IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IMPROVED NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IN MANETSIJCNCJournal
The growth in wireless communication technologies has resulted in a considerable amount of
attention given to mobile adhoc networks. All mobile hosts in an adhoc network are embedded with
packet forwarding capabilities. It is decentralized and is independent of infrastructure. Since mobile
hosts in an adhoc network usually move freely, the topology of the network changes dynamically and
disconnection occurs frequently. These characteristics require the routing protocols to find an
alternative path towards the destination for data transfer. The existing on-demand routing protocols
does the alternative path establishment only after the disconnection of links in the existing path. The
data sent by the source during alternate path establishment period will be lost leading to incomplete
data transfer. The network traffic will therefore increase considerably. This problem can be overcome
by establishing an alternative path when the existing path is more likely to be broken, by sending a
warning message to the source indicating the likelihood of disconnection. In this paper an attempt has
been made to analyze a protocol that improves the network connectivity by preempting the alternative
path before the existing link gets failed by monitoring the signal strength and ‘age of the path’.
ENERGY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REACTIVE, PROACTIVE, AND HYBRID ROUTING ...ijwmn
This paper evaluates the energy consumption of well-known routing protocols, along with other metrics
such as throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and delay in different scenarios. We consider two other
metrics in order to capture the efficiency of the energy consumption: e-throughput which is the ratio
between the consumed energy and the throughput; and the e-PDR which is the ratio between the
consumed energy and the PDR. We compare four routing protocols: AODV, OLSR, and HWMP in
Reactive and Proactive modes. The number of nodes is varying between 25 and 81 nodes, with different
mobility models. Simulations are conducted using NS3 and the parameters of a real network interface
card. From the results, AODV presents the lowest energy consumption and a better e-Throughput. OLSR
provides a better e-PDR in mobile scenarios. With a smaller e-PDR and e-Throughput, the proactive
mode of HWMP is more energy efficient than the reactive mode.
Survey of Modified Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networkijsrd.com
In last few years extensive research work has been done in the field of routing protocols for Ad-hoc Network. Various routing protocols have been evaluated in different network conditions using different performance metrics. A lot of research has been done how to modify standard routing protocol in ad-hoc network to improve its performance. The hop count is not only metric that gives efficient routing path. There are various modified protocols which make the use of other parameters along with hop count to select the best routing path to the destination. In standard Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol only hop count is used for selecting the routing path. In this paper we have studied variants of AODV protocols with modified routing metric.
Performance comparison of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networksijujournal
Routing protocols have an important role in any Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Researchers have elaborated several routing protocols that possess different performance levels. In this paper we give a performance evaluation of AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR and DYMO routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks (MANETS) to determine the best in different scenarios. We analyse these MANET routing protocols by using NS-2 simulator. We specify how the Number of Nodes parameter influences their performance. In this study, performance is calculated in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End to End Delay, Normalised Routing Load and Average Throughput.
P ERFORMANCE C OMPARISON OF R OUTING P ROTOCOLS IN M OBILE A D H OC N E...ijujournal
Routing protocols have
an important
role in any
Mobile Ad Hoc Network
(MANET).
Researchers
have
elaborated several routing protocols that possess different performance levels
. In this
p
aper
we
give a
performance evaluation of
AODV,
DSR,
DSDV
, OLSR and DYMO
routing protocol
s
in
Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks
(MANETS)
to
determine
the best
in different scenarios
. We
analyse
these
MANET
routing
protocols by
using
NS
-
2 simulator
. We specify how
the
Number of No
d
es
parameter influences
their
performance. In this study
,
performance is
calculated
in terms
of Packet Delivery Ratio,
Average
End to
End Delay, Normalised Routing Load and Average Throughput
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IMPROVED NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IN MANETSIJCNCJournal
The growth in wireless communication technologies has resulted in a considerable amount of
attention given to mobile adhoc networks. All mobile hosts in an adhoc network are embedded with
packet forwarding capabilities. It is decentralized and is independent of infrastructure. Since mobile
hosts in an adhoc network usually move freely, the topology of the network changes dynamically and
disconnection occurs frequently. These characteristics require the routing protocols to find an
alternative path towards the destination for data transfer. The existing on-demand routing protocols
does the alternative path establishment only after the disconnection of links in the existing path. The
data sent by the source during alternate path establishment period will be lost leading to incomplete
data transfer. The network traffic will therefore increase considerably. This problem can be overcome
by establishing an alternative path when the existing path is more likely to be broken, by sending a
warning message to the source indicating the likelihood of disconnection. In this paper an attempt has
been made to analyze a protocol that improves the network connectivity by preempting the alternative
path before the existing link gets failed by monitoring the signal strength and ‘age of the path’.
ENERGY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REACTIVE, PROACTIVE, AND HYBRID ROUTING ...ijwmn
This paper evaluates the energy consumption of well-known routing protocols, along with other metrics
such as throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and delay in different scenarios. We consider two other
metrics in order to capture the efficiency of the energy consumption: e-throughput which is the ratio
between the consumed energy and the throughput; and the e-PDR which is the ratio between the
consumed energy and the PDR. We compare four routing protocols: AODV, OLSR, and HWMP in
Reactive and Proactive modes. The number of nodes is varying between 25 and 81 nodes, with different
mobility models. Simulations are conducted using NS3 and the parameters of a real network interface
card. From the results, AODV presents the lowest energy consumption and a better e-Throughput. OLSR
provides a better e-PDR in mobile scenarios. With a smaller e-PDR and e-Throughput, the proactive
mode of HWMP is more energy efficient than the reactive mode.
Survey of Modified Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networkijsrd.com
In last few years extensive research work has been done in the field of routing protocols for Ad-hoc Network. Various routing protocols have been evaluated in different network conditions using different performance metrics. A lot of research has been done how to modify standard routing protocol in ad-hoc network to improve its performance. The hop count is not only metric that gives efficient routing path. There are various modified protocols which make the use of other parameters along with hop count to select the best routing path to the destination. In standard Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol only hop count is used for selecting the routing path. In this paper we have studied variants of AODV protocols with modified routing metric.
Performance comparison of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networksijujournal
Routing protocols have an important role in any Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Researchers have elaborated several routing protocols that possess different performance levels. In this paper we give a performance evaluation of AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR and DYMO routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks (MANETS) to determine the best in different scenarios. We analyse these MANET routing protocols by using NS-2 simulator. We specify how the Number of Nodes parameter influences their performance. In this study, performance is calculated in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End to End Delay, Normalised Routing Load and Average Throughput.
P ERFORMANCE C OMPARISON OF R OUTING P ROTOCOLS IN M OBILE A D H OC N E...ijujournal
Routing protocols have
an important
role in any
Mobile Ad Hoc Network
(MANET).
Researchers
have
elaborated several routing protocols that possess different performance levels
. In this
p
aper
we
give a
performance evaluation of
AODV,
DSR,
DSDV
, OLSR and DYMO
routing protocol
s
in
Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks
(MANETS)
to
determine
the best
in different scenarios
. We
analyse
these
MANET
routing
protocols by
using
NS
-
2 simulator
. We specify how
the
Number of No
d
es
parameter influences
their
performance. In this study
,
performance is
calculated
in terms
of Packet Delivery Ratio,
Average
End to
End Delay, Normalised Routing Load and Average Throughput
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijcax
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that want to communicate without any pre-determined infrastructure and fixed organization of available links. Each node in MANET operates as a router, forwarding information packets for other mobile nodes. There are many routing protocols that possess different performance levels in different scenarios. The main task is to evaluate the existing routing
protocols and finding by comparing them the best one. In this article we compare AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR and DYMO routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to specify the best operational conditions for each MANETs protocol. We study these five MANETs routing protocols by different simulations in NS-2 simulator. We describe that pause time parameter affect their performance. This performance analysis is measured in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End-to-End Delay, Normalized Routing Load and Average Throughput.
Mobile ad hoc networks communicate without any fixed infrastructure or ant centralized domain. All the
nodes are free to move randomly within the network and share information dynamically. To achieve an
efficient routing various protocols have been developed so far which vary in their nature and have their
own salient properties. In this paper, we have discussed one of the latest protocols i.e. Dynamic Manet on
demand (DYMO) routing Protocol, implemented and analysed its performance with other similar protocols
against different parameters. Finally a comparison has been presented between all of them.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhanced aodv route discovery and route establishment for qos provision for r...IJCNCJournal
MANET is a temporary connection of mobile nodes via wireless links having no centralized base station.
We developed a protocol with an enhanced route discovery mechanism that avoids the pre-transmission
delay. When a source node wants to communicate with another node, it broadcast RREQ. EAODV give
priority to the source node of real time transmission. When RREQ packet send to neighbor node, for real
time transmission it accept route request on priority basis and the drop ratio of packets decreased, then
throughput increases by receiving more packets at destination and delivery ratio also increased through
these QOS improved.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experiment of Routing Protocol AODV (AdHoc On-demand Distance Vector)IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterized by open structure, lack of standard infrastructure
and un-accessibility to the trusted servers. The performance of various MANET routing protocols is
significantly affected due to frequently changing network topology, confined network resources and
security of data packets. In this paper, a simulation based performance comparison of one of the most
commonly used on-demand application oriented routing protocols, AODV (Ad hoc on-demand Distance
Vector) and its optimized versions R-AODV (Reverse AODV) and PHR-AODV (Path hopping based
Reverse AODV) has been presented. Basically the paper evaluates these protocols based on a wide set of
performance metrics by varying both the number of nodes and the nodes maximum speed. A NS-2 based
simulation study shows that, as compared to AODV and PHR-AODV, R-AODV enhances the packet
delivery fraction by 15-20% and reduces the latency approximately by 50%. R-AODV requires lesser node
energy for data transmission.
Comparing: Routing Protocols on Basis of sleep modeIJMER
The architecture of ad hoc wireless network consists of mobile nodes for communication
without the use of fixed-position routers. The communication between them takes place without
centralized control. Routing is a very crucial issue, so to deal with this routing algorithms must deliver
the packet in significant delay. There are different protocols for handling the mobile environment like
AODV, DSR and OLSR. But this paper will focus on performance of AODV and OLSR routing protocols.
The performance of these protocols is analyzed on two metrics: time and throughput
Performance Evalution of MANET Routing Protocols using Reference Point Group ...ijasuc
An ad hoc network is often defined as an “infrastructureless” network, meaning a network without the
usual routing infrastructure like fixed routers and routing backbones. Typically, the ad hoc nodes are
mobile and the underlying communication medium is wireless. Each ad hoc node may be capable of acting
as a router.it’s charactrizied by multihop wireless connection and frequently changing networks.we
compare the performance of on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks are distributed
cache updating for the dynamic source routing protocol(DSR) and ad hoc on-demand distance vector
routing (AODV).the simulation model of the medium access control(MAC) layer is evaluting the
performance of MANET protocols.DSR and AODV protocols share similar behavours.we evalute the
both on demand protocols DSR and AODV based on packet delivery ratio , packet delivery latency,mobility
variation with total number of errors, packet and normalized routing overhead,end-to-end delay by varying
in node density.the performance and characterictics are explained by the graph models.
Performance Comparison of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols for Ad-hoc Wireless...Narendra Singh Yadav
An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes communicating through wireless channels without any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Because of the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple “hops” may be needed to exchange data across the network. Consequently, many routing algorithms have come into existence to satisfy the needs of communications in such networks. This paper presents performance comparison of the three routing protocols AODV and DSDV. Protocols were simulated using the ns-2 and were compared in terms of packet delivery fraction, normalized routing load and average delay, while varying number of nodes, and pause time. Simulation revealed that although DSDV perfectly scales to small networks with low node speeds, AODV is preferred due to its more efficient use of bandwidth.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijcax
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that want to communicate without any pre-determined infrastructure and fixed organization of available links. Each node in MANET operates as a router, forwarding information packets for other mobile nodes. There are many routing protocols that possess different performance levels in different scenarios. The main task is to evaluate the existing routing
protocols and finding by comparing them the best one. In this article we compare AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR and DYMO routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to specify the best operational conditions for each MANETs protocol. We study these five MANETs routing protocols by different simulations in NS-2 simulator. We describe that pause time parameter affect their performance. This performance analysis is measured in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End-to-End Delay, Normalized Routing Load and Average Throughput.
Mobile ad hoc networks communicate without any fixed infrastructure or ant centralized domain. All the
nodes are free to move randomly within the network and share information dynamically. To achieve an
efficient routing various protocols have been developed so far which vary in their nature and have their
own salient properties. In this paper, we have discussed one of the latest protocols i.e. Dynamic Manet on
demand (DYMO) routing Protocol, implemented and analysed its performance with other similar protocols
against different parameters. Finally a comparison has been presented between all of them.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhanced aodv route discovery and route establishment for qos provision for r...IJCNCJournal
MANET is a temporary connection of mobile nodes via wireless links having no centralized base station.
We developed a protocol with an enhanced route discovery mechanism that avoids the pre-transmission
delay. When a source node wants to communicate with another node, it broadcast RREQ. EAODV give
priority to the source node of real time transmission. When RREQ packet send to neighbor node, for real
time transmission it accept route request on priority basis and the drop ratio of packets decreased, then
throughput increases by receiving more packets at destination and delivery ratio also increased through
these QOS improved.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experiment of Routing Protocol AODV (AdHoc On-demand Distance Vector)IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterized by open structure, lack of standard infrastructure
and un-accessibility to the trusted servers. The performance of various MANET routing protocols is
significantly affected due to frequently changing network topology, confined network resources and
security of data packets. In this paper, a simulation based performance comparison of one of the most
commonly used on-demand application oriented routing protocols, AODV (Ad hoc on-demand Distance
Vector) and its optimized versions R-AODV (Reverse AODV) and PHR-AODV (Path hopping based
Reverse AODV) has been presented. Basically the paper evaluates these protocols based on a wide set of
performance metrics by varying both the number of nodes and the nodes maximum speed. A NS-2 based
simulation study shows that, as compared to AODV and PHR-AODV, R-AODV enhances the packet
delivery fraction by 15-20% and reduces the latency approximately by 50%. R-AODV requires lesser node
energy for data transmission.
Comparing: Routing Protocols on Basis of sleep modeIJMER
The architecture of ad hoc wireless network consists of mobile nodes for communication
without the use of fixed-position routers. The communication between them takes place without
centralized control. Routing is a very crucial issue, so to deal with this routing algorithms must deliver
the packet in significant delay. There are different protocols for handling the mobile environment like
AODV, DSR and OLSR. But this paper will focus on performance of AODV and OLSR routing protocols.
The performance of these protocols is analyzed on two metrics: time and throughput
Performance Evalution of MANET Routing Protocols using Reference Point Group ...ijasuc
An ad hoc network is often defined as an “infrastructureless” network, meaning a network without the
usual routing infrastructure like fixed routers and routing backbones. Typically, the ad hoc nodes are
mobile and the underlying communication medium is wireless. Each ad hoc node may be capable of acting
as a router.it’s charactrizied by multihop wireless connection and frequently changing networks.we
compare the performance of on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks are distributed
cache updating for the dynamic source routing protocol(DSR) and ad hoc on-demand distance vector
routing (AODV).the simulation model of the medium access control(MAC) layer is evaluting the
performance of MANET protocols.DSR and AODV protocols share similar behavours.we evalute the
both on demand protocols DSR and AODV based on packet delivery ratio , packet delivery latency,mobility
variation with total number of errors, packet and normalized routing overhead,end-to-end delay by varying
in node density.the performance and characterictics are explained by the graph models.
Performance Comparison of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols for Ad-hoc Wireless...Narendra Singh Yadav
An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes communicating through wireless channels without any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Because of the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple “hops” may be needed to exchange data across the network. Consequently, many routing algorithms have come into existence to satisfy the needs of communications in such networks. This paper presents performance comparison of the three routing protocols AODV and DSDV. Protocols were simulated using the ns-2 and were compared in terms of packet delivery fraction, normalized routing load and average delay, while varying number of nodes, and pause time. Simulation revealed that although DSDV perfectly scales to small networks with low node speeds, AODV is preferred due to its more efficient use of bandwidth.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Mental Capacity Act and Deprivation of Liberty safeguards case law update - M...Browne Jacobson LLP
Mark Barnett covers the case of Birmingham City Council v D, which looks at whether parental consent is enough to authorise a deprivation of liberty of a 16 year old, another decision on the extent of the Court’s powers and choosing from available options in North Yorkshire v MAG and a case concerning the fine line between unwise decisions and lack of capacity in WBC v Z.
Objectives:
Why is it essential to know the cultural traits before entering a foreign market?
How cultural traits of Greece affect International Business?
How these cultural traits affect management practices and negotiation procedures?
The 2014 edition of The Infinite Dial, the 22nd study in this long-running series of research reports on consumer adoption of digital media. This report from Edison Research and Triton Digital covers a wide variety of topics, from new research on Online Radio to Smartphones, Podcasting, Social Media and more.
The real-realworld of stacking containers in production.Daniël van Gils
So you’ve already containerized the shit out of your code, broken down monoliths, microserviced the hell out of your app and have run some awesome workloads in your local, dev and test environments. It’s all looking good, but now what?
Running Docker commands is one thing, but maintaining containers in production is a whole other ballgame. So during this talk I’ll show you the REAL wild world of Docker in production. With the added benefit of talking to and observing how over 900 of our customers have been using Docker in production, I’ll be presenting some of these data points and sharing our observations on how to get it right.
My aim? I want to turn the conversation on its head and dispel some of the ‘silver bullet’ assumptions flying around by taking an inside-out approach to building with Docker. The idea is to provide you with a framework for how to get your code into containers, streamline the Docker build flow and avoid common pitfalls when moving from dev to live environments.
Because remember, Docker will NOT, and I repeat, will not solve your bad dev and ops behaviours. So don’t end up with a ‘hot mess’ (more on that later), and attend my talk to get container smart
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Effects of Speed on the Performance of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc...Narendra Singh Yadav
Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes communicating through wireless channels without any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Because of the limited transmission range of wireless network interfaces, multiple "hops" may be needed to exchange data across the network. Consequently, many routing algorithms have come into existence to satisfy the needs of communications in such networks. Researchers have conducted many simulations comparing the performance of these routing protocols under various conditions and constraints. One question that arises is whether speed of nodes affects the relative performance of routing protocols being studied. This paper addresses the question by simulating two routing protocols AODV and DSDV. Protocols were simulated using the ns-2 and were compared in terms of packet delivery fraction, normalized routing load and average delay, while varying number of nodes, and speed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance Observation of Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols with Incr...Computer Science Journals
Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is type of wireless network in which group of mobile nodes co-operate to forward the data packets to their neighbours without using centralized authority or any physical medium like cables or base station.
Comparative Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols and Cluster Head Selection Te...IJERA Editor
Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a kind of wireless network. It is a backbone of new generation advanced communication technology. MANET is an ideal applicant for rescue and emergency situation due to its independence of connected devices of fixed wires. This paper represents a work on trust based system in MANET cluster that can be used to improve the performance of the network even in the existence of not trusted nodes. In the cluster architecture, cluster head and gateway nodes form a communication for routing among neighbouring clusters. But selection of cluster head is the important problem in dynamic Ad-hoc network because cluster head work as coordinator in clustered architecture. In this work, some values have used correspond to the threshold values of forward packet and dropped packet of each node within the network cluster. These values have been used dynamically updated every time and the node is selected as cluster head. In this technique of selecting the node as cluster head, the node which has maximum trusted value is elected as cluster head and this information is updated in every node’s trusted table. After implementation of our desired work, the proposed Dynamic Trust Evaluation of Cluster Head (DTE-CH) technique is analysed with traditional routing protocols and traditional clustering technique viz. Highest Degree Algorithm. The simulation is done by using network simulator software on the basis of different performance metrics throughput, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, packet drop, average end to end delay and remain energy. Simulation result presents that proposed DTE-CH technique improves the performance of network as compare to most suitable existing AODV MANET protocol based technique as well as traditional highest degree clustering technique.
Prediction Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Connection BreaksIJCNCJournal
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a decentralized network of mobile node that are connected to an arbitrary topology via wireless connections. The breakdown of the connecting links between adjacent nodes will probably lead to the loss of the transferred data packets. In this research, we proposed an algorithm for link prediction (LP) to enhance the link break provision of the ad hoc on-demand remote protocol (AODV). The proposed algorithm is called the AODV Link Break Prediction (AODVLBP). The AODVLBP prevents link breaks by the use of a predictive measure of the changing signal. The AODVLBP was evaluated using the network simulator version 2.35 (NS2) and compared with the AODV Link prediction (AODVLP) and the AODV routing protocols. The simulation results reveal the effectiveness of AODVLBP in improving network performance in terms of average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, packet overhead ratio, and packet drop-neighbour break.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Performance analysis of aodv, olsr, grp and dsr routing protocols with databa...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Wireless Technology has an enormous use these days and is still becoming popular from times immemorial. It is at its peak when we
talk about research. This is because of the latest technological demands now days arising from Laptops, Wireless devices such as
Wireless local area networks (WLANs) etc. Because of its fast growing popularity day by day, it has led wireless technology data rates
higher and it has made its price cheaper, which is why wireless Technology is growing so fast. In this paper we have presented some
most commonly used routing protocols in MANET and compared the performance of AODV, OLSR, GRP and DSR routing protocol
by using OPNET simulator 14.5. The performance is evaluated under different parameters like Delay, Load, and Media access delay,
Network Load, Retransmission and Throughput for Database load.
Keywords— MANET, Peak Value, Protocol, Drop value
THE IMPACT OF NODE MISBEHAVIOR ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANETIJCNCJournal
MANET is a cooperative wireless network in which mobile nodes are responsible for routing and
forwarding packets from and to other nodes. Noncooperation is a challenge that definitely degrades the
performance of MANET. A misbehaving or selfish node may make use of other nodes in the network, but
decline to share its own resources with them. These selfish nodes may severely affect the performance of
routing protocols in MANET.
In this paper, we compare the performance of four routing protocols under security attack of node
misbehavior in MANET. We investigate AODV and DSR reactive routing protocols and OLSR and GRP
proactive routing protocols using Riverbed Modeler simulator. The performance comparison is carried out
using two types of misbehaving nodes. The metrics used are End-to-End delay, Packet Delivery Ratio, Data
dropped and the Load. The experimental results show that AODV routing protocol performs better than the
other routing protocols with higher packet delivery ratio. Further, OLSR routing protocol outperforms the
other routing protocols with minimum End-to-End delay.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
On the routing overhead in infrastructureless multihop wireless networksNarendra Singh Yadav
Routing in infrastructureless multihop wireless networks is a challenging task and has received a vast amount of attention from researchers. This has lead to development of many different routing protocols each having their own superiorities and pitfalls making it very difficult to decide on a better protocol under vulnerable scenarios in such networks. In this paper the performance of three routing protocols (DSR, AODV and CBRP) in terms of routing overhead in bytes and in packets is presented under growing density and varying mobility in different traffic conditions. The simulation results show that CBRP outperforms both DSR and AODV in all scenarios.
On the routing overhead in infrastructureless multihop wireless networks
C 16
1. ISBN: 978-81-927147-0-7 National Conference on Instrumentation and Communication Engineering
(NACICE 2013)
Review of Multipath Routing Protocol with
Load Balancing in MANET
Prof.S.A.Jain1
, Pratik Waghmare2
, Swapnil Sonawane3
Department of Computer Engineering, University of Pune
MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi (D), Pune, India
1
sajain@comp.maepune.ac.in 2
pratikwaghmare92@gmail.com 3
sonawane.swapnil91@gmail.com
Abstract: Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a self maintaining,
self configuring and self organizing Network. There is no fixed
infrastructure and also there is no base station for MANET.
When nodes change there position then topology changes
therefore it is difficult to design the protocol for the MANET.
Routing is an important factor in mobile ad hoc network which
not only works well with a small network, but also it can also
work well if network get expanded dynamically. Mobile nodes in
the MANET have limited transmission capability they
intercommunicate by multi hope relay. Multipath routing has
many challenges such as limited wireless bandwidth, low device
power, dynamically changing network topology. To answer those
challenges many multipath Routing Protocol have been proposed.
Keywords: Disjoint Multipath, Multi hop, reliability, Congestion
Control.
I.INTRODUCTION
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are Infrastructure less
networks. MANET is self maintaining, self configuring and
self organizing network. Each mobile node has limited
resources such as limited battery power, limited bandwidth and
limited processing power. In MANET mobile node
communicate as a multi-hop fashion. So due to limited
processing power load increases on node in turn congestion
occur. Therefore nodes discard some packets due to overload.
This existing paper introduce the new protocol called Load
Balancing Multipath Routing Protocol based on AODV
protocol (Ad-hoc On Demand protocol).In LB-M routing
protocol we proposed that load is equally distribute to all other
nodes which we discover during multipath rout discovery
process.LB-M avoids the network from gating congested every
time when load increases on nodes.
II. RELATED WORK
A. AODV (Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector
Protocol) :
The AODV is the Reactive on demand routing protocol
means nodes which is not in the active path does not
need to maintain the routing information. Here on
demand means if source want to send packet then
source initialised route discovery on demand. Like
DSR, AODV also contain two mechanisms of Route
Discovery and Route Maintenance. But Route Request
(RREQ) structure of AODV is different than the DSR
protocol. To detect a fresh or new route from an old
route, each node maintains two counters such as node
sequence ID and broadcast ID. Each route request
(RREQ) packet contains information about the
destination sequence number which is used for
distinguish from remaining node and the source
sequence number in addition to source address and
destination address. The sequence numbers are used to
indicate the freshness and newness of a route in
network.
1) Route Discovery:
Fig 1 RREQ and RREP Propagation
Route Discovery is the mechanism in which source
discovers the route to destination. If source want to send the
packet to destination then source Discovers the route to
destination in its Route cache. If source cannot find the route
then source generates the RREQ (Route Request) packet and
send it to its neighbour. When a neighbour of a source receives
a request packet, it first checks whether the request packet is
intended for it or not. If a neighbour discovers that it is the
destination, it sends a reply back to the source after copying
the routing information contained in the route request packet
into a route reply packet. If it is not the destination, it checks if
there is any route available in the route cache for that
2. ISBN: 978-81-927147-0-7 National Conference on Instrumentation and Communication Engineering
(NACICE 2013)
destination. If this neighbouring node is neither a destination
nor does it have a route in the route cache to that destination, it
appends its address in the route request packet, and then it re-
broadcasts a route request packet to its neighbours. This
process continuous till source packet reaches the destination.
When destination receives the Route Request packet from
source then destination generates the RREP (Route Reply
packet) packet and send to the source. After receiving the
RREP packet source sends the data packet along the route
which is contain in the RREP.
2) Route Maintenance:
To avoid the congestion in the network and also prevent the
link breakage from occurring AODV uses the Route
maintenance mechanism by generating the REEP message.
3) Advantages:
1) Less time for connection setup
2) On demand route establishment
3) Provide uncasing or multicasting or broadcasting
4) Limitations:
1) Packet delivery ratio increases as network increase.
2) Long delay in route correction.
B. AOMDV (Ad-hoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector
Protocol)
AOMDV is based on distance vector concept and
uses hop-by-hop routing approach. As AODV, AOMDV also
finds routes on demand by rote discovery mechanism. The
main difference lies in the number of routes found in a route
discovery. The main idea in AOMDV is to compute multiple
paths during route discovery. In AOMDV, RREQs from
different neighbours of the source are accepted at intermediate
nodes.
1) Route Discovery:When source want to send the
packet to destination then it searches the path in its
routing table for the destination. If source does not
get path then broadcast the RREQ packet to
searches the multiple path to destination. After
receiving the RREQ at destination then destination
replays all RREQ packets to find multiple disjoint
paths.
Fig. 2 AOMDV routing protocol
2) Route maintenance:
To avoid from congestion AOMDV uses the route
maintenance mechanism same as the AODV. When
link breakage occur then node at which link
breakage occur than that node sends the RERR
packet to source.
3) Advantages:
1) Allows intermediate nodes to reply RREQ
while still selecting the disjoint paths
2) Multiple routes are established in single
route discovery process.
3) Multiple link-disjoint routes are created.
4) Limitations:
1) AOMDV only consider the hope count to
determine the best path among all the paths.
AOMDV does not consider the path stability.
2) Massage overhead during the route
discovery process.
C. LB-M AODV (Load balancing Multipath Ad-hoc on demand
Distance Vector Protocol):
LB-M AODV is a Load Balancing Multipath AODV
routing protocol which is based on mechanism of AODV. It
uses the multipath instead of single path to increase the packet
delivery ratio & achieves the load balancing by equally
distributing the packets along this multipath.
1) Route Discovery:
3. ISBN: 978-81-927147-0-7 National Conference on Instrumentation and Communication Engineering
(NACICE 2013)
Fig. 3 LB-M AODV Routing protocol
LB-M AODV follows the same mechanism of Route
discovery of AODV, AOMDV where source initiates the
Route discovery process by generating the RREQ packet &
pass it its entire neighbor for achieving the path to destination.
2) Route maintenance:
LB- M AODV also follows the route maintenance
mechanism of AODV. Route maintenance mechanism is used
for to avoid the congestion from Occurring. If there is any
congestion occur or link breakage then LBM AODV chooses
the backup path for forwarding.(Here protocol uses one
primary path & all other paths are stored in the database so
when primary path gets fail then instead of new route
discovery process source choose alternative path from the
database
3) Advantages:
1) The main advantage of our protocol is we use the
multipath instead of single path which definitely
increases the path delivery path ratio.
2) On demand routing.
D. BACK UP PATH ROUTING PROTOCOL:
Ad-hoc mobile networks are very dynamic, self
organizing, self maintaining networks which has not
particular infrastructure & base station like cellular
networks. Every node acts as a router for forwarding
the data packets. Back up Path Routing Protocol is
used to store backup routes from multiple routes
available between source and destination, in order to
provide the next possible route immediately when the
link fails during the data transmission.
1) Working model:
The working model of this protocol is to select a
primary path as well as a set of alternate paths (i.e.,
secondary paths). Unlike the DSR protocol, a
destination node only replies to two requests instead
of all requests. One reply contains a primary path and
the other reply contains a back up path.
Fig. 4 Backup Path Routing
A destination node uses the following three main
criteria to choose a path:
(1) The shortest path.
(2) The shortest delay path.
(3) The maximally disjoint path.
The shortest path is similar to that of the DSR
protocol. The shortest delay path is the path along
which a destination receives a request packet first.
The maximally disjointed-path is the secondary path
rather than the primary path. These three criteria are
combined together for various schemes while
selecting a primary path and a back up path.
E. PRIORITIZE ROUTING PROTOCOL
Prioritize routing protocol is another type of delay aware
routing protocol in which packet delay between source and
destination is minimize. In PRIMAR multiple paths discovers
between sources to destination. The basic aim of this protocol
is to reduce the packet delay by considering priority of each
4. ISBN: 978-81-927147-0-7 National Conference on Instrumentation and Communication Engineering
(NACICE 2013)
packet while sending. In PRIMAR, priority is given to each
packet according to their importance.
1) Working model:
Fig 5 Routing Table of PRIMAR
The routing table showed above uses three fields i.e.
priority, next hope, delay. A node which receives the packet,
according to priority of packet, node sends it to next hope
mention in the routing table
The source node uses an indicator to classify packets
according to their importance therefore routing decisions are
made on this priority of packets. A low priority packet travels
a longer path compared to a higher priority packet. The
priorities are assigned from 1 to M, where M is the indication
of the highest priority. A packet with the highest priority is
sent using the optimal path.
2) Route Discovery:
The route discovery process of PRIMAR is same as that
of AOMDV protocol in which multiple routes are discovers
from source to destination
3) Route Maintenance:
The route Maintenance of PRIMAR is similar to that of
the DSR protocol, but PRIMARs route maintenance is
initiated if a route fails or a route does not meet the delay
requirement of a packet. This change in route maintenance
scheme allows PRIMAR to meet the delay requirements of
high priority traffic.
F.BIASED GEOGRAPHICAL ROUTING
PROTOCOL:
Biased Geographical Routing Protocol (BGR) is
another type of delay aware routing protocol.BGR
increases the delay aware performance of the network.
For this it considers the congestion information in the
network.
1) Working model:
The BGR protocol uses two congestion control
mechanisms, namely
(1) In-network packet splitter (IPS)
(2) End-to-end packet scatters (EPS).
Fig 6 Biased Geographical Protocol
The IPS splits traffic flows to avoid congestion.
Congestion arises when too many connections are
set up through a certain section of a network (i.e.,
hot-spot).In order to avoid a hot-spot; The IPS splits
the traffic Flow just before the hot-spot. The IPS
requires periodic information exchanges among
neighbours. If IPS fails to reduce congestion, the
EPS algorithms activated. In the case of EPS
algorithm,
Source splits traffic flows among multiple paths
therefore reduces congestion. Therefore it is clear
that a combination of IPS and EPS improves
fairness in distributing load among nodes. Therefore
the throughput of a network improves.
G. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION:
Four metrics are evaluated in our study:
1) End-to-End delay: Represents the average time taken
to transfer a data packet from source to its
destination.We note that AODV has a better average
5. ISBN: 978-81-927147-0-7 National Conference on Instrumentation and Communication Engineering
(NACICE 2013)
delay than AOMDV because if a link break, AOMDV
would try to find an a another from among the backup
routes resulting in additional delay to the packet
delivery time. In comparison, if a link break occurs in
AODV, the packet would not reach the destination
due to unavailability of another path from source to
destination. So AODV initializes the new route
discovery process for the same.
Fig 7 End-To-End Delay of Packets
Fig 8 End-To-End Delay of Packets
2) Packet Delivery Rate: Represents the ratio of the
number of received data packets at the destinations to the
number of data packets generated by sources. We note
that AOMDV has a better PDF value when compared to
AODV. This is because AOMDV can find an alternate
route if the current link has broken whereas AODV
initialize new route discovery process each time
Fig 9 Packet Delivery fraction
. Fig 10 Packet Delivery fraction
3) Routing Packet Overhead:
Routing packet overhead means the total number
of routing packets transmitted during the simulation.
We see that AOMDV has more routing overhead
that AODV. Due to AODV being a unipath routing
protocol, once a link breaks the packet delivery
along that route stops. But AOMDV use RREQ
packets. Hence AOMDV incurs more routing
overhead than AODV.
6. ISBN: 978-81-927147-0-7 National Conference on Instrumentation and Communication Engineering
(NACICE 2013)
Fig 11 Routing Packet Overhead
Fig 12 Routing Packet Overhead
Conclusion:
To improve the performance of network several routing
protocols can be extended by focusing the routing metrics.
This paper extends the AODV routing protocol. Here we
introduced new routing protocol named LB-M (Load
Balancing Multiple) routing protocol mainly focus on Load
balancing in multipath routing protocol which causes the
congestion which effect the performance of the network.
References:
[1] Survey of multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc net works
Mohammed Tarique a, Kemal E. Tepe b, Sasan Adibi c, Shervin Erfani b
[2] Load Balanced Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless
Networks - Chai Keong Toh, University of Hong Kong Anh-Ngoc Le and You-
Ze Cho, Kyung Pook National University
[3] Load-balancing in MANET shortest-path routing protocols- Oussama
Souihli, Mounir Frikha *, Mahmoud Ben Hamouda Graduate School of
Communications of Tunis (Sup’Com), El Ghazela Pole of Technology, Route
Raoued Km 3.5, 2083 Ariana, Tunisia
[4] Simulation and Comparison of AODV, DSR and AOMDV
Routing Protocols in MANETs-International Journal of Soft
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Issue-3, July 2012, Manveen Singh Chadha, Rambir Joon, Sandeep
[5] Performance Evaluation and Comparison of AODV and
AOMDV-S.R.Biradar et al. / (IJCSE) International Journal on
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S. R. Biradar1, Koushik Majumder2, Subir Kumar Sarkar3,
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Majitar -737 132 2WBUT, Kolkata – 700 064