gupta (nikhilgupta1998@yahoo.in)
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCESGeorge Dumitrache
07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE
On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTXGeorge Dumitrache
05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX
Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power.
However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg.
This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy.
It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments.
Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign.
On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event.
This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime.
The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned.
The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency.
This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason.
The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment.
Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party.
The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair.
On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%.
The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - 04. HITLER BECOMING CHANCELLOR 1933George Dumitrache
Hitler was not immediately appointed chancellor after the success of the July 1932 elections, despite being leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. It took the economic and political instability (with two more chancellors failing to stabilise the situation) to worsen, and the support of the conservative elite, to convince Hindenburg to appoint Hitler.
Hitler was sworn in as the chancellor of Germany on the 30 January 1933. The Nazis were now in power.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESSGeorge Dumitrache
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 07. STRESEMMAN ERA 1924-1929George Dumitrache
The period 1924-1929 was a time when the Weimar economy recovered and cultural life in Germany flourished. This dramatic turnabout happened in large part because of the role played by Gustav Stresemann who became Chancellor in August 1923 during the hyperinflation crisis.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 06. THE BEER HALL PUTSCH 1923George Dumitrache
The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923, during the Weimar Republic. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the Feldherrnhalle, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazi Party members and four police officers. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated Mein Kampf to fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 05. HYPERINFLATIONGeorge Dumitrache
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium, and misery for the general populace.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 03. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES IMPACT ON...George Dumitrache
Thanks to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's ability to produce revenue-generating coal and iron ore decreased. As war debts and reparations drained its coffers, the German government was unable to pay its debts. Some of the former World War I Allies didn't buy Germany's claim that it couldn't afford to pay.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 02. THE NOVEMBER REVOLUTION 1918George Dumitrache
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption of the Weimar Constitution in August 1919. Among the factors leading to the revolution were the extreme burdens suffered by the German population during the four years of war, the economic and psychological impacts of the German Empire's defeat by the Allies, and growing social tensions between the general population and the aristocratic and bourgeois elite.
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANYGeorge Dumitrache
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 01. THE EFFECT OF WW1 ON GERMANY. This presentation covers the social, economic and political impact of war along with a brief analysis of the physical cost of war.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
ABYSSINIAN CRISIS. The Abyssinian Crisis was over in 1936. Italy and Mussolini continually ignored the League of Nations and fully annexed Abyssinia on May 9th 1936. The League of Nations was shown to be ineffective. The League had not stood up against one of the strongest members and fulfilled the promise of collective security.
Manchurian Crisis. On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
05. LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Great Depression and LON.pptxGeorge Dumitrache
GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The Great Depression of 1930-33 meant people turned to extremist dictators such as Hitler and Mussolini, who were keen to invade other countries. This made it hard for the League to maintain peace. The League had some very ambitious plans and ideals – to stop war and make the world a better place.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. What does the concept ‘sustainability’ mean?
Involves adopting ways of thinking and behaving that allow
individuals, groups, and societies to meet their needs and
aspirations without preventing future generations from meeting
theirs.
Sustainable interaction with the environment may be achieved
by preventing, limiting, minimizing or correcting
environmental damage to water, air and soil, as well as
considering ecosystems and problems related to waste, noise,
and visual pollution.
What does this statement mean??
3. How does it apply in the context of population?
What actions and
ways of thinking…
…will lead to
preventing,
limiting, minimizing
and correcting
damage
This will help to
keep resources
sustainable…
4. Remember?
….The census is collected every 5 years in NZ.
Governments need to know about population
structure so that they can address people’s
needs
What part does the collection of census data
have to play in the sustainable management of
a country?
5. What issues are relevant to New Zealand’s population?
• Ageing population
12% of the population are over the age of 65 years
• Urban population
86% of the population live in urban areas
• Lowland, coastal dwelling
90% of the population live within 40km of the coast
• Concentrations of population in the North Island
around Auckland
75% of the population live in the North Island.
Auckland has 31% of the country's population
6. • Multicultural population
In 2006, 23% of New Zealand’s total population had been
born overseas.
• Sustained economic growth
In 2010 NZ’s GDP per capita was $31,000. About 60% that
of the United States.
• Sustained healthy environments
NZ must find a balance between economic
development and use of resources and social and
environmental sustainability.
7. Projected age structure of population (2006 to 2031).
1. Ageing population
What is the forecast by 2031 (20 years from now)?
8. How might this situation become unsustainable?
What can the government do to prevent this?
(pensions? Savings? Immigration? Retirement age?...)
1. Ageing population
9. 9
2. Urban population. Lowland, coastal dwelling.
Concentrations of population in the North Island around
Auckland.
What will
probably be
the future
trend here?
11. How might the future situation become
unsustainable?
What can be done to reduce the impacts of this?
(Regional growth? Immigration policy? Investment in
mineral exploration?...)
2. Urban.
Lowland, coastal.
Concentrations around Auckland.
12. Recap: Brief summary of Migration - What immigrant groups and when?
Date Event
1861-1865 Gold rush 93,000 people migrated to NZ
1870-1880 140,000 people migrated to NZ from European countries
1880’s Depression causes large scale emigration
1930’s Depression causes a drop in immigration
1939-1945 WWII Population declined
1956-1960 Baby Boom rapid rise in birth rate
1960’s Population increase due to Samoan immigration and
introduction of contraceptive pill which saw birth rates
decrease.
1970’s-today A decline in birth rate due to low fertility levels because of
the contraceptive pill, working women, rising divorce rates,
later marriage, delayed child bearing.
1990’s-today Net population gains from migration largely from Asia.
3. Multicultural population
13. New Zealand net migration change, 2005
What possible situation could
become unsustainable here? Why?
14. The Future?
• Government statisticians predict that
the population will peak around 2046
at 4.8 million
• In the future New Zealand's
population
is expected to grow slowly through
migration.
(In 2006, 23% of New Zealand’s total
population had been born overseas.)
What does this tell us about
immigration?
What problems
could arise?
Therefore what
balance is needed
here?
15. The Government can and does control immigration!
• By creating immigration laws, the government
has control over where the immigrants to NZ
come from and how many come.
• The government sets an immigration target of
how many immigrants are needed per year
(54,000 in 2006), and also accepts a certain
number of fee paying students (90,000 in
2006)
16. 4. Sustained economic growth AND
Sustained healthy environments
In 2010 NZ’s GDP per capita was $31,000. About 60% that
of the United States.
What is needed?
(Investment… foreign?? Mineral extraction – National Parks?
Safety issues? More developments and how fast?)
What problems might these solutions lead to?
17. Sustained economic growth AND
Sustained healthy environments
How do we maintain a balance?
• NZ has legislation in place which helps balance economic
development and environmental health.
• Nzers have the means to voice concern.
eg mining on Great Barrier Island
The Green Party and Act party allow NZ voters to push
either business or environmental issues)
• NZ has a centre- right (National) and centre-left (Labour)
wing political system which maintains a balance between
social development on one hand and economic on the other.
18. Over the years the government has put in place laws and rules to make
sure that the environment is protected for future generations of New
Zealanders. Such things as:
1. The Resource Management Act *
2. A special consent process must be followed
through local Councils if major projects are to
be developed.
Development
idea goes to the
Council Development
idea allowed/ or
not…
* The RMA means that any change must be seen to not be
harming either the environment or people,
yet allowing for future economic development.
19. The government is concerned about future sustainable
development
It has set up a group to help analyse and work out the
impacts of future population issues.
Population and Sustainable Development @govt.NZ
21. The forecast shown on the preceding graphs came
form a study done in the 1972 by a group of
economic and social experts know then as
‘The Club of Rome’
A more recent study called ‘The Limits to Growth’ looked
at the past thirty years and compared results with the
predictions made in 1972 and found that changes in
industrial production, food production and pollution are
all in line with the predictions made by the Club of Rome.
23. Now its your turn…
With the use of your notes on India’s population come up
with a list of 4 possible issues to do with sustainability.
For each issue come up with one solution or way in which
the issue may have less impact and be more sustainable??
26. Population Growth /
- sustainable solutions?
Population control programmes
1. During the 1980s, family planning programs were
implemented by the central government. In rural
areas, the programs were run through a network of
primary health centres. Often by health care workers
educated in basic health and family planning
information.
27. Population Growth / sustainable solutions?
Population control programmes continued…
2. The use of women's clubs as a means of involving
women in community family planning. The local
voluntary groups either provide distribution of condoms
and birth control pills and also make arrangements for
the operation of sterilization camps.
3. In 2010 the government began a scheme which offers
$106 to couples who put off having a child for the first 2
years of marriage
28. Population Growth / sustainable solutions?
Continued…
4. Health officials in the Indian state of Rajasthan are
launching a new campaign in an effort to reduce the
high population growth in the area. (2011)
They are encouraging men and women to volunteer
for sterilisation, and in return are offering a car and
other prizes for those who come forward.
29. Urban Growth - urbanisation
70% of India’s population live in rural areas. However
there is a rapid rate of urbanisation.
The rate of urban growth is 2.4% (NZ’s is 0.9%)
India has eight large
‘megacities’. Mumbai is
the largest.
30. Urban Growth - urbanisation
This has lead to 2 major problems
The growth of slum housing
and street dwellers. More
than 60% 0f Mumbaikers
live in either of these
situations. (eg. Dhavari)
A growing urban poor who
are mal-nourished,
Poorly educated and have
little access to good health care.
31. Urban Growth –
urbanisation/sustainable solutions?
• Some slums have been bulldozed and replaced with
modern apartments. (slum dwellers are forced to
move)
• High rise apartments built for the poor (often rents
are too high)
• New townships have been built on the outskirts to
house the overflow. (eg ‘New Mumbai’)
• The cities problems are too big and too rapid to deal
with easily
32. Excerpt from an interview with author and ‘Man Booker’ Prize winner Aravind
Adiga as he lays bare the truth of India's poverty. (London Telegraph 2008)
…The couple were angry. Looming over their hovel on the gantry of a nearby
flyover was the grinning face of India's playboy billionaire, Vijay Mallya, owner of
the Kingfisher beer brand and often described as "India's Richard Branson".
From a giant billboard Mr Mallya could be seen exhorting Mumbai's upper
classes to "Fly the Good Times" on his recently launched airline, itself a beacon
of the new, booming India.
So what, I wondered, did Subir think of that poster? Did he find it an inspiring
emblem of a new, prosperous India or a galling, taunting reminder of the fact
that there was absolutely no chance that he'd ever be ''flying the good times" in
one of the planes that came thundering over the tin roof of his shack every five
minutes.
He didn't take long to give his answer. "I don't want to go flying in a plane," he
said, "I just want enough money to eat and to buy medicine for my wife. One
day I want my son to go to school. Today I cannot even afford to give her a sweet
for the Eid festival. There is no honour in this life."