This document contains a chemical engineering exam from November 2007 with 8 multiple choice questions covering various topics in chemical reaction engineering. The questions involve calculations related to batch and plug flow reactor kinetics, determination of rate constants and rate equations from experimental data, sizing of reactors, and specification of reaction conditions.
This document discusses reactor design for single chemical reactions. It compares the size and performance of batch, mixed flow, and plug flow reactors. For single reactions where product distribution is fixed, plug flow reactors generally require less volume than mixed flow reactors to achieve the same conversion. The size ratio of mixed to plug flow reactors depends on the reaction order and conversion level. Connecting reactors in series improves performance by making the flow more plug-like.
1) Conversion and reactor sizing for different reactor types such as batch, CSTR, PFR and reactors in series are discussed. Key equations for calculating conversion and sizing reactors given reaction rate data are presented.
2) Examples are provided to calculate the volume of a CSTR and PFR needed to achieve 80% conversion of a reactant based on rate data, and to compare the required volumes between reactor types.
3) For an isothermal reaction, a CSTR typically requires a larger volume than a PFR to achieve the same conversion due to operating at the lowest reaction rate throughout the reactor.
This document summarizes a lecture on chemical reactor design. It introduces different types of reactors including batch, plug flow, mixed flow, and semibatch reactors. It provides equations for modeling ideal reactors and describes how to account for material and energy balances. It compares reactor performance based on conversion and discusses optimal configurations for multiple reactors in series and parallel. Density effects and different order reactions are also addressed.
This document contains information about an autocatalytic reaction presentation including:
1) Names and details of five students attending Sharif College of Engineering and Technology.
2) An introduction to autocatalytic reactions which increase in rate as the product forms until the reactant is consumed.
3) Examples of autocatalytic reactions including fermentation and exothermic combustion reactions.
4) Design equations and methods for sizing autocatalytic reactors with and without recycle.
This document outlines the course contents, objectives, and topics for a Chemical Reaction Engineering course. The course will cover topics such as kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, reactor design including batch, mixed flow, plug flow, and catalytic reactors. Students will learn how to develop rate expressions and design industrial reactors by applying principles of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. The objective is to provide an in-depth understanding of commonly used chemical reactor designs.
This document discusses reactor design for multiple reactions. It describes types of reactors including batch, semi-batch, plug flow, and continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs). It also covers parameters for reactor design like volume, flow rate, concentrations, kinetics, temperature, and pressure. The document discusses plug flow versus CSTR design and designing for parallel, series, and complex reaction networks. It provides methods for maximizing desired products in multiple reaction systems, including adjusting conditions, choosing proper contacting patterns and reactors, and optimizing space-time or residence time. The document also presents equations for modeling multiple reactions occurring in a CSTR.
This document provides equations and design procedures for sizing continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR) based on conversion data. It reviews how to determine the required volume of each reactor type to achieve a specified conversion based on how the reaction rate depends on conversion. Numerical integration methods like Simpson's rule are presented for evaluating the necessary integrals to size PFRs and PBRs. Examples are also provided on calculating reactor volumes for a reaction occurring in series configurations of CSTRs and PFRs.
This document discusses reactor design for single chemical reactions. It compares the size and performance of batch, mixed flow, and plug flow reactors. For single reactions where product distribution is fixed, plug flow reactors generally require less volume than mixed flow reactors to achieve the same conversion. The size ratio of mixed to plug flow reactors depends on the reaction order and conversion level. Connecting reactors in series improves performance by making the flow more plug-like.
1) Conversion and reactor sizing for different reactor types such as batch, CSTR, PFR and reactors in series are discussed. Key equations for calculating conversion and sizing reactors given reaction rate data are presented.
2) Examples are provided to calculate the volume of a CSTR and PFR needed to achieve 80% conversion of a reactant based on rate data, and to compare the required volumes between reactor types.
3) For an isothermal reaction, a CSTR typically requires a larger volume than a PFR to achieve the same conversion due to operating at the lowest reaction rate throughout the reactor.
This document summarizes a lecture on chemical reactor design. It introduces different types of reactors including batch, plug flow, mixed flow, and semibatch reactors. It provides equations for modeling ideal reactors and describes how to account for material and energy balances. It compares reactor performance based on conversion and discusses optimal configurations for multiple reactors in series and parallel. Density effects and different order reactions are also addressed.
This document contains information about an autocatalytic reaction presentation including:
1) Names and details of five students attending Sharif College of Engineering and Technology.
2) An introduction to autocatalytic reactions which increase in rate as the product forms until the reactant is consumed.
3) Examples of autocatalytic reactions including fermentation and exothermic combustion reactions.
4) Design equations and methods for sizing autocatalytic reactors with and without recycle.
This document outlines the course contents, objectives, and topics for a Chemical Reaction Engineering course. The course will cover topics such as kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, reactor design including batch, mixed flow, plug flow, and catalytic reactors. Students will learn how to develop rate expressions and design industrial reactors by applying principles of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. The objective is to provide an in-depth understanding of commonly used chemical reactor designs.
This document discusses reactor design for multiple reactions. It describes types of reactors including batch, semi-batch, plug flow, and continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs). It also covers parameters for reactor design like volume, flow rate, concentrations, kinetics, temperature, and pressure. The document discusses plug flow versus CSTR design and designing for parallel, series, and complex reaction networks. It provides methods for maximizing desired products in multiple reaction systems, including adjusting conditions, choosing proper contacting patterns and reactors, and optimizing space-time or residence time. The document also presents equations for modeling multiple reactions occurring in a CSTR.
This document provides equations and design procedures for sizing continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), plug flow reactors (PFR), and packed bed reactors (PBR) based on conversion data. It reviews how to determine the required volume of each reactor type to achieve a specified conversion based on how the reaction rate depends on conversion. Numerical integration methods like Simpson's rule are presented for evaluating the necessary integrals to size PFRs and PBRs. Examples are also provided on calculating reactor volumes for a reaction occurring in series configurations of CSTRs and PFRs.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This document discusses reactor design for multiple reactions. It begins by describing types of reactors including batch, semi-batch, and continuous. Design parameters like volume, flow rate, concentrations, kinetics, temperature, and pressure are discussed for reactor selection. Equations for mixed flow and plug flow reactor design are presented. Plug flow reactors are generally smaller than continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for a given conversion. Methods for maximizing the desired product in parallel and series reactions include adjusting conditions like concentrations, temperatures, and choosing the proper reactor type. Multiple reactor systems with reactors in series or mixed flow reactors of different sizes can be used for high conversions that a single reactor cannot achieve.
This document discusses autocatalytic reactions and the design of autocatalytic reactors. It provides examples of autocatalytic reactions like fermentation and autothermal combustion. It also discusses:
1) The design equations for autocatalytic reactors with and without recycle are the same as recycle reactors. The integral method using rate curves is commonly used.
2) Plug flow reactors are more efficient than mixed flow reactors at high conversions for autocatalytic reactions. Recycle is useful when the feed is pure reactant.
3) For a case study reaction, the optimum recycle ratio is 0.462 at a conversion of 0.3, resulting in a reactor volume of
This document summarizes a lab experiment on the saponification reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate. The objectives were to determine the kinetic rate constants of the reaction at different temperatures. The apparatus, methods, theory, preliminary data and results, and conclusions are described briefly. The rate constants followed Arrhenius behavior and increased with temperature as expected.
This document discusses the properties and design considerations of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), also known as back-mixed reactors. It outlines key characteristics of CSTRs such as perfect mixing, uniform conditions throughout the reactor, and identical properties at the inlet and outlet. Advantages include low cost and easy temperature control. Disadvantages are lower reaction rates due to diluted reactant concentrations compared to the inlet. Mass and energy balances are derived and used to determine the reactor volume required for a given conversion based on kinetic data and operating conditions. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving for reactor size and temperature based on specified conversions.
Chemical reaction engineering involves designing chemical reactors to optimize reaction rates and yields. There are several factors that influence reaction rates, including concentration, temperature, and catalysts. Common reactor types include batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), and plug flow reactors. Reactors can be run in series or parallel to improve conversion levels. Residence time distribution is important for understanding flow patterns within real reactors.
This document discusses different types of chemical reactors, including plug flow reactors and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR). It provides information on their design considerations, advantages, disadvantages, and equations. Plug flow reactors allow minimal back mixing and each particle has the same residence time. CSTRs ensure proper mixing through the use of an impeller and assume perfect mixing. The document also provides examples of design equations for ideal reactors and discusses factors to consider for reactor selection like yield, cost, and safety.
The document discusses several types of chemical reactors, including recycle reactors, autocatalytic reactors, and considerations for optimizing reactor performance and operating conditions. It addresses recycle stream ratios, performance equations, temperature progression, and non-ideal flow concepts such as residence time distribution, states of aggregation, and mixing effects.
The document summarizes a study on the batch reactor formation of butyl acetate with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It provides the rate equation determined from the study. It also lists the reported densities of acetic acid, butanol, and butyl acetate at 100°C. Using the rate equation and an assumed constant density, it asks to calculate the time required for a 50% conversion.
These slides may be used for a part of Advanced level course in Chemical Reaction Engineering. I taught this course to Masters level students covering 1.5 credit hours.
This document discusses reactor design and chemical kinetics. It begins by describing ideal and real reactor types, including plug flow reactors and continuous stirred-tank reactors. It then discusses factors that influence reactor cost such as vessel material and size. The document also covers kinetic models for CSTR and PFR reactors and how they are used to determine reactor size and dynamics. It discusses various effects of temperature on kinetics and equilibrium in reactors. Finally, it provides an overview of how simulators can be used to model different reactor types and reactions.
This document discusses reaction rates for different phase systems in chemical reactions. It defines reaction rate as the rate at which a chemical loses its identity per unit time and volume. The symbol used for reaction rate is ri. Reaction rates are calculated differently depending on the phase system. For a fluid-solid system, the rate is calculated based on the mass of solid (ri*). For a gas-solid system on a unit surface area, it is calculated based on the surface area (ri**). If considering a gas-solid system based on the volume of solid, it is calculated using the volume of solid (ri***). Finally, the reaction rate can be calculated based on the volume of the entire reactor (ri****). The different definitions of
This document discusses non-ideal flow and residence time distribution (RTD) analysis for non-ideal reactors. It begins by describing deviations from ideal reactor behavior, such as dead zones and bypassing, and how these affect residence times. It then covers RTD concepts like E(t), F(t), and normalized E(θ) curves. Measurement of RTD using tracers is described. Ideal reactor RTDs and models for non-ideal reactors like segregation and tanks-in-series are presented. The document stresses that RTD alone may not characterize non-ideal reactors and that flow models are also needed to analyze performance.
Feasibility study of mtbe physical adsorption from polluted water on gac, pac...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Feasibility study of mtbe physical adsorption from polluted water on gac, pac...eSAT Journals
Abstract MTBE or Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether is an organic compound, which is used to increase the gasoline Octane Number. At the beginning of 80’s, by discovering the undesirable effects of tetra ethyl lead usage in fuel, MTBE started to be used worldwide. But gradually the undesirable effects of MTBE on environment had been revealed. There are many technologies for MTBE removal from polluted water. Adsorption is the most conventional and economical technology. In this research, some experiments have been done for studying the adsorption of MTBE on different solid adsorbent in batch process. In these experiments a fixed amount of adsorbents including Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) and the Husk Rice Carbon (HRC) have been put in different one litter covered vessels containing water polluted with known initial MTBE concentration and stirring them. By measuring MTBE concentration in the vessel at different times the effect of different operating parameters such as temperature and pH have been studied on adsorption and optimum condition have been determined. The batch experimental results have been used to calculate the constant parameters of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations for these systems. Keywords: MTBE, Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Husk Rice Carbon
This document summarizes computational chemistry research on 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent molecules. Gaussian '09 was used to optimize molecule structures in gas phase and aqueous solution, and calculate atomic charges. Results showed oxygen charges became more negative from O1 to O3, and group "b" molecules had the most negative oxygen charges. Carbon charges varied without pattern, but C1 was consistently partially negative and C2 partially positive for group "b" molecules. The goal is to develop chemiluminescent probes for detecting cancer cells.
Simulation of Chemical Rectors - Introduction to chemical process simulators ...CAChemE
Learn the fundamentals of any chemical process simulator software by means of free and open source software as an alternative to Aspen, Aspen HYSYS, etc. We will be using DWSIM (open source and free) and COCO Simulator (freeware) for this course. Material is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
You can find more learning material for chemical engineers in http://CAChemE.org
The document discusses different reactor designs including plug flow reactors, continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) alone and in series, and provides an example problem calculating the total volume of two CSTRs in series needed to achieve 80% conversion given 40% conversion in the first reactor. It also lists additional practice problems involving designing systems using single and multiple CSTRs and PFRs arranged in series and parallel to achieve various conversions.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of catalyticJhonatan Soto
This document summarizes a study on dynamic modeling and simulation of catalytic naphtha reforming. The dynamic model developed includes reaction kinetics, heat exchanger models, and furnace models. Kinetic modeling of the fixed bed reactors connected in series forms the core of the simulation. Reaction rates are represented using Hougen-Watson Langmuir-Hinshelwood expressions. Simulation results using MATLAB show fair agreement with plant data. The model can capture major dynamics in the reforming process system.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
Chemical reaction engineering handbook of solved problemsJuan Monroy
This document describes a new type of battery that is safer and longer lasting than current lithium-ion batteries. The battery replaces the flammable liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte made of ceramics and polymers. It maintains the same energy density and power as lithium-ion batteries, but the solid electrolyte prevents short circuits and allows faster charging. The solid-state battery prototype demonstrated stability over hundreds of charge-discharge cycles, showing its potential to improve electric vehicles and consumer electronics.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This document discusses reactor design for multiple reactions. It begins by describing types of reactors including batch, semi-batch, and continuous. Design parameters like volume, flow rate, concentrations, kinetics, temperature, and pressure are discussed for reactor selection. Equations for mixed flow and plug flow reactor design are presented. Plug flow reactors are generally smaller than continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for a given conversion. Methods for maximizing the desired product in parallel and series reactions include adjusting conditions like concentrations, temperatures, and choosing the proper reactor type. Multiple reactor systems with reactors in series or mixed flow reactors of different sizes can be used for high conversions that a single reactor cannot achieve.
This document discusses autocatalytic reactions and the design of autocatalytic reactors. It provides examples of autocatalytic reactions like fermentation and autothermal combustion. It also discusses:
1) The design equations for autocatalytic reactors with and without recycle are the same as recycle reactors. The integral method using rate curves is commonly used.
2) Plug flow reactors are more efficient than mixed flow reactors at high conversions for autocatalytic reactions. Recycle is useful when the feed is pure reactant.
3) For a case study reaction, the optimum recycle ratio is 0.462 at a conversion of 0.3, resulting in a reactor volume of
This document summarizes a lab experiment on the saponification reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate. The objectives were to determine the kinetic rate constants of the reaction at different temperatures. The apparatus, methods, theory, preliminary data and results, and conclusions are described briefly. The rate constants followed Arrhenius behavior and increased with temperature as expected.
This document discusses the properties and design considerations of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), also known as back-mixed reactors. It outlines key characteristics of CSTRs such as perfect mixing, uniform conditions throughout the reactor, and identical properties at the inlet and outlet. Advantages include low cost and easy temperature control. Disadvantages are lower reaction rates due to diluted reactant concentrations compared to the inlet. Mass and energy balances are derived and used to determine the reactor volume required for a given conversion based on kinetic data and operating conditions. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving for reactor size and temperature based on specified conversions.
Chemical reaction engineering involves designing chemical reactors to optimize reaction rates and yields. There are several factors that influence reaction rates, including concentration, temperature, and catalysts. Common reactor types include batch, continuous stirred-tank (CSTR), and plug flow reactors. Reactors can be run in series or parallel to improve conversion levels. Residence time distribution is important for understanding flow patterns within real reactors.
This document discusses different types of chemical reactors, including plug flow reactors and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR). It provides information on their design considerations, advantages, disadvantages, and equations. Plug flow reactors allow minimal back mixing and each particle has the same residence time. CSTRs ensure proper mixing through the use of an impeller and assume perfect mixing. The document also provides examples of design equations for ideal reactors and discusses factors to consider for reactor selection like yield, cost, and safety.
The document discusses several types of chemical reactors, including recycle reactors, autocatalytic reactors, and considerations for optimizing reactor performance and operating conditions. It addresses recycle stream ratios, performance equations, temperature progression, and non-ideal flow concepts such as residence time distribution, states of aggregation, and mixing effects.
The document summarizes a study on the batch reactor formation of butyl acetate with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It provides the rate equation determined from the study. It also lists the reported densities of acetic acid, butanol, and butyl acetate at 100°C. Using the rate equation and an assumed constant density, it asks to calculate the time required for a 50% conversion.
These slides may be used for a part of Advanced level course in Chemical Reaction Engineering. I taught this course to Masters level students covering 1.5 credit hours.
This document discusses reactor design and chemical kinetics. It begins by describing ideal and real reactor types, including plug flow reactors and continuous stirred-tank reactors. It then discusses factors that influence reactor cost such as vessel material and size. The document also covers kinetic models for CSTR and PFR reactors and how they are used to determine reactor size and dynamics. It discusses various effects of temperature on kinetics and equilibrium in reactors. Finally, it provides an overview of how simulators can be used to model different reactor types and reactions.
This document discusses reaction rates for different phase systems in chemical reactions. It defines reaction rate as the rate at which a chemical loses its identity per unit time and volume. The symbol used for reaction rate is ri. Reaction rates are calculated differently depending on the phase system. For a fluid-solid system, the rate is calculated based on the mass of solid (ri*). For a gas-solid system on a unit surface area, it is calculated based on the surface area (ri**). If considering a gas-solid system based on the volume of solid, it is calculated using the volume of solid (ri***). Finally, the reaction rate can be calculated based on the volume of the entire reactor (ri****). The different definitions of
This document discusses non-ideal flow and residence time distribution (RTD) analysis for non-ideal reactors. It begins by describing deviations from ideal reactor behavior, such as dead zones and bypassing, and how these affect residence times. It then covers RTD concepts like E(t), F(t), and normalized E(θ) curves. Measurement of RTD using tracers is described. Ideal reactor RTDs and models for non-ideal reactors like segregation and tanks-in-series are presented. The document stresses that RTD alone may not characterize non-ideal reactors and that flow models are also needed to analyze performance.
Feasibility study of mtbe physical adsorption from polluted water on gac, pac...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Feasibility study of mtbe physical adsorption from polluted water on gac, pac...eSAT Journals
Abstract MTBE or Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether is an organic compound, which is used to increase the gasoline Octane Number. At the beginning of 80’s, by discovering the undesirable effects of tetra ethyl lead usage in fuel, MTBE started to be used worldwide. But gradually the undesirable effects of MTBE on environment had been revealed. There are many technologies for MTBE removal from polluted water. Adsorption is the most conventional and economical technology. In this research, some experiments have been done for studying the adsorption of MTBE on different solid adsorbent in batch process. In these experiments a fixed amount of adsorbents including Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) and the Husk Rice Carbon (HRC) have been put in different one litter covered vessels containing water polluted with known initial MTBE concentration and stirring them. By measuring MTBE concentration in the vessel at different times the effect of different operating parameters such as temperature and pH have been studied on adsorption and optimum condition have been determined. The batch experimental results have been used to calculate the constant parameters of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations for these systems. Keywords: MTBE, Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Husk Rice Carbon
This document summarizes computational chemistry research on 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent molecules. Gaussian '09 was used to optimize molecule structures in gas phase and aqueous solution, and calculate atomic charges. Results showed oxygen charges became more negative from O1 to O3, and group "b" molecules had the most negative oxygen charges. Carbon charges varied without pattern, but C1 was consistently partially negative and C2 partially positive for group "b" molecules. The goal is to develop chemiluminescent probes for detecting cancer cells.
Simulation of Chemical Rectors - Introduction to chemical process simulators ...CAChemE
Learn the fundamentals of any chemical process simulator software by means of free and open source software as an alternative to Aspen, Aspen HYSYS, etc. We will be using DWSIM (open source and free) and COCO Simulator (freeware) for this course. Material is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
You can find more learning material for chemical engineers in http://CAChemE.org
The document discusses different reactor designs including plug flow reactors, continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) alone and in series, and provides an example problem calculating the total volume of two CSTRs in series needed to achieve 80% conversion given 40% conversion in the first reactor. It also lists additional practice problems involving designing systems using single and multiple CSTRs and PFRs arranged in series and parallel to achieve various conversions.
Dynamic modeling and simulation of catalyticJhonatan Soto
This document summarizes a study on dynamic modeling and simulation of catalytic naphtha reforming. The dynamic model developed includes reaction kinetics, heat exchanger models, and furnace models. Kinetic modeling of the fixed bed reactors connected in series forms the core of the simulation. Reaction rates are represented using Hougen-Watson Langmuir-Hinshelwood expressions. Simulation results using MATLAB show fair agreement with plant data. The model can capture major dynamics in the reforming process system.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
Chemical reaction engineering handbook of solved problemsJuan Monroy
This document describes a new type of battery that is safer and longer lasting than current lithium-ion batteries. The battery replaces the flammable liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte made of ceramics and polymers. It maintains the same energy density and power as lithium-ion batteries, but the solid electrolyte prevents short circuits and allows faster charging. The solid-state battery prototype demonstrated stability over hundreds of charge-discharge cycles, showing its potential to improve electric vehicles and consumer electronics.
Hi All,
These are my CRE (Chemical Reaction Engineering) hand written notes when I was preparing for GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) in 2002 for Chemical Engineering. The current document forms the unsolved problems from 3rd chapter of book on CRE from Octave Levenspiel.
I plan to share most of the stuff I prepared for the GATE exam. My best wishes to those preparing !
The document contains handwritten notes from Ganesh Visavale of LearnCAx on chemical reaction engineering for GATE preparation. The notes cover topics like constant volume batch reactor derivations and introductions over 14 pages with references to textbooks.
Interpretation from Batch Reactor Data: Problem SolvingiMentor Education
Hi All,
These are my CRE (Chemical Reaction Engineering) hand written notes when I was preparing for GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) in 2002 for Chemical Engineering. The current document forms the third chapter of book on CRE from Octave Levenspiel.
I plan to share most of the stuff I prepared for the GATE exam. My best wishes to those preparing !
C H E M I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G T H E R M O D Y N A M I C S I J N T U...guest3f9c6b
This document appears to be a set of exam questions for a Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics course. It includes 8 questions related to various thermodynamics concepts like:
1) Defining work, internal energy, kinetic energy and potential energy. Calculating potential energy of water falling from a height.
2) Computing degrees of freedom for different chemical systems.
3) Defining ideal gas and related assumptions, as well as isothermal compressibility and coefficient of volume expansion.
4) Calculating exit velocity of steam through a nozzle using given parameters.
5) Judging whether claims about a hypothetical heat engine's operation are acceptable.
6) Calculating entropy changes for water brought into
Chemicalengineeringthermodynamics I Jntu Btech 2008 Jntu Model Paper{Www.Stud...guest3f9c6b
The document appears to be a set of exam questions for a Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics course. It contains 8 questions across 4 pages covering various thermodynamics topics:
1) The first question defines terms like work, internal energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy. It also asks about the potential energy of water falling from a height.
2) Other questions ask about degrees of freedom in systems, properties of ideal gases, nozzle flow calculations, heat engine claims, entropy changes, refrigeration plant calculations, availability, and equations of state.
3) The questions cover a wide range of foundational thermodynamics concepts including the first and second laws, open and closed systems, heat and work interactions, refrig
Chemical engineering thermo dynamics Ii Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
1. Water and a liquid mixture of propane and butane enter a vaporizer at 50°C and leave as vapors at 175°C. Hourly inputs are 25 kg water, 350 kg propane, and 550 kg butane.
2. Latent heats of vaporization and other thermodynamic properties are provided for each component.
3. The heat requirement of the vaporizer is estimated by calculating the heat needed to vaporize each component based on its latent heat of vaporization and mass flow rate, assuming vaporization occurs at each component's normal boiling point.
12302 Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineeringguestac67362
This document contains information about an exam for a Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering course for Bio-Technology students. It provides 8 questions that students can answer, each with multiple parts. The questions cover topics like RMS values, DC machines, semiconductor physics, rectifiers, transistors, amplifiers, oscillators, and binary conversions. Students must answer 5 of the 8 questions and have 3 hours to complete the exam, which is out of a maximum of 80 marks.
12302 Basic Electrical And Electronics Engineeringguestd436758
This document contains questions from an exam on basic electrical and electronics engineering. It is divided into 8 sections, each containing 2-3 questions on topics like:
- Calculating RMS values, current, resistance and power in DC circuits
- Components, principles and comparisons of DC motors and transformers
- Operation of PN junction diodes and their dynamic resistance
- Half wave and full wave rectifiers including calculations of output values
- Input/output characteristics and operating points of transistor circuits
- Classifications and workings of amplifiers including push-pull configurations
- Applications and effects of operational amplifiers
- Boolean logic expressions and implementations using gates
Basic Electronics Jntu Btech 2008 Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
This document contains 8 questions related to Basic Electronics for a semester exam. The questions cover topics such as semiconductors, rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, timers, ultrasonic waves, and A/D converters. Students are instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, which contain sub-questions related to circuit diagrams and explanations of electronics concepts and devices.
Basic Electronics Jntu Btech 2008 Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
This document contains questions for an exam on Basic Electronics. It includes 8 questions, each with 2-3 subparts. The questions cover topics such as semiconductors, rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, timers, transducers, and analog-to-digital converters. For each question, students are asked to explain concepts, draw circuits, analyze characteristics, and calculate values.
This document contains 8 questions related to Basic Electronics for a semester exam. The questions cover topics such as semiconductors, rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, timers, ultrasonic waves, and A/D converters. Students are instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, which contain sub-questions related to circuit diagrams and explanations of electronics concepts and devices.
M A S S T R A N S F E R O P E R A T I O N S I J N T U M O D E L P A P E...guest3f9c6b
This document contains questions from a Mass Transfer Operations exam. It includes 8 questions related to various mass transfer topics like classification of mass transfer operations, diffusion, distillation design, and mass transfer correlations. The questions involve calculations related to diffusion rates, mass transfer coefficients, distillation column design parameters, and phase equilibrium data.
Mass Transfer Operations I Jntu Model Paper{Www.Studentyogi.Com}guest3f9c6b
This document contains questions from a Mass Transfer Operations exam. It includes 8 questions related to various mass transfer topics like classification of mass transfer operations, diffusion, distillation design, and mass transfer correlations. The questions involve calculations related to diffusion rates, mass transfer coefficients, distillation column design parameters, and phase equilibrium data.
1. The document appears to contain 8 questions related to physical chemistry for a B.Tech supplementary exam. The questions cover topics like solvent extraction, phase diagrams, explosion limits, protective colloids, ionic solutions, heat of neutralization, photochemical decomposition, reaction mechanisms, and polarography techniques.
2. Several questions ask students to explain terms, reactions, theories or experimental methods in physical chemistry. Others involve applying concepts to specific examples or systems.
3. The questions address a range of physical chemistry topics and require students to demonstrate their understanding of concepts as well as their ability to apply these concepts to analyze systems or experimental data.
M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G J N T U M O D E L P A P E R{Wwwguest3f9c6b
The document is a practice exam for a Mechanical Engineering course. It contains 8 questions across 4 sets covering topics in thermodynamics, heat engines, compressors, and mechanical drives. The questions involve calculations related to processes, cycles, efficiencies, and power transmission. They require applying thermodynamic laws, cycles, and equations as well as mechanical drive concepts like pulleys, belts, gears and bearings.
This experiment involves conducting a saponification reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethyl acetate (Et(Ac)) in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to determine the effect of residence time on conversion. A calibration curve will be prepared to relate conductivity measurements to conversion values for the 0.1M NaOH and 0.1M Et(Ac) reaction. The objectives are to determine conversion, the reaction rate constant, and the effect of residence time on conversion.
This document appears to be an exam for the Caribbean Examinations Council's Advanced Proficiency Examination in Chemistry. It consists of 9 questions across 3 modules testing knowledge of topics including stoichiometry, bonding, thermodynamics, organic chemistry, polymers, and spectroscopy. The exam instructs students to answer all questions, show all working, and allows the use of a non-programmable calculator and data booklet. It is copyrighted material from 2004.
This document contains 10 questions related to chemical reaction engineering concepts like reactors, reaction rates, conversions, and calculations. Question 1 defines reaction order and reactor types. Question 2 discusses general mole and mass balances. Question 3 provides an example calculation for a batch reactor. The remaining questions provide data and ask the reader to calculate volumes, draw graphs, and analyze reactor performance for continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug flow reactors (PFRs) operating under various conditions.
1. The document describes a gas-phase reaction taking place in a PFR reactor. Conversion of reactant A is plotted against reactor volume. The summary asks to determine temperature and concentration of A at the midpoint and exit of the reactor.
2. A liquid-phase consecutive reaction involving species A, B, and C is described. The summary asks to derive expressions for the concentrations of each species as functions of time.
3. A first-order reversible liquid reaction is carried out in a CSTR. The summary asks to determine the residence time needed for 80% of the equilibrium conversion.
This document contains 8 thermodynamics practice problems and their solutions. It provides details on processes like polytropic expansion, steam turbine cycles, gas mixtures, calorimetry, refrigeration cycles, internal energy, and more. The problems cover concepts in closed, open and isolated systems, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and applying thermodynamic equations to calculate work, heat and efficiency.
This document contains information about thermodynamic properties and processes. It includes a table with temperature and enthalpy values for water and ammonia. It also contains exam questions on various thermodynamic cycles and concepts like the Otto cycle, diesel cycle, refrigeration, and gas turbines. Key topics covered include ideal gas processes, heat engines, refrigerators, availability analysis, and the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
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How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
C H E M I C A L R E A C T I O N E N G I N E E R I N G I J N T U M O D E L P A P E R{Www
1. www.studentyogi.com www.studentyogi.com
Code No: R05310805
Set No. 1
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-I
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. The activation energy for the decomposition of 2 5 is 24630 cal/g mole (103
kJ/mole).
(a) What will be the ratio of their rates at 00C and 250C (the rate being measured
at the same concentration of reactant)?
(b) If the rate constant of the reaction at 250C is 0.002 min-1 calculate the rate
constant for the reaction at 500C [8+8]
2. A constant density rst order reaction A P is carried out in a batch reactor.
Data obtained are given as:
Time(sec) 30 60 90 120 150 180 600
Concentration of A ( 3) 0.74 0.55 0.42 0.29 0.24 0.16 0.0025
If A0 = 1 3, calculate the rate constant for the reaction. Also calculate
time required for 50% conversion. [12+4]
3. (a) Find the rst order rate constant for the disappearance of A in the gas reac-
tion 2A R if, on holding the pressure constant, the volume of the reaction
mixture, starting with 80% A, decreases by 20% in 3 minutes.
(b) Explain the method of isolation and metho d of initial rates for the analysis of
batch reactor data. [10+6]
4. An aqueous feed containing A (1 mol/liter) enters a 2-liter plug ow reactor and
reacts away (2 - A = 0 05 2 A mol/liter.sec). Find the outlet concentration
of A for a feed rate of 0.5 liter/min. [16]
5. It is desired to produce 200 million pounds per year of ethylene glycol. The reactor
is to be operated isothermally. A one lbmole/ft3 solution of ethylene oxide in water
is feed to the reactor together with an equal volumetric solution of water contains
0.9 wt% of H2SO4. If 80% conversion is to be achieved, determine the necessary
reactor volume? How many 800 - gal reactors would be required if they are arranged
in series? [16]
6. The parallel decomposition of A, CAO = 2. as given in the gure 6.
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 1
Find the maximum expected CS for isothermal operations in a mixed ow reactor.
[16]
7. Starting with separate feeds of reactant A and B of given concentration, for the
competitive consecutive reactions with stoichiometry and rate as shown:
+ D esired
+ U nwanted
Sketch the contacting patterns for both continuous and non continuous operations.
(a) 1 = 1 A 2
[8]
B2=2RB
(b) 1 = 1 A B 2 = 2 R 2
[8]
B
8. For the elementary reaction system
298 = -14130
298 = -75 300 PA = P R = = 250 0
(a) Find space time needed for 60% conversion of a feed of AO=1000mol/min,
here AO=4mol/lit, using the optimum temperature progression in the Plug
Flow Reactor between00 C and 1000 C.
(b) Find the exit temperature of uid from the reactor [8+8]
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-I
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Show that the following scheme
k1
25 2+* 3
k2
* - k3 + 2
*
3
*+* - k4 2
2
3
Proposed by R. Ogg, is consistent with, and can explain the observed rst order
decomposition of 2 5 [16]
2. (a) For the reaction A R, second order kinetics and A0 = 1 mol/liter, we get
50% conversion after 1 hour in a batch reactor. What will be the conversion
and concentration of A after 1 hour if A0=10 mol/liter?
(b) For the decomposition A R, A0 = 1 mol/liter, in a batch reactor conversion
is 75% after 1 hour, and is just complete after 2 hours. Find a rate equation
to represent these kinetics. [8+8]
3. Experimental studies of speci c decomposition of A in a batch reactor using pres-
sure units show exactly the same rate at two di erent temperatures:
At 400K -rA= 2 3p2
A
At 500K -rA= 2 3p2
A
Where - A = [ 3 ] and A= [atm]
(a) Evaluate the activation using these units.
(b) Transform the rate expressions into concentration units and then evaluate the
activation energy.
The pressure is not excessive, so the ideal gas law can be used. [4+12]
4. An aqueous reaction is being studied in a laboratory-size steady-state ow system.
The reactor is a ask whose contents (5 liters of uid) are well stirred and uniform
in composition. The stoichiometry of the reaction is A 2R, and reactant A is
introduced at a concentration of 1 mol/liter. Results of the experimental investi-
gation are summarized in the table. Find a rate expression for this reaction. [16]
Run Feed rate, Temperature Concentration of R
3/sec of run, 0C in e uent, mol/liter
1 2 13 1.8
2 15 13 1.5
3 15 84 1.8
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 2
5. A liquid reactant stream (1 mol/lit) passes through two mixed ow reactors in
series. The concentration of A in the exit of the rst reactor is 0.5mol/lit nd the
concentration in the exit of the second reactor.
(a) The reaction is rst order with respect to A and the volume ratio of reactors
2 1= 4.
(b) The reaction is zero order with respect to A and 1 2= 0.7. [8+8]
6. Consider the parallel decomposition of A of di erent orders as given in the gure6
Figure 6
Determine the maximum concentration of desired pro ductobtainable in:
(a) Plug ow reactor
(b) Mixed ow reactor, where S is the desired product and CAO =4. [8+8]
7. For the 1st order reactions k1 - k2
- taking place in a plug ow reactor
[16]
derive the expressions for Rm ax & Pop t
8. (a) Discuss about equilibrium conversions for exothermic and endothermic reac-
tions carried out adiabatically?
(b) Explain the procedure for obtaining the optimum feed temperature graphi-
cally? [8+8]
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-I
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Show that the following scheme
k1
25 2+* 3
k2
* - k3 + 2
*
3
*+* - k4 2
2
3
Proposed by R. Ogg, is consistent with, and can explain the observed rst order
decomposition of 2 5 [16]
2. In the presence of a homogenous catalyst of given concentration, aqueous reactant
A is converted to product at the following rates, and A alone determines this rate:
A,mol/liter 1 2 4 6 7 9 12
- Amol/liter.hr 0.06 0.1 0.25 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.5
We plan to run this reaction in a batch reactor at the same catalyst concentration
as used in getting the above data. Find the time needed to lower the concentration
of A from A0 = 10 mol/liter to Af = 2 mol/liter. [16]
3. (a) A gas phase reaction 2A 3B + C is carried out in a variable volume batch
reactor. The reaction follows second order kinetics with reaction velocity
constant 0.05 3/kmol.s and initial concentration 0.05 kmol/ 3. Calculate
time required for 50% conversion of A.
(b) Explain the method of least squares and the method of excess for analysis of
batch reactor data. [10+6]
4. A stream of pure gaseous reactant A ( A0 = 660 mmol/liter) enters a plug ow
reactor at a ow rate of A0 = 540 mmol/min and polymerizes there as follows: 3A
R, - A = 54 mmol liter. min . How large a reactor is needed to lower the concentration
of A in the exit stream to Af = 330 mmol/liter? [16]
5. It is desired to produce 200 million pounds per year of ethylene glycol. The reactor
is to be operated isothermally. A one lbmole/ft3 solution of ethylene oxide in water
is feed to the reactor together with an equal volumetric solution of water contains
0.9 wt% of 2 4. If 80% conversion is to be achieved, determine the necessary
reactor volume? How many 800 - gal reactors would be required if they are arranged
in parallel? [16]
6. Substance A in a liquid reacts to produce R and S as follows gure6:
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 3
Figure 6
A feed (CAO=1, CRO=0, CSO=0) enters two mixed ow reactors in series ( 1=2.5
min, 2=5 min). Knowing the composition in the rst reactor (CA1=0.4, CR1=0.4,
CS1=0.2), nd the composition leaving the second reactor. [16]
7. The liquid phase reaction of aniline with ethanol produces wanted mono ethylaniline
and unwanted diethylaniline.
- C6H5NHC2H5+H2O
C6H5NH2+C2H5OH k1 H2 SO4
- C6H5N(C2H5)2+H2O
C6H5NHC2H5+C2H5OH k2 H2 SO4
1 = 0 25 2
(a) An equimolar feed is introduced in to a batch reactor, and reaction is allowed
to proceed to completion. Find the concentration of reactants and products
at the end of the reaction? [8]
(b) Find the ratio of mono to diethylaniline produced in a MFR for an alcohol to
aniline feed ratio of 2 to 1 for 70% conversion of alcohol. [8]
8. Using optimum temperature progression in a mixed ow reactor for the reaction
between 00 C and 1000 C 298 = -75 300
298 = -14 130 P A = PR =
= 250 0
(a) Calculate the size of reactor is needed for 80% conversion when AO=4mol/lit,
AO=1000mol/min.
(b) What is the heat duty if feed enters at 25OC and product is to be withdrawn
at this temperature? P A is 250 cal/molA.K. [8+8]
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-I
(Chemical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. Chemicals A, B, D combine to give R and S with stoichiometry A+B+D=R+S,
and after the reaction has proceeded to a signi cant extent, the observed rate is
R=ABDR
(a) What is the order of the reaction?
(b) The following two mechanisms involving formation of active intermediate have
been proposed to explain the observed kinetics
Mechanism-I:
A + B Y* +
+*
Mechanism-II:
A + D X* +
+*
Are the mechanisms consistent with the kinetic data?
(c) If neither is consistent, device a scheme that is consistent with the kinetics. If
only one is consistent, what line of investigation may strengthen the conviction
that the mechanism selected is correct? If both are consistent, how would you
be able to cho ose between them? [2+8+6]
2. (a) After 8 minutes in the batch reactor, reactant ( A0 =1mol/liter) is 80% con-
verted; after 18 minutes the conversion is 90%. Find a rate equation to repre-
sent this nd the rate equation to represent this reaction.
(b) Give a detailed account of autocatalytic reactions. [8+8]
3. (a) Find the rst order rate constant for the disappearance of A in the gas reac-
tion 2A R if, on holding the pressure constant, the volume of the reaction
mixture, starting with 80% A, decreases by 20% in 3 minutes.
(b) Explain the method of isolation and metho d of initial rates for the analysis of
batch reactor data. [10+6]
4. An aqueous reaction is being studied in a laboratory-size steady-state ow system.
The reactor is a ask whose contents (5 liters of uid) are well stirred and uniform
in composition. The stoichiometry of the reaction is A 2R, and reactant A is
introduced at a concentration of 1 mol/liter. Results of the experimental investi-
gation are summarized in the table. Find a rate expression for this reaction. [16]
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Code No: R05310805
Set No. 4
Run Feed rate, Temperature Concentration of R
3/sec of run, 0C in e uent, mol/liter
1 2 13 1.8
2 15 13 1.5
3 15 84 1.8
5. Substance A reacts according to elementary autocatalytic reaction A+R R+R,
k=4 lit/mol.min. We plan to processFAO =2 mol/min of a feed consisting of A
alone [CAO =2 mol/lit, CRO =0] to 99% conversion in a recycle reactor. Find the
recycle rate which will minimize the size of reactor needed and determine this size.
Compare this optimum size with a reactor with recycle ratio of in nity. [16]
6. Substance A in the liquid phase produces R and S by the following reactions as in
gure 6
Figure 6
The feed (CAO =1, CRO=0, CSO=0.3) enters two mixed ow reactors in series
( 1=2.5 min, 2=5 min ). Knowing the composition in the rst reactor (CA1=0.4,
CR1=0.2, CS1=0.7), nd the composition leaving the second reactor. [16]
7. Under appropriate conditions A decomposes as follows k1 - k2
- , where
1= 0.1/min, 2= 0.1/min. R is to be produced from 1000 lit/hr of feed in which
AO = 1 mol/lit, RO = SO = 0. What size of plug ow reactor will maximize
the concentration of R and what is that concentration in the e uent stream from
this reactor? [16]
8. Using optimum temperature progression in a mixed ow reactor for the reaction
between 00 C and 1000 C 298 = -75 300
298 = -14 130 P A = PR =
= 250 0
(a) Calculate the size of reactor is needed for 80% conversion when AO=4mol/lit,
AO=1000mol/min.
(b) What is the heat duty if feed enters at 25OC and product is to be withdrawn
at this temperature? P A is 250 cal/molA.K. [8+8]