The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A Literature Review on Lean Implementations – A comprehensive summaryIJERA Editor
The available research papers in area of Lean are studied to know the implementation level of different lean
tools, barrier and benefits of implementation are also considered in the review .The commonly used lean tools in
the various organization, most common barriers and benefits have been identified and listed in this paper. Most
common barrier are also components of quality of work life.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
A Literature Review on Lean Implementations – A comprehensive summaryIJERA Editor
The available research papers in area of Lean are studied to know the implementation level of different lean
tools, barrier and benefits of implementation are also considered in the review .The commonly used lean tools in
the various organization, most common barriers and benefits have been identified and listed in this paper. Most
common barrier are also components of quality of work life.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity
Best Manufacturing practice adoptions by Indian IndustriesIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a new model to provide guidance and support for Indian manufacturing companies who aim to reach at global level standards both in maintenance and manufacturing processes through continual improvement. Based on this study, a strategic model was developed through conceptual integration of popular process improvement strategies, which are based on ISO, TQM, TPM , Lean Production, six-sigma & TPM. An attempt was made to analyze and address some major limitations of existing models to pave the way of achieving manufacturing excellence
Role of IT in Lean Manufacturing: A brief ScenarioIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Lean and Six Sigma: A Combined Approach for Waste Management in Indian SME’sIJLT EMAS
Lean Six Sigma is an approach which focuses on
continuous improvement of processes in order to reduce the cost
due to poor quality and to make improvements in the bottom line
results to create value for the customers. The Basic purpose of
this paper is to explore the various critical success and failure
factors of LSS approach in various SME’s clusters of India. The
following research is based upon the systematic literature review
of papers published in various reputed journals on techniques
like Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Best Manufacturing practice adoptions by Indian IndustriesIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to develop a new model to provide guidance and support for Indian manufacturing companies who aim to reach at global level standards both in maintenance and manufacturing processes through continual improvement. Based on this study, a strategic model was developed through conceptual integration of popular process improvement strategies, which are based on ISO, TQM, TPM , Lean Production, six-sigma & TPM. An attempt was made to analyze and address some major limitations of existing models to pave the way of achieving manufacturing excellence
Role of IT in Lean Manufacturing: A brief ScenarioIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Lean and Six Sigma: A Combined Approach for Waste Management in Indian SME’sIJLT EMAS
Lean Six Sigma is an approach which focuses on
continuous improvement of processes in order to reduce the cost
due to poor quality and to make improvements in the bottom line
results to create value for the customers. The Basic purpose of
this paper is to explore the various critical success and failure
factors of LSS approach in various SME’s clusters of India. The
following research is based upon the systematic literature review
of papers published in various reputed journals on techniques
like Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
THE KEY TO LEAN PERF ORMANCE: IMPLEMENTING A DAIL Y SHOP - FLOOR CONTROL SY...IAEME Publication
Proposed this paper is a standardized shop floor control (SFC) model which has been developed to control and enhance processes improvement in both Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and multinationals based in
Morocco.The key contribution of this paper is a framework, “Lean Shop Floor Control System” (LSFCS), which responds efficiently to many common Lean Manufacturing (LM), Lean Leadership and SFC requirements by regrouping four main dimensions that are standardization, visual management, daily audits, and kaizen.
Keys to Succeed in Implementing Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM) and Lean S...IJMTST Journal
Competition is global and it continues to get more intense, with changes in technology, introduction of new and differentiated products and techniques. These changes are faster than what can be implemented. Profits are no longer driven by prices but with costs.[1] Customers have access to just about anything at their finger tips. The expectation like quick response, lower prices, flexible orders and quality products, is increasing every day from the customers. Our OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are searching for new methods of doing business and they expect their suppliers, like us to do the same. The challenge in front of us is how we respond effectively to these changing trends in the industry for our survival & growth. Change is the only certainty and the above is very much applicable to any business to achieve and sustain competitive edge. It is evident that organizations, which are innovative and visionary, have successfully implemented the change, realizing its business strategies would lead to their long term survival
The concepts contained within Lean Manufacturing are not limited merely to production systems. These concepts translate directly into the world of maintenance and reliability.
At the core of Lean Manufacturing philosophy is the concept of elimination of waste. It is about getting precisely the right resources to precisely the right place and at the right time to make only the necessary products in the most efficient manner possible.
The concepts of the elimination of waste can be easily traced to Benjamin Franklin. Poor Richard encouraged the concepts of elimination of waste in numerous ways. Adages like “Waste not, want not”, “A penny
saved is two pence clear…Save and have” and “He that idly loses 5s. [shillings] worth of time, loses 5s., and might as prudently throw 5s. into the river.” Yes, it was Benjamin Franklin that educated us about the possibility that avoiding unnecessary costs could return more profit than simply increasing total sales.
It was Henry Ford who took the concept of the elimination of waste and integrated it into daily operations at his manufacturing facilities. Mr. Ford’s attitude can be seen in his books, “My Life and Work” (1922) and in “Today and Tomorrow” (1926) where he describes the folly of waste and introduces the world to Just-In-Time manufacturing. Mr. Ford cites inspiration from Benjamin Franklin as part of the foundation of these concepts.
However, it wasn’t until Toyota’s Chief Engineer, Taiichi Ohno systematized these concepts and the concept of pull (Kanban) into the Toyota Production System and created a cohesive production philosophy that was focused on the elimination of waste, that the world was able to see the real power of Lean Manufacturing. Interestingly enough, when Mr. Ohno was asked about the inspiration of his system, he merely laughed and said he read most of it in Henry Ford’s book.
Part 1 of this report will focus on one very specific Lean Manufacturing method known as 5S. This section will detail how a 5S initiative focusing on a plant’s Preventive Maintenance (PM) Program can immediately unlock resources within that maintenance department and make the PM process significantly more effective and efficient. Part 2 will look at the Deadly Wastes (Muda) of manufacturing and how elimination of these wastes is also a focus of the reliability process. Part 3 will discuss the overall objectives of Lean Manufacturing and parallel them with the overall objectives of the reliability process. Part 4 will discuss Poka- Yoke (mistake proofing) and see how several standard maintenance techniques are, in fact, Poka-Yoke techniques. A brief discussion of Kaizen and how both Lean Manufacturing and Maintenance and Reliability initiatives share these very same goals and objectives will summarize the entire report.
Productivity Improvement by Applying DILO (Time and Motion) and Lean PrinciplesIJERA Editor
In recent years, service industries are struggling to improve their processes efficiencies. Lean principles and the methodologies are becoming a prime problem solving approaches to perform the operational processes with a minimum non-value adding activities resulting in reduced wait time, movements, defect rates and other delays in the process. This paper addresses the implementation of lean principles in a one of the service organizations. The main objective of this paper is to draw the As-Is process map, conduct process analysis to identify non-value added activities, capture the time using DILO (day in a life of…), simplify or eliminate the same and improve efficiency of the process. Through the application of lean principles the As-Is and To-Be process maps are constructed to improve the operational processes by identifying different waste and its sources of wastes. A noticeable reduction in processing time is observed in the process by simplifying and eliminating the non value added activities in the process. This case study can be useful in developing a more generic approach to design lean environment
Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing ...ijtsrd
In competitive environment lean manufacturing is necessary in every industry. Lean production is a standard manufacturing mode of the 21st century All the manufacturing industries have put a continuous efforts for its survival in these current world. In order to handle the critical situations manufacturers are trying to implement new and innovative techniques in their manufacturing process. Later on lean was formulated and developed as the solution to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. Due to rapid change in business environment the manufacturing organization are forced to face challenges and complexities in the competition. The concept of lean manufacturing was developed for maximize the resource utilization and minimize the wastes. The main focus of the lean manufacturing is to satisfy customer demands for high quality and low cost. The technique not only identifies the reasons for waste but also helps in its removal through marked principles and guidelines. Lean Manufacturing is an efficient and fast growing approach in the world of competition. Lean manufacturing utilizes a wide range of tools and techniques the choice of tools is based on the requirement. Many parameters contribute success of lean. Organizations which implemented lean manufacturing have higher level of flexibility and competitiveness. However, lean manufacturing provides an environment that is highly conducive to waste minimization. The majority of the study focuses on single aspect of lean element, only very few focuses on more than one aspect of lean elements, but for the successful implementation of lean the organization had to focuses on all the aspects such as Value Stream Mapping VSM , Cellular Manufacturing CM , U line system, Line Balancing, Inventory control, Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED , Pull System, Kanban, Production Leveling etc., G. K. Kiran Kumar ""Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing Industries: A Review "" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23194.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23194/understanding-the-need-of-implementation-of-lean-techniques-in-manufacturing-industries-a-review-/g-k-kiran-kumar
Journey from Six Sigma to Lean Six Sigma: A Literature ReviewIJMER
This paper reviews the published literature related to six –sigma and lean six-sigma. The paper shows that how the methodology changes with changing trend and competition. Nowadays, the pressure of competition from multi-national companies had increased and among them is the automotive industry. It is the impact when the level of competition is intensifying as the manufactured vehicles shifts from being national to global. As a part of competition, the important of understanding the implementation of LSS concept is really useful to be a good competitor. The review gives why the industries fail to implement as well how they can overcome it.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 4 || Pages || 21-28 || 2014 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 21
A Qualitative Study on the Barriers of Lean Manufacturing
Implementation: An Indian Context (Delhi Ncr Region)
1
Akhil kumar
1,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara Engineering College, Sonepat, Haryana, India
-------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------
Lean Manufacturing (LM) is considered as a rapid growing manufacturing culture. The companies are
facing cut throat competition and so are compelled to continuously perform better than their competitors. Hence
the organizations are growing at a faster pace, to enhance their position in the competitive world. Industrial
organizations have to adopt the new philosophies like lean. Lean Manufacturing may be defined as the
technique which is used for the continuous elimination of all types of waste in the production process to improve
the efficiency. Management strategies and philosophies are always difficult and uncertain because change is
inevitable and the companies should devise it as per the customer’s requirement. The primary competitive
measure of lean is “ability to respond to the customer and satisfy his requirements by making the process of the
production efficient and waste free”.
Published works in the lean manufacturing domain indicates several methodologies for implementation
of lean strategy and managerial issues related with culture and leadership in the enterprise. Also, literature in
the domain and the related investigations indicates that not only it is necessary to implement most of the
technical tools, but an organization’s culture needs transformation too. Literature survey on LM identifies
several tools and techniques of LM like TQM, QC, TPM, JIT, KAIZEN, 5S’s etc. It is also established in the
literature survey that during the implementation of LM, the industries face various implementation bottlenecks
which affects the performance of industry. Although researchers have found some barriers to the LM, it is
clearly observed that there is need for a broad technique that can establish relationship between these barriers.
Another issue that has not deliberated adequately in research is the issue of a comprehensive methodology that
deals with removing of these barriers. In this research paper efforts have been made to identify the barriers to
lean implementation and then to develop the relationships among these identified barriers. While literature
survey suggested some important barriers in the lean implementation, additional few barriers were indentified
through discussions with the subject matter experts from the industry. A comprehensive survey instrument
consisting of 30 questionnaires was then used to evaluate the importance of different lean implementation
barriers. While, the outcome of survey instrument gives the importance of lean barriers, it could not provide the
complex relationship among these barriers, which actually forms a network of mutual relationship.
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Date of Submission: 31 March 2014 Date of Publication: 10 April 2014
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I. INTRODUCTION
Lean Manufacturing may be defined as manufacturing philosophy which employs a set of tools and
techniques responsible for the continuous elimination of all types of waste in the production process. Lean
means “Reduce the Waste”. Waste in industry is defined as “anything that does not add any value to the end
product from customer‟s perspective”. The goals in implementing the Lean Manufacturing are lower production
costs; increased output and shorter production lead times. [Mekong‟s capital review (2004)]
Waste is defined as anything which adds cost to the product without adding any value to the product. It can be
broadly classified as the following.
Waste which are seen or calculated like machine breakdown.
Waste which are not calculated in terms of waste like improper transportation of machines and
materials. Minor wastes include are papers in management work, due to improper working
environment etc.
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So to detect and remove these wastes in any industry LM is used. Mainly seven kinds of wastes (figure
1.1) are included in the category which will be discussed below:
Overproduction: Production of products above what actually is required by the customer at that point
of need is considered as a waste.
Rejection: The product is not as per the requirement is considered as a scrap and waste.
Transportation: Unnecessary movement of the parts during production which does not add any value
to the product is considered as a waste.
Fig 1.1 7 types of Wastes in Industry [Dixit et al. (2011)]
Inventory: It may be defines as the stocks of parts waiting to be finished or products waiting to be
shipped. Inventory of any kind is called a waste.
Motion: Unnecessary movement of the workers on the shop floor is considered as a waste. It has been
observed that at an average only 5 % of the motion is useful for processing on work piece.
Work in Process (WIP): It is a direct result of over production and waiting time. It may also be
termed as over processing and thus is a type of waste.
Waiting Time: Unnecessary waiting by the worker to begin the next step or the product is waiting to
be processed on the next work station is considered as a waste.
Lean Manufacturing Tools and Techniques
Lean manufacturing is based on the continuous identification & removal of all kinds of wastes which
are explained above. All the tools for LM aim at identifying different kinds of waste and their sources and then
devise methodology to remove these from the system continuously. For highlighting the root causes of the
problem and method to remove these, the following tools and techniques are used.
Total Quality Management (TQM): It is a philosophy which is totally based on the customer‟s
approach. It means “SATISFYING CUSTOMER FIRST TIME EVERY TIME”.
7-Quality Control (QC): The seven QC tools are used in any industry to solve the problems. The
seven QC tools are divided into four stages as given in fig below.
i) Identify the Problem
ii) Development of planning
iii) Formulation of action plans
iv) Continuous small improvements
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Fig 1.2 QC tools in four stages
Some Techniques for LM are explained below briefly:
Just In Time (JIT): JIT concepts are based on pull demand model. Everything is done when they are
actually needed.
POKA YOKE: It is a Japanese technique which means mistake proofing. Innovation is the key for
POKA YOKE.
KAIZEN: Kaizen means small continuous improvements. It is a Japanese philosophy. KAIZEN helps to
decrease the risk in process improvement, which is involved in the lean implementation. It is basically
dependent on PDCA cycle which is also called Deming cycle, as depicted in fig. 1.3.
FIG. 1.3 KAIZEN [Dixit et al. (2011)]
5S’s: “A place for everything and everything in its place” is the slogan that is usually followed when 5 S is
applied. Following five elements are fundamental to 5S.
(1) SERI: Sorting and disposing of unwanted item
(2) SEITION: Organizing
(3) SEISO: Cleaning
(4) SEIKETSU: Standardizing
(5) SHITSUKE: Discipline
PLAN DO
SMALL
IMPROVEMENT
ACT
CHECK
ISHIKAWA TOOL
AFFINITY AND RELATION DIAGRAM
BRAINSTORMING
MATRIX AND TREE DIAGRAM
PARETO, HISTOGRAM, CONTROL CHART, CHECK SHEETS
ARROW DIAGRAM,PDPC,MATRIX DATA ANALYSIS
SMALL IMPROVEMENTS
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II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Bhasin S. & Burcher P. (2006) Lean manufacturing is defined as a technique to improve the productivity by
eliminating the wastes. Only 10 percent industries in UK have successfully implemented the LM. The major
difficulties companies encounter in attempting lean strategy are lack of direction, lack of planning and lack of
adequate project sequencing. It was stated that technical requirement for any organization to apply LM is
kanban, TPM, value and the seven wastes.
Ciarniene R. & Vienazindiene M. (2012) Lean production evolved from the TPS over a period of several
decades and it is considered to improve the industrial performance by eliminating the wastes. LM is a
management philosophy derived from the TPS to address their specific needs in a restricted market in times of
economic trouble. It is one of the popular concepts which has been studied and practiced in many companies.
Lean production can be described at different levels of abstraction. It is defined as a philosophy based on a set of
principles and a bundle of practices. The major difficulty while implementing LM is the typical behavior
exhibited by people in the workplace.
Hines P. & Taylor D. (2000) Lean production methods were pioneered by Toyota in Japan. Lean thinking
distills the essence of the lean approach into the five principles and show how the concepts can be extended to
any industry, in any sector and in any country. It is suggested that for practicing LM, it is necessary to
investigate all enterprise processes for seven kinds of wastes and to classify activities among the three categories
viz. value adding activity, non-value adding activity and necessary non–value adding activity. Different steps
are made to lean thinking for the removal of the wastage and reducing the no-value activities.
Alavi S. (2003) posits that the origin of LM is based on the TPS. A lean organization thinks more about the
customer as compared to running machinery and equipments. LM aims to eliminate waste in all areas of
production, including customer relations, product design and company management. The goal is to work smarter
rather than harder by incorporating the less human efforts, less time to produce and utilizing the less space in
order to become highly responsive to customer demand. To begin with LM, there should be the commitment
from the senior management. The education to the team about LM is vital to Lean success.
Singh B.K., Bhar C. and Pandurangan V. (2011) state that Lean manufacturing system are more flexible and
responsive to customer requirements. LM is a multi dimensional approach that encompasses a wide variety of
management practices including just in time, quality systems, work teams, cellular manufacturing etc. in an
integrated system. Traditional manufacturing system works on the principle of inventory, but LM system
questions the role of inventory. LM works on the principle of Pull production while traditional manufacturing
system works on push production system.
Dixit A., Patel S. & Dixit Anupam (2011) state that LM is a manufacturing system developed by Toyota of
Japan and is now widely practiced by many manufacturers across the world. It is a systematic approach for
identifying and reducing waste through continuous improvement by product flows at the pull of the customer in
pursuit of perfection. It believes in using small continuous improvements rather than the rapid improvement. In
order to eliminate waste different techniques can be applied like TQM, POKA YOKE, TPM, 5S, JIT etc.
Hines P., Holweg M. & Rich N. (2004) state the application of lean thinking has made a significant impact in
academic as well as the industrial circles over the last decade. In spite of the successful lean applications many
of the barriers are also come in way while implementing LM are the Lack of contingency, Human aspects, lack
of strategic perspective and coping with variability. For the successful implementation of LM we have to
overcome these kinds of barriers which will help us to improve the performance of the organization.
Nordin N. & Deros B. (2013) suggest that Lean implementation is a systematic and continual effort so, it is
important to identify and understand the barriers for a smooth transition. The barriers can be found out while
implementing LM by two different approaches like quantitative and qualitative study. The quantitative study
showed the main barrier like lack of top management commitment, lack of understanding of Lean concept while
qualitative study showed inadequate training and communication, employee‟s attitude etc as some of the
important LM barriers.
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Teleghani Mohammad (2010) posits that LM‟s strategic importance is to assign strategic priorities in the
decision making. The various issues which can come while implementing the lean manufacturing technique in
any industry are management issues, technical issues etc. Some barriers while implementing lean manufacturing
are human aspects, lack of contingency, coping with variability etc.
Rose A.M.N., Deros B.Md & Rahman, M.N.Ab. (2010) have suggested that lean manufacturing is the best
manufacturing system in the 21st
century. The review is based on the SME‟s definition and characteristics. Large
organization is always been ahead in adopting new management system including LM implementation.
Yang P. A. and Yu Yu B. (2010) suggest that SME‟s play an important role in the economic growth of any
country. They provide a brief description of some of the barriers that come in view while implementing lean
manufacturing technique in Small & Medium Enterprises (SME‟S).
Esfondyari Alireza & Osman M.R. (2011) identified some of the barriers in the implementation of lean
manufacturing in an case industry. They posit that role of management in implementing LM is very important.
III. RESEARCH GAPS
During the research on the lean manufacturing, tools and techniques of LM has been identified. During
literature survey several tools and techniques of LM like TQM, QC, TPM, JIT, KAIZEN, 5S‟s etc, were
identified. It was also indicated that the procedure for implementation of LM is equally an important issue. Past
research has indicated that there are many obstacles that come while implementing LM. Many researchers found
some barriers to LM. Teleghani Mohammad (2010) describes the various issues which can come while
implementing the lean manufacturing technique in any industry through his research paper. While he has
explained some of the barriers of lean manufacturing, he has not provided the inter relationship between them,
nor he has suggested ideas to overcome these. Literature in the domain and the related investigations indicates
that not only it is necessary to implement most of the technical tools, but an organization‟s culture needs
transformation too. It is also established in the literature survey that during the implementation of LM the
industries face various issues of LM which affects the performance of the industry. Although researchers have
found some barriers to the LM and it is clearly observed that no suitable technique has been suggested that can
establish relationship between these barriers adequately. Another issue that seems not deliberated adequately in
research is the issue of a comprehensive methodology that deals with removing of these barriers. Esfondyari et
al. (2011) explain some of the barriers which are find out during the implementation of lean manufacturing in an
industry. The relationship between these barriers has not been defined by them. Similarly, Yang et al. (2010)
give the brief description of some of the barriers that come in view while implementing the lean manufacturing
technique in Small & Medium Enterprises (SME‟S). No suitable technique is suggested by them which provide
us the relation between these barriers.
IV. METHODOLOGY
After the literature survey, some barriers were found. But to confirm these barriers in Indian scenario, a
survey instrument is required that incorporates all the issues of LM implementation in Indian context. This is
discussed below.
Development of Survey- Instrument
The main objective of the questionnaire-based survey was to facilitate industry experts in developing a
relationship matrix as a first step towards developing an ISM-based model. This survey instrument had a wide
range of research objectives and involved many questions (Appendix A). In this survey the respondents were
asked to indicate the importance of 20 listed barriers on a five-point Linker scale. On this scale, 1 and 5
correspond to „very low importance‟ to „very high importance‟, respectively. The questionnaire was
administered to companies from Indian manufacturing industries. In total, about 30 industries (Appendix B) are
analyzed and on the basis of the analysis of the survey results following scores and ranks of listed barriers are
calculated (Table 1.1). Henceforth the barriers will be designated by their rank numbers, for example, Lack of
planning (barrier 1); Human Aspects (barrier 7) etc.
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BARRIER Mean Rank
Lack of Planning 4.3 1
Lack of top management
commitment 4.175 2
Lack of Methodology 4.025 3
Unwillingness to learn and see 3.95 4
Misunderstanding of lean Production 3.825 5
Lack of Contingency 3.65 6
Human Aspects 3.525 7
Lack of Strategic Perspective 3.5 8
Lack of organizational structure 3.35 9
Lack of technological Infrastructure 3.275 10
Widening Customer Requirements 3.2 11
Personal Training 3.175 12
High Cost of Advance Technology 3.15 13
Reduced Manufacturing Lead time 3 14
Social Factor 2.9 15
Resistance to change 2.875 16
Coping with variability 2.85 17
Technological Advancements 2.85 18
Integration And pro-activity 2.775 19
Requirement of alteration in Process
Methodology 2.675 20
Table 1.1 List of the Barriers
Some of the barriers from the above table will be discussed briefly here.
Personal training
Lack of training is one barrier that prevents a company from being agile. Training security professionals on
different security spheres is helpful to their personal development as well as that of the overall security
team. Enterprises must allow analysis of employee capabilities and initiatives to train them in their domain
of activities and also towards developing the basic philosophy of lean. Thus, Top management thinking that
there is high investment in training of employee and with there is no output from employee in that particular
duration is contradictory to lean philosophy [Nordin et al. (2013)].
High Cost of Advance Technology
With regard to manufacturing technologies and processes, small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) face
problem that their production is not automized; consequently, they rely strongly on conventional production
machining facilities. This is consistent with the company strategies and their focus on mainly fabricating
customized rather than standardized products. SMEs product batches are generally small, and thus they do
not perceive the necessity of investing in big machinery. Similarly production planning technologies of the
SMEs contain either traditional planning, not fully integrated planning tools. These are some of the
important lean impediments. Whereas a few companies had been investing in mid-size ERPs or other
customized IT systems have benifitted immensely from lean [Ciarniene et al. (2012)].
Reduced manufacturing lead time
To remain competitive, manufacturers are required to produce products in sufficient quantity at lower cost,
with high quality and decreasing lead time [Mishra et al. (2012)].
Social factors
This factor includes environmental pressures, workforce/workplace expectations, and legal pressures
[Nordin et al. (2013)].
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Resistance to Change
Any organisation will have some staff that are resistant to change. No matter how beneficial the changes
may be, they will oppose them almost on principle, so these staff has to be targeted specifically because
their resistance can act as a significant barrier [Yang et al. (2010); Hines et al. (2004)].
Copying with Variability
Another most important part of the criticism was the inability of lean production systems and supply chains
to cope with variability, a key aspect of the lean management. Indeed, in order to add value to the customer,
the lean managers seeks to find ways to manage variability and to create capacity by utilizing assets more
effectively than in traditional systems. Various lean approaches, such as mixed model scheduling and level
scheduling had earlier been developed to do this. However, in the case of demand variability, these
approaches have sought to control demand, as the original lean pioneers came from fairly stable demand
environments industries. This high-volume and repetitive demand character suits the application of kanban
pull scheduling [Teleghani (2010)].
Technological advancements
To cope up with the today‟s customers/market need, companies are focused to introduce more efficient and
faster and economic production facilities, new soft technologies and inclusion of information technology in
new hard technologies [Mishra et al. (2012)].
Integration and pro-activity
To fulfil the customers‟ expectations manufacturers have to integrate themselves with them to identify their
problems and requirements. Apart from this, they must acquire capabilities just ahead of what may be the
need of today. In this way, pro-activity may lead to strategic advances for competing in the turbulence of the
global market [Mishra et al. (2012)].
V. CONCLUSION
Lack of Planning, Lack of top management commitment, Lack of Methodology, Unwillingness to learn
and see and Human Aspects are the main barriers or problems which can be faced while implementing the Lean
Manufacturing. These have already been discussed in the previous section.This paper shows that one the major
difficulties companies encounter in attempting to apply lean is not knowledge of particular tools and techniques,
perhaps lack of comprehensive and suitable lean knowledge related to probable problems within the companies
by the managers, direction, gap and a lack of recognition of lean culture in whole of the organization and
planning cause the fails within the implementations. Additionally, some managers try to enhance the
implementation by some of the lean tools and mostly try to only implement the "continuous improvement" and
explicitly forget another basic lean principle, "respect for people". The managers should know that lean thinking
won't derive during a short time, and they should prepare the context of implementations before every decision
making.
VI. SCOPE FOR THE FUTURE WORK
The ISM methodology is also helpful to understand mutual influences of barriers. It identifies those
barriers which support other barriers (driving barrier) and also those barriers which are most influenced by other
barriers (dependent barriers). The interrelationship between the barriers is important, without this we can‟t
further analyzed any barrier. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) methodology is used to evolve mutual
relationship among these barriers. ISM will provide the Initial or base model which will be further used for the
experimental work.
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