This document appears to be an exam for the Caribbean Examinations Council's Advanced Proficiency Examination in Chemistry. It consists of 9 questions across 3 modules testing knowledge of topics including stoichiometry, bonding, thermodynamics, organic chemistry, polymers, and spectroscopy. The exam instructs students to answer all questions, show all working, and allows the use of a non-programmable calculator and data booklet. It is copyrighted material from 2004.
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Dear Students/Parents
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
We at 'Apex Institute' are committed to provide our students best quality education with ethics. Moving in this direction, we have decided that unlike other expensive and 5star facility type institutes who are huge investors and advertisers, we shall not invest huge amount of money in advertisements. It shall rather be invested on the betterment, enhancement of quality and resources at our center.
We are just looking forward to have 'word-of-mouth' publicity instead. Because, there is only a satisfied student and his/her parents can judge an institute's quality and it's faculty members coaching.
Those coaching institutes, who are investing highly on advertisements, are actually, wasting their money on it, in a sense. Rather, the money should be invested on highly experienced faculty members and on teaching gears.
We all at 'Apex' are taking this initiative to improve the quality of education along-with each student's development and growth.
Committed to excellence...
With best wishes.
S . Iqbal
( Motivator & Mentor)
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. ,a _x
lnt a.-
IY^ I
'1-/ rESr coDE 02112010
--l
MAY/JUNE 2006
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
FORM TP 2006183
ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
CHEMISTRY
UNITl-PAPEROl
t hour 45 minutes
candidates are advised to use the first 15 minutes for reading through
this paper carefully. Writing may begin during this time.
l
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
1. This paper consists of NINE questions.
2- There are THREE questions from each Module. Answer ALL questions.
3. Write answers in this booklet.
4- ALL working must be shown in this booklet.
5. The use of non-programmable calculators is permitted.
6. A data booklet is provided.
Copyright @ 2004 Caribbean Examinations Council @.
All rights reserved.
I
' 0211201O/CAPE/F 2006
I
2. t.
MODULE 1
Answer ALL questions.
A sample of titanium gives the mass spectrum shown in Figure 1.
100
80
60
40
20
0
46 m/e ratio
Figure I
Calculate the relative atomic mass A of titanium.
q)
(,,
s
(a)
o)
[ 2 marks]
determine the number of
Use the data booklet and the mass spectrum given above to
protons and neutrons of the most abundant isotope of titanium.
[ 3 marks]
(c) Using S, p, d, f notation, write the electronic configuration of titanium.
Ilmark]
o2rlz0rotcAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
-2-
3. (e)
-3-
(d) Draw the shapes of the orbitals of principal quantum number n = 2 in the titanium atom.
[ 2 marks]
Another isotope of titanium, slTi, de"uys by 0 -emission. A p-particle has no mass and a
single negative charge. Write an equation to represent the decay of a
5lTi atom.
[ 2 marks]
Total l0 marks
Table I below gives the bond angles in molecules of ammonia and water, and the boiling point of
each of these substances.
TABLE I: BOND ANGLEAND BOILING POINT OFAMMONIAAND WATER
Ammonia
Water
Bond angle Boiling point / "C
107"
104.5"
-31
100
(a) Sketch the shape of BOTH the water and ammonia molecules.
[ 2 marks]
(b) Explain the difference in the
(i) bond angles of the ammonia and water molecules
)
[ 3 marks]
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02tI20t0tcAPE/F 2006
4. -4-
(ii) boiling points of water and ammonia.
[ 2 marks]
(c) (i) Suggest the shape of a molecule of hydrogen sulphide.
llmarkl
(iD How would the boiling point of hydrogen sulphide compare with that of
ammonia? Explain your answer.
[ 2 marks]
Total 10 marks
3. (a) Define the term 'enthalpy change of solution'.
Ilmark]
(b) (i) State Hess'Law.
ILmark]
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
ozrrzorotcAPE/F 2006
5. -5-
(ii) Use the data in Table 2 and apply Hess'Law to determine the enthalpy of solution
of hydrogen fluoride gas.
TABLE 2: ENTHALPY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DISSOLUTION OF HF GAS
Enthalpy change (A H) KJ mol-t
AH FIF
Bond dissociation (BD)
+ 562
AH F
Electron Affrniry (EA)
-328
AH H
Ionization Energy (I.E)
+ 1310
AH F-
Hydration (Hyd)
- 506
AH H*
Hydration (Hyd)
- 1300
[ 5 marks]
I on r2olo/cAPE/F 2006
I
GO ON TO TTIE NEXT PAGE
I
6. -6-
(iii) Any chemical change involves processes of bond making and bond breaking.
Classify EACH process as exothermic or endothermic and, hence, explain the
value obtained in (b) (ii) on page 5.
[ 3 marks]
Total l0 marks
MODULE 2
Answer ALL questions.
4. Aspartame, the structure shown in Figure 2 below, is an artificial sweetener. [t is about 200 times
sweeter than sucrose.
oo
il ll
H2N-CH- C
-NH
CH- C-OH
ll
CH, CH2
I
COOH
Figure 2
(a) Which of the functional groups present in aspartame would react with
(i) ethanol?
llmarkl
(ii) dilute hydrochloric acid?
[ 2 marks]
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02rr20rotcAPE/F 2006
7. (iii) ethanoyl chloride?
Ilmark]
(b) Name the OTTIER chemical that is required for the reaction with ethanol to occur.
(c)
Ilmark]
The scheme in Figure 3 shows that the conversion of A to C occurs in two steps. A is
converted to B on treatment with SOClr.
-------@--------q /ocE3
co2H
Figure 3
(i) Draw the structural formula of B.
Ilmark]
(ii) State the reagents and conditions required for the conversion of B to C.
H
I
.C
'c" t"
rll
HO
H
I
-C
c"
I
H
(iii)
[ 2 marks]
State ONE physical property that is characteristic of BOTH Compound C and that
obtained in the reaction described in (b) above. Explain your answer.
[ 2 marks]
Total l0 marks
o2rr2010|cAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO TTIE NEXT PAGE
1
@ @
8. -8-
5. Dopa is a naturally occurring amino acid, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. A con-
densed formula, A, of this molecule is shown in Figure 4.
cH2cH(NH2) COOH
rAl
H#
OH
A
Figure 4
(a) State TWO reasons why carbon can form straight chains and rings.
[ 2 marks]
(b) Write the molecular formula of Dopa.
Ilmark]
(c) Dopa is one isomeric form of the molecular formula in (b) above.
(i) Define the term 'isomerism'.
Ilmark]
(ii) State TWO types of isomerism which can be exhibited by a molecule with for-
mulaA.
Tlpe I :
Type II:
[ 2 marks]
021r20to/cAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
i
t
f
t
:
I
i
I
I
t.
9. -9-
(iii) Draw the full structural formulae of TWO isomers for each type of isomerism
stated in (c) (ii) on page 8.
'Ilpe I:
Type II:
[ 4 marks]
Total 10 marks
021r20r0/cAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO TTIE NEXT PAGE
10. -10-
6. The sequence of monomer units in a macromolecule is called its primary structure. Part of the
primary structure of one macromolecule, A, is shown in Figure 5'
HHOHHOHHO
llllllllllll
_N_C_C_N-C-C_N_C_C-
lll
H-c-cH. 9H, (cH2)4
l'A',l
CH, Y M,
loH
CH,
Figure 5
(a) (i) How many monomer units are present in this portion of the macromolecule?
Ilmark]
(ii) Draw the displayed structure of two monomers used to make A.
[ 2 marks]
O) To what class of compounds do the monomers and macromolecule, A, belong?
Monomer:
Macromolecule A:
[ 2 marks]
O2trz0rotcAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO TIIE NEXT PAGE
11. (c)
ll -
Nylon 6.6 has similar characteristics to A.
(i) Name the type of reaction that occurs when nylon 6.6 or A is boiled with concen-
trated hydrochloric acid.
Ilmark]
Copy the structure of A and use it to illustrate the changes that occur during the
reaction described in (c) (i) above.
(iii)
ILmark]
Draw the fully displayed structure of ONE product of the reaction described in (c)
(i) above.
[Lmark]
State ONE corrunon structural feature and ONE different structural feature in nvlon 6.6
and A.
[ 2 marks]
Total 10 marks
(i i)
(d)
021120t0/cAPEF 2006
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
12. I2
7.
MODULE 3
Answer ALL questions.
In order to estimate the Vo of Fe2* in a compound M, a solution of M is titrated against a standard
solution of potassium permanganate (manganate (VID). The permanganate is standardised by
titration against the primary standard, ethanedioic acid.
(a) State THREE characteristics of ethanedioic acid that make it a suitable primary standard.
[ 3 marks]
In preparing the solution of ethanedioic for titration against the permanganate, two pieces
of laboratory equipment with a high degree of accuracy are required. Name these TWO
pieces of equipment.
[ 2 marks]
(c) 25.0 cm3 of the aqueous solution of M requires 24.80 cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 permanganate
for complete reaction. The equation for the reaction is
5 Fe2*(aq) + Mnof(aq) + 8H*(aq) -+ 5 Fe3*(aq) + Mn2*(aq) + 4HrO
Calculate EACH of the following:
(i) The number of moles MnO; used
Ilmark]
(ii) The number of moles Fe2* in the 25.0 cm3 of aqueous M
Ilmark]
NEXT PAGE
(b)
02rr20r0/cAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO T}IE
13. -13-
(iii) The number of moles Fe2* in 1.0 dm3 of M (aq)
[1mark]
(iv) The mass of Fe2* in I dm3 of M (aq)
[1mark]
(v) The Vo Fe2* in the compound [The mass concentration of M is 40.90 g dmt.]
Ilmark]
Total l0 marks
02IIZDI0{CAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO TIIE NEXT PAGE
14. I4
8. A variety of chromatographic methods can be used to separate mixtures.
(a) (i) What is meant by retention time as applied to gas liquid chromatography (GLC)?
Ilmark]
(ii) Distinguish between a stationary phase and a mobile phase used in chromatography.
Give ONE example EACH of commonlY
GLC.
[ 2 marks]
used stationary and mobile phases in
[ 2 marks]
Samples of TWO different brands of black ink are separated into their constituent parts
using paper chromatography. Both samples contain a red dye. In the first sample the
solvent travels 7.54 cm, while the red dye travels 4.67 cm- In the second sample the red
dye travels 3.31 cm while the solvent travels 5.34 cm.
(D Calculate the values for the TWO samples.
[ 2 marks]
(iii)
(b)
02trzoroIcAPE/F 2006
GO ON TO TTIE NEXT PAGE
15. (ii)
-15-
Deduce whether the same red dye is used to make both rypes of ink. Give TWo
reasons for your answer.
[ 3 marks]
Total l0 marks
Infra red (IR) spectroscopy is widely used to determine the structure of molecules. State
the principles upon which infra red (IR) spectroscopy is based.
[ 3 marks]
these gases do not contribute to global
(a)
9.
(b) Even though air consists of 78Vo N. and 2IVo O^,
warming. Explain this phenomeno-n.
[ 2 marks]
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
D2172010/CAPE/F 2006
16. 16-
(c) Explain how the IR spectra may be used to distinguish between functional gtoups in
organic comPounds.
Ilmark]
(d) The carbonyl group, )C = O, has absorption peaks in the region of 1680 to 1750 cm-',
while the peaks for the alkene group, ;C = Ci , are manifested in the region of 1610 to
1680 cm-r. What does this say about the bond energies of the )C = O and )C = d func-
tional grouPs?
I l mark
(e) Suggest ONE reason why HCI has only one peak in its IR spectrum.
(D
(f) The monochromator and sample cell are components
eter. Give ONE reason why the monochromator
constructed of glass or quartz.
Ilmark]
of the IR spectrophotom-
and sample cell are not
Ilmark]
(ii) What material may be used instead of quartz or glass?
Ilmark]
Total 10 marks
END OF TEST
OZTI2OTOICAPE/F 2006