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Calculating Standard Deviation (sample)


                           s=
                                      ∑( Xi − X )             2           SS

                                                n −1
Step 1: Calculate Sum of Squares
              SS = ΣX2 – (ΣX)2 /N
               Square each score and then add   Add up all the scores, square the
                  up all the squared scores      sum, divide by the sample size


Step 2: Plug in SS (what you got above) into the numerator of the
standard deviation formula
s = √ SS
         n–1
Step 3: Interpretation (On average, observations in the sample are (insert standard
deviation) units away from the sample mean of (insert mean).

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Calculating Standard Deviation (Sample)

  • 1. Calculating Standard Deviation (sample) s= ∑( Xi − X ) 2 SS n −1 Step 1: Calculate Sum of Squares SS = ΣX2 – (ΣX)2 /N Square each score and then add Add up all the scores, square the up all the squared scores sum, divide by the sample size Step 2: Plug in SS (what you got above) into the numerator of the standard deviation formula s = √ SS n–1 Step 3: Interpretation (On average, observations in the sample are (insert standard deviation) units away from the sample mean of (insert mean).