3. The definition of political culture
Types of political culture
What does Political Culture do?
Trends in political culture of Pakistan
Ways by which positive trends can be added
4. The broad pattern of political orientations shared by a
large group of people (a nation, a region, a class, an ethnic
group)
5. These models were given by American Political
Scientists Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba in their
book “The Civic Culture” on 1963.
They said the Political Culture can be determined by
three factors;
Awareness of Government, Expectations of
Government and Political Participation
6. They examined the political culture of five democratic
countries which includes’
Italy
Germany
Mexico
US
UK
7. There are three types of Political Culture
Parochial Culture
Subject
Participant
8. In this citizens have no cognitive orientations towards
the political system.
Societies do not except anything positive of
government nor they except to participate in politics as,
its elite domain
The government is seen as enforcer of its own laws and
rules and realm of politics is avoided
9. The citizens focus on output aspects of the system
This tends to be manifested in citizenry that excepts
positive action from government, but that does not tend
to be politically active themselves
They too see politics game of power and influence by
elite domain engaged
10. It focuses on both input and output aspects of the
system
Citizens have high expectations of government and
personnel participation in politics e.g. voting at the time
of elections
It is centralized to principles of democracy
11. Through this process of Political socialization, the
central values of political culture are transmitted from
one generation to another
12. Aziz writes about the political trends in Pakistan that
“The political history of Pakistan and the way the game
of politics has been played so far have ensured a
weakening of the democratic spirit and a corresponding
strengthening of the dictatorial ghost.” (2001:129)
13. Political parties of Pakistan are not properly organized
from their inside structure,
absence of party elections,
domination of any family or group or ethnicity on the
party and which limits the scope of party in terms of its
voters and specially aims and objects which shrink as
well and loses the national character.
14. The weak organization and improper working of
political parties paves the way for coalition
governments,
they exert their whole energy for maintaining the
coalition set up and remain in continuous pressure from
partner groups.
15. Lack of clear majority of anyone political party also
shows that people do not trust any of these partners that
is why all enjoy less support.
It is the clear will of people which is the expression of
their choice and establishes a stable political system
strongly supported by the common masses.
16. The present political trend in Pakistan is forming
coalitions amongst different political parties, which is
the reason of current instable conditions.
Coalition set up is considered temporary arrangement
in political scenario everywhere in the world
since it is based on interests of various groups and
when they are not served it is broken and leads to more
instable conditions.
17. Another significant factor which has contributed and
worsened the problem of political instability is the
dysfunction of federal system.
The people of various cultures exerted to obtain a
separate home land where they can prosper shattered
because of faults in maintaining a just federal system.
18. This led to the increase in mistrust on national leaders
and more trust on ethnic leadership who exploited the
emotions of people for their selfish interests.
The unjustified acts and emotion provoking acts of the
leaders made people question their identity and
legitimacy again after the independence
the best example of Bangladesh can be referred here.
19. There should be a strong political organization in the
Parties
elections within the Parties should be conducted
Family Politics and ethnicity Should be Avoided
Political socialization should be done to increase the
turnout in elections.
The demands of new provinces should be addressed by
the federation and its units
20. The political culture in Pakistan is very weak. Most of
the Political parties in Pakistan is doing family based
politics or ethnic politics. Moreover the collation
government is weakening the federation and its units by
maintaining the power.
