BZT 214 ASSIGNMENT 4 & 5
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Strenuous activities like mountain climbing affect the circulatory and respiratory systems in several ways: The heart rate increases to pump more oxygenated blood to cells. Breathing rate and depth also increase to provide more oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. When reaching high altitude peaks, breathing and heart rates remain elevated even at rest to supply more oxygen to the body in the low air pressure environment. Symptoms of hypoxia or altitude sickness include rapid breathing, fatigue, dizziness and cyanosis. Treatments include supplemental oxygen, blood transfusions, and medications. The effects on circulatory and respiratory systems do not differ significantly between male and female climbers, as endurance and ability to adapt
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Immediate effects-of-exercise
Regular exercise provides both immediate and long-term benefits to the body. In the short-term, the body experiences increased heart rate and breathing to supply oxygen to working muscles, elevated body temperature through the generation of heat, sweating to regulate temperature, and muscle fatigue from lactic acid buildup. Over time with training, the cardiovascular system becomes more efficient as the heart can deliver the same blood volume with fewer beats, the recovery rate is quicker, and the resting heart rate is lower.
Respiratory effects of exercise
Short term exercise increases breathing rate and depth to deliver more oxygen to the lungs and remove more waste products. It also increases tidal volume, which is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath. Long term exercise lowers resting respiratory rate and rate during exercise over time. It also increases lung volume and efficiency as well as blood supply to the lungs.
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Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
Changes in Cardio-Vascular System
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Changes in Blood System
Endocrine functions
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Cardiovascular and respiratory systems respond to exercise in several key ways:
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2. Breathing rate and depth increase to supply more oxygen to working muscles and remove excess carbon dioxide. Both neural and chemical factors stimulate faster, deeper breathing.
3. The lungs take in more air per breath (increased tidal volume) to meet the body's higher oxygen needs during exercise beyond just breathing faster. Blood flow is also altered to match regional demands through vasodilation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels.
PEShare.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the short-term and long-term effects of exercise on the respiratory system. In the short-term, exercise increases breathing rate, depth of breathing, oxygen demand and carbon dioxide removal. This leads to oxygen debt as the body does not take in enough oxygen during intense exercise like sprinting. Over time with training, the respiratory muscles and lung capacity strengthen. This allows for more efficient gas exchange and an increased ability to exercise at a higher intensity for a longer period of time.
Training adaptations
There are both acute and chronic physiological responses to exercise. Acute responses occur during and after exercise and include increased heart rate, respiration rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, VO2, tidal volume, systolic blood pressure, and blood flow to working muscles. Chronic responses take at least 6 weeks to develop and include increased oxygen carrying capacity of blood, number of blood vessels and capillaries, lung function, heart size, stroke volume and decreased resting heart rate. These long-term adaptations improve the body's ability to perform exercise.
Unit 2 P1/M1
The musculoskeletal system responds to acute exercise by building up waste products in the muscles, causing aches and tiredness and eventually pain. The cardiovascular system increases heart rate to pump blood around the body faster, delivering more oxygen to muscles and removing waste. Respiratory responses include increased breathing rate and tidal volume to supply more oxygen to working muscles and remove carbon dioxide.
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The document discusses several respiratory adaptations that occur with long-term exercise. These include increased lung ventilation through higher tidal volumes and breathing rates, increased lung capacity allowing greater expansion, strengthened respiratory muscles, more lung capillaries and alveoli for improved gas exchange, higher VO2 max, and an increased lactate threshold allowing harder exercise. Aerobic training especially improves gas exchange and VO2 max through cardiac and muscle changes, while anaerobic training strengthens respiratory muscles.
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Immediate effects-of-exercise
Regular exercise provides both immediate and long-term benefits to the body. In the short-term, the body experiences increased heart rate and breathing to supply oxygen to working muscles, elevated body temperature through the generation of heat, sweating to regulate temperature, and muscle fatigue from lactic acid buildup. Over time with training, the cardiovascular system becomes more efficient as the heart can deliver the same blood volume with fewer beats, the recovery rate is quicker, and the resting heart rate is lower.
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Short term exercise increases breathing rate and depth to deliver more oxygen to the lungs and remove more waste products. It also increases tidal volume, which is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath. Long term exercise lowers resting respiratory rate and rate during exercise over time. It also increases lung volume and efficiency as well as blood supply to the lungs.
Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise
Exercise induces more activity in the whole body almost every system of the body affected by exercise.
Increasing muscular activity demands the more Oxygen and red blood cell supply to the muscular tissue.
So what is Physiological changes During Aerobic Exercise? explained in detail.
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2. Breathing rate and depth increase to supply more oxygen to working muscles and remove excess carbon dioxide. Both neural and chemical factors stimulate faster, deeper breathing.
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Dear all,
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Thank you
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The document describes the short-term effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems and their importance for sports performance. It discusses how warming up makes muscles more pliable and joints more lubricated through small tears and increased range of motion, reducing the risk of injury. It also mentions demonstrating warm-up exercises and identifying the equipment and protocol for the sit and reach flexibility test.
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2) The glycogen-lactic acid system breaks down glycogen stores in muscle into glucose and then lactate, producing ATP through glycolysis even without oxygen.
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The document discusses the differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise and respiration. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce energy through a slower process, while anaerobic respiration produces energy faster without oxygen. Aerobic exercise relies on the aerobic system and includes moderate to hard continuous activities like long-distance running. Anaerobic exercise is very short and intense, like sprints, using fast bursts that outpace the body's oxygen delivery. The recovery period after anaerobic exercise allows the body to pay back its oxygen debt from lactic acid buildup.
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Respiratory system changes during exercises
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- As exercise intensity increases, minute ventilation increases disproportionately to the rise in oxygen uptake at a point called the ventilatory threshold. This is due to non-metabolic carbon dioxide production from lactate buffering, which stimulates further ventilation.
- The onset of blood lactate accumulation occurs when blood lactate levels begin to rise above baseline, typically between 55-65% of maximum oxygen uptake in untrained individuals. This
Respiratoty response to exercise dipayan
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
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Bfd b st & lt effects of exercise on cv sys session 1
Exercise has short-term and long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. Short-term effects include an increased heart rate and blood pressure as the body demands more oxygen-rich blood during exercise. Long-term effects are that regular exercise causes the heart to enlarge and strengthen over time, increasing stroke volume and cardiac output even at rest, and decreasing resting heart rate. Regular exercise also causes the arteries to become more elastic.
Powerpoint for bio lab
The document discusses factors that affect lung capacity. It first describes the basic anatomy and function of the lungs. It then defines lung capacity and related terms like tidal volume and vital capacity. The document goes on to describe an experiment conducted to test two hypotheses: 1) Athletes have higher lung capacity than non-athletes, and 2) Lung capacity increases with height and weight. The results supported the second hypothesis, showing lung capacity correlates more strongly to an individual's size rather than their athleticism. Other factors like smoking and medical conditions may also impact lung function.
Cardio respiratory adaptations to exercise training
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Chap 84
1. Exercise increases energy expenditure through increased fuel consumption and oxygen usage, reflected by higher oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
2. Increased oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal in tissues during exercise is achieved through cardiovascular and respiratory responses.
3. Types of exercise include static, which involves constant muscle tension, and dynamic, which involves rhythmic contraction and relaxation with changing muscle length. Aerobic exercise uses oxygen and fuels stored in muscles, while anaerobic exercise occurs without oxygen, using stored creatine phosphate and glycogen.
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Exercise physiology, a highly dynamic and deep topic, is critical to understand in order to optimise physical performance.
Robert Henning (B.Sc, B.ScHons, M.Sc) from Pacer Running discusses research and application on the topic.
Mountain climbing ( Assignment 4 & 5 )
The document discusses the physiological effects of high altitude mountain climbing. It explains that at higher altitudes, there is lower atmospheric pressure and oxygen availability. This can cause hypoxia, or oxygen deprivation. When climbing, the body initially responds by increasing breathing and heart rates. Over time with acclimatization, the body adapts through growing more red blood cells and increasing lung and heart capacity. Without returning to lower altitudes, hypoxia can lead to serious conditions like pulmonary or cerebral edema and even death. Treatments include returning to lower altitudes, administering oxygen, or hyperventilating to increase oxygen levels in the blood. Being female increases risks slightly during pregnancy due to higher oxygen demands.
Presentation2
When climbing Mount Everest, the man's circulatory and respiratory systems undergo several changes to provide oxygen to his working muscles:
His heart rate increases to pump more oxygen-rich blood while diastolic blood pressure drops and systolic pressure and blood volume rise. His breathing also deepens and his ventilation rate increases to deliver more oxygen to his bloodstream.
Upon reaching the peak, tissue hypoxia occurs due to less oxygen in the thin air. His heart works harder, pumping more blood, while lung conditions involve faster, deeper breathing and increased pulmonary artery pressure to compensate for the lower oxygen levels.
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Here are the key ways pulmonary ventilation increases during different levels of exercise:
1. Effect of exercise on Body systems
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
Lesson 1 short term effect (musculoskeletal)
The document describes the short-term effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems and their importance for sports performance. It discusses how warming up makes muscles more pliable and joints more lubricated through small tears and increased range of motion, reducing the risk of injury. It also mentions demonstrating warm-up exercises and identifying the equipment and protocol for the sit and reach flexibility test.
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The document summarizes the acute and chronic responses of the body to exercise. For acute responses, it describes how cardiovascular factors like heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure increase during exercise to deliver more oxygen to working muscles. Respiratory responses also increase oxygen uptake and ventilation. Chronic adaptations to training include increased maximum oxygen uptake and efficiency of oxygen delivery systems in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems over 6-8 weeks of regular aerobic training. Anaerobic training leads to increased muscle size, strength and power over the same duration.
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10. muscle energy lecture 5
This document discusses three main metabolic systems that provide energy for muscle contraction:
1) The phosphocreatine-creatine system provides quick energy during high intensity activities like sprinting. It builds up a store of phosphorylcreatine that is hydrolyzed to form ATP.
2) The glycogen-lactic acid system breaks down glycogen stores in muscle into glucose and then lactate, producing ATP through glycolysis even without oxygen.
3) The aerobic system fully breaks down fuels like fats and carbohydrates with oxygen to produce substantially more ATP over longer periods.
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The document discusses the differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise and respiration. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce energy through a slower process, while anaerobic respiration produces energy faster without oxygen. Aerobic exercise relies on the aerobic system and includes moderate to hard continuous activities like long-distance running. Anaerobic exercise is very short and intense, like sprints, using fast bursts that outpace the body's oxygen delivery. The recovery period after anaerobic exercise allows the body to pay back its oxygen debt from lactic acid buildup.
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- During exercise, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production increase greatly. Large amounts of oxygen diffuse into the blood in the lungs, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli. Increased pulmonary ventilation maintains stable alveolar gas concentrations to allow for efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
- As exercise intensity increases, minute ventilation increases disproportionately to the rise in oxygen uptake at a point called the ventilatory threshold. This is due to non-metabolic carbon dioxide production from lactate buffering, which stimulates further ventilation.
- The onset of blood lactate accumulation occurs when blood lactate levels begin to rise above baseline, typically between 55-65% of maximum oxygen uptake in untrained individuals. This
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Influence of exercise on respiratory system
Exercise has both short-term and long-term effects on the respiratory system. In the short-term, exercise increases respiratory rate, tidal volume, and the rate of gas exchange. In the long-term, it strengthens respiratory muscles, increases respiratory volume, improves lung efficiency, and makes gas exchange more efficient. Regular exercise helps the lungs work harder to increase oxygen intake and remove carbon dioxide, ultimately improving pulmonary function.
Physiological changes during sports and exercise
During exercise and sports, the body undergoes several physiological changes. Moderate exercise increases cardiac output to 20 liters per minute as the heart rate and breathing rate increase. Severe exercise can increase cardiac output to 35 liters per minute. The lungs work harder to remove more carbon dioxide. The blood experiences mild hypoxia which increases red blood cell production. Muscles produce more lactic acid as an end product of metabolism. The skin, kidneys, lungs, and gastrointestinal system all work to eliminate and process wastes from the increased activity levels in the body during exercise.
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Exercise has short-term and long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. Short-term effects include an increased heart rate and blood pressure as the body demands more oxygen-rich blood during exercise. Long-term effects are that regular exercise causes the heart to enlarge and strengthen over time, increasing stroke volume and cardiac output even at rest, and decreasing resting heart rate. Regular exercise also causes the arteries to become more elastic.
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2. Increased oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal in tissues during exercise is achieved through cardiovascular and respiratory responses.
3. Types of exercise include static, which involves constant muscle tension, and dynamic, which involves rhythmic contraction and relaxation with changing muscle length. Aerobic exercise uses oxygen and fuels stored in muscles, while anaerobic exercise occurs without oxygen, using stored creatine phosphate and glycogen.
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This document discusses how the human body adapts to increased altitude and strenuous activity during mountain climbing. It explains that aerobic training results in improved lung ventilation and maximum oxygen uptake through increases in cardiac output, red blood cells, oxygen delivery and utilization. It also describes altitude sickness conditions like AMS, HACE, and HAPE that can occur at high altitudes due to reduced oxygen levels, and symptoms and treatments for these conditions.
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The circulatory and respiratory systems adapt to high altitudes. The heart beats faster to transport more oxygen to tissues via increased blood flow and red blood cell count. Breathing also increases to take in and release more oxygen and carbon dioxide. When at high peaks, the stroke volume slightly decreases while other changes occur throughout the oxygen transport system. Altitude sickness can develop when the body does not quickly adjust to low oxygen pressures above 2,000m, causing symptoms like headaches and fatigue. Both men and women are equally affected by altitude sickness.
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The document discusses respiratory changes that occur during exercise. It states that exercise increases both breathing rate and tidal volume. During light exercise, ventilation increases mainly by deeper breathing, while during intense exercise it increases more through faster breathing. For steady exercise, ventilation rises through both deeper and faster breathing. The document explores various physiological adjustments made by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in response to differing exercise intensities and durations.
Assignment 4 & 5 bzt 214
When climbing a mountain:
1) The cardiovascular control center activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood flow to working muscles.
2) Increased breathing and muscle pumping improves venous return, increasing stroke volume and cardiac output.
3) Blood flow shifts from other organs to the skeletal muscles and heart.
When reaching high altitudes:
1) Decreased oxygen causes arterial chemoreceptors to increase breathing rate, restoring blood oxygen levels.
2) Increased ventilation lowers carbon dioxide levels, causing hypocapnia.
Symptoms of high altitude sickness include cyanosis, nausea, headaches, breathlessness, fatigue, and increased blood pressure. Treatments include supplemental oxygen through ventil
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BZT 214 ASSIGNMENT 4 & 5
- 1. BZT 214 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT 4 & 5 TAN SUE HAN 116723
- 2. QUESTION 1: How do strenuous activities like climbing the mountains affect the circulatory and respiratory system?
- 3. Circulatory system Due to the increased need for oxygen and increased level of carbon dioxide in the cells, more oxygenated blood must be pumped to the cells in order to supply the oxygen the cells need and remove the carbon dioxide the cells produced. Hence, the heart will start pumping faster, the frequency of the heart pumping increases.
- 4. Respiratory system The surface of gas exchange happens at the alveoli, which is only one cell thick. A steady supply of oxygen is required for the body to perform at its maximum. Mountain climbers will need more oxygen.
- 5. Breathing frequency increases, and the intercostal muscles work antagonistically to help enhance the breathing process. More air is inhaled, and more carbon dioxide is exhaled out.
- 6. QUESTION 2: What are the changes to the respiratory and circulatory system when the mountain climber reached the highest peak?
- 7. Higher the altitude (i.e. the peak), the thinner the air gets. Hence, the oxygen the mountain climber is much more lower compared to the level of the oxygen he can get on lower ground. To adapt to the surroundings, there will be an increase in breathing rate and heart rate, even when the body is at rest, in order to provide the body with more oxygen. The heart will beat at a higher rate so that more oxygen reaches the cell, by pumping oxygenated blood.
- 8. QUESTION 3: If he were to suffer from hypoxia/ high altitude sickness, what are his symptoms and what are the possible treatments?
- 9. Among the symptoms of hypoxia are : Rapid breathing Poor coordination Dizziness Muscles fatigue Lethargy Headache Cyanosis (Blue discolouration of the skin)
- 10. The possible treatments are: Supplemental oxygen therapy which the patients will be asked to wear a face mask connected to an oxygen cylinder Blood transfusions are given if the mountain climber has hypoxemic hypoxia (abnormally low level of oxygen in blood, more specifically in arterial blood) Medications
- 11. BONUS QUESTION: Would it make any differences if the climber is female?
- 12. NO, NOT REALLY. Mountain climbing activity depends on the endurance of that particular person. But then again, male have more upper strength while females have more fats in their body. So, each gender has its own pros and cons. But ultimately, it is the stamina and how well the body adapts to the surroundings are what really matters when it comes to climbing mountains.