This document discusses the components and basic designs of burglar alarm systems. It explains that most systems use simple electric circuits broken by doors or windows opening to trigger alarms. There are two main types of circuits - closed circuits, where the circuit is complete when closed, and open circuits, where it is complete when open. Modern systems add a control box that monitors circuits and sounds an alarm until a code is entered. Motion detectors like radar, lasers, and infrared are also used to detect intruders inside a home once entry is made.
Powerbar is E+I Engineering’s patented range of busbar trunking, designed to deliver power to electrical loads. The development of Powerbar complements E+I Engineering’s switchgear range to provide a complete power distribution solution. Powerbar products are built with patented processes that ensure it is the most reliable form of busbar trunking on the market.
This is our brand new product, 992BK - Video Door Phone. The system is an intelligent product for home, office and business security based on advanced CCTV
system. It maximizes safety by seeing the visitor before opening the door.
Even in the dark, night vision with infrared leds makes you identify the visitor.
This is to design a circuit such that one can control home or industrial appliance using the help of remote. This circuit can be used to any of your home appliances (lamp, fan, radio, etc.) to make the appliance turn on/off from a TV remote control.
Using remote to control appliances reduces human efforts without compromising on efficiency. It also saves time. Infrared (IR) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 μm and extending conventionally to 300 μm,. These radiations with a frequency below our eyes sensitivity cannot be seen, but can only be felt by our skin temperature sensors. Infrared is interesting, because it is easily generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic interference and so it is widely used in communication and control circuits. The adventure of using lots of infrared in TV remote controls helped engineers to work on innovative projects like controlling home appliances using TV remotes etc. Receiver in the circuit receives pulsed IR rays from the remote and decoded signal is thus received by relay driver whose output activates the corresponding home appliance. According to this, it makes sense that the logical direction about managing home appliances (HASs) in the near future is going to be by means of a remote control. But wireless technologies in domestics should be implemented carefully.
This Document helps you getting the overview on some important aspects of home security systems, sensors, detectors and help you keep your home safe by following these simple tips
In this slide we are showing you function of the epabx system. Epabx system is used in small medium company and big organization also. At tradeindia we are providing quality manufacturers and suppliers of epabx system.
Powerbar is E+I Engineering’s patented range of busbar trunking, designed to deliver power to electrical loads. The development of Powerbar complements E+I Engineering’s switchgear range to provide a complete power distribution solution. Powerbar products are built with patented processes that ensure it is the most reliable form of busbar trunking on the market.
This is our brand new product, 992BK - Video Door Phone. The system is an intelligent product for home, office and business security based on advanced CCTV
system. It maximizes safety by seeing the visitor before opening the door.
Even in the dark, night vision with infrared leds makes you identify the visitor.
This is to design a circuit such that one can control home or industrial appliance using the help of remote. This circuit can be used to any of your home appliances (lamp, fan, radio, etc.) to make the appliance turn on/off from a TV remote control.
Using remote to control appliances reduces human efforts without compromising on efficiency. It also saves time. Infrared (IR) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 μm and extending conventionally to 300 μm,. These radiations with a frequency below our eyes sensitivity cannot be seen, but can only be felt by our skin temperature sensors. Infrared is interesting, because it is easily generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic interference and so it is widely used in communication and control circuits. The adventure of using lots of infrared in TV remote controls helped engineers to work on innovative projects like controlling home appliances using TV remotes etc. Receiver in the circuit receives pulsed IR rays from the remote and decoded signal is thus received by relay driver whose output activates the corresponding home appliance. According to this, it makes sense that the logical direction about managing home appliances (HASs) in the near future is going to be by means of a remote control. But wireless technologies in domestics should be implemented carefully.
This Document helps you getting the overview on some important aspects of home security systems, sensors, detectors and help you keep your home safe by following these simple tips
In this slide we are showing you function of the epabx system. Epabx system is used in small medium company and big organization also. At tradeindia we are providing quality manufacturers and suppliers of epabx system.
Detailed explaination of how fire alarm system works in a building, its networking systems and what are the minimum requirements needed for a fire protection system in a building.
Blaze Manufactures World's best Wireless Security Alarm systems with high security features. Blaze provides Monitored Home and Shop / show room security alarm systems to cater the needs of a wide range of customers.
Blaze's security alarm system most reliable and rugged. Its power backup facility for 24 hours under power loss is a awesome feature
Detailed explaination of how fire alarm system works in a building, its networking systems and what are the minimum requirements needed for a fire protection system in a building.
Blaze Manufactures World's best Wireless Security Alarm systems with high security features. Blaze provides Monitored Home and Shop / show room security alarm systems to cater the needs of a wide range of customers.
Blaze's security alarm system most reliable and rugged. Its power backup facility for 24 hours under power loss is a awesome feature
It is a type of bell . Bell in the sense which can give the deaf a little sense that someone is in the door sight. By using this Door Bell the deaf can have a sense that some is actually looking for the Person(Deaf) who is inside the room....
Its a subject itself nowadays. here are the Notes for the fire safety. it contains the prosses for the treatment technics that can be used through the architectural planning and the popular technologies that used for the fire safety.
This presentation helps you getting the overview on some important aspects of home security systems, sensors, detectors and help you keep your home safe by following these simple tips
AC Distribution in Bangladesh (in a nutshell)Ridwanul Hoque
Power System is an integrated network that interconnects the installations for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. In Bangladesh electricity is generated at 50 Hertz frequency and at a nominal voltage of 11 KV (Kilo Volts) or 15 KV to be stepped up through transformers to 132 kV or 230 kV for feeding to the grid i.e. a high voltage transmission network that transmits the power to grid substation transformers to be stepped down at 33 kV. 11 kV and 0.4 kV for delivery to the consumers of various categories.
In electronics, impedance matching is the practice of designing the input impedance of an electrical load or the output impedance of its corresponding signal source to maximize the power transfer or minimize signal reflection from the load.
Loadability of line is defined as the extent of load which can flow through the line without exceeding the limitations. Line Loadability is expressed in percentage of Surge Impedance Loading of line. The limiting factor for line loading are: thermal limit, voltage drop limit and steady state stability.
Equipment and Stability Constraints : System OperationRidwanul Hoque
There are two types of constraints which limit the capability of a power system: If the overloading exceeds limits, the equipment is tripped out by protection systems. b) Stability Constraints: A power system may not be able to cater to power flows beyond a certain point due to stability constraints.
A power system control is required to maintain a continuous balance between power generation and load demand. Load Frequency Controller and Automatic Voltage Regulator play an important role in maintaining constant frequency and voltage in order to ensure the reliability of electric power.
HVDC stands for high voltage direct current, a well-proven technology used to transmit electricity over long distances by overhead transmission lines or submarine cables. It is also used to interconnect separate power systems, where traditional alternating current (AC) connections cannot be used.
Hydro Power Plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
There are three main types of conventional hydropower technologies: impoundment (dam), diversion, and pumped storage. Impoundment is the most common type of hydroelectric power plant. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydro-power system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir.
The Rankine cycle or Rankine Vapor Cycle is the process widely used by power plants such as coal-fired power plants or nuclear reactors. In this mechanism, a fuel is used to produce heat within a boiler, converting water into steam which then expands through a turbine producing useful work.
The steam-electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam driven.
The steam-electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam driven.
The Rankine cycle or Rankine Vapor Cycle is the process widely used by power plants such as coal-fired power plants or nuclear reactors. In this mechanism, a fuel is used to produce heat within a boiler, converting water into steam which then expands through a turbine producing useful work.
The aim of our presentation is to describe the AC Distribution system in Bangladesh.
Following are the focused points in terms of Bangladesh perspective:
1. Distribution Procedure
2. Primary and Secondary Distribution System
3. Distribution Substation
4. Distribution Companies
5. Distribution in both City and Rural Area
6. Distribution Loss
7. Protective Devices
8. User Variety
8. Billing Procedure
Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact.
Economic operation of power system. (i) One dealing with minimum cost of power production called Economic dispatch. (ii) Other dealing with minimum loss of the generated power delivery to the loads. For any specified load condition, economic dispatch (i) determines the power output of each plant.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. • Burglar alarms have become standard equipment in
stores and other businesses, and they're becoming
increasingly common in private homes as well. If
you've ever shopped for a home security system,
then you know there are a wide variety of options
available.
• These systems range from do-it-yourself kits you can
pick up for $10 to sophisticated whole-house
security networks that must be installed by
professionals. But, as it turns out, most alarm
systems are actually built around the same basic
design concepts.
2
3. • The most basic burglar alarm is a simple electric
circuit built into an entry way.
• In a burglar alarm, the switch detects the act of
intrusion - opening a door or window, for
example.
• These sorts of alarms are divided into two
categories:
- closed-circuit system
- open-circuit system
3
4. Closed Circuit System
• In a closed-circuit system, the electric circuit is closed
when the door is shut.
• This means that as long as the door is closed,
electricity can flow from one end of the circuit to the
other.
• But if somebody opens the door, the circuit is opened,
and electricity can't flow. This triggers an alarm.
4
5. Open Circuit System
In an open-circuit system, opening the door closes the
circuit, so electricity begins to flow.
In this system, the alarm is triggered when the circuit
is completed.
There are a number of ways to build this sort of
circuit into an entry way.
Closed circuits are normally a better choice than open
circuits because an intruder can deactivate the open
circuit by simply cutting the connected wires when
the door is closed (as the ckt is open).
5
6. Components of Closed Circuit System
A magnetic sensor in a closed circuit consists of a
few simple components. For the most basic design,
you need:
- A battery powering a circuit
- A spring-driven metal switch built into a door frame
- A magnet embedded in the door, lined up with the
switch
- A separately-powered buzzer.
6
8. • When the door is closed, the magnet pulls the metal switch
closed so the circuit is complete.
• The current powers the relay's electromagnet, so the buzzer
circuit stays open.
• When you move the magnet by opening the door, the spring
snaps the switch back into the open position. This cuts off the
current and closes the relay, sounding the alarm.
• You can also build this sort of system into a window. If an
intruder pushes a window open, the magnet slides out of line
with the switch, and the buzzer is activated.
8
9. • Another simple burglar alarm uses a small button as the switch.
The button is embedded in the door frame, so closing the door
pushes it in.
• When somebody opens the door, the button is released,
changing the circuit and sounding the alarm.
• With just a battery and buzzer, these designs make for fairly
flawed security systems.
• The burglar only needs to close the door again to turn the
buzzer off. That's why most modern burglar alarms incorporate
another piece into the circuit -- the control box.
9
10. • The control box is hooked up to one or more alarm circuits, but it
also has its own power supply. It monitors the circuits and
sounds the alarm when they are closed or opened (depending on
the design).
• Once the alarm is triggered, the control box does not cut it off
until somebody enters a security code at a connected keypad.
• For added security, the control box is usually positioned in an
out-of-the-way spot, so the intruder can't find it and attempt to
destroy it.
• Using this basic concept, you can create all sorts of alarm
systems. Just imagine what a burglar might do to break into a
house, and then turn that action into the circuit switch.
10
11. • For example, an intruder might break through a window, so you
could make the glass itself a circuit. The easiest way to do this is
run a current through a thin line of foil wire affixed to the surface
of the glass. If a burglar breaks the glass, the circuit is broken,
and the alarm is triggered.
• Floor mats are another simple option. A basic floor mat uses an
open circuit design with two metal strips spaced apart. When
somebody steps on the mat, the pressure pushes the two metal
strips together, completing a circuit.
• All of these circuit systems are best for guarding the perimeter of
a house or business - the points an intruder would enter the
building.
• Now, we'll look at systems that detect an intruder once he or she
has already made it inside.
11
12. Motion Detector
• Bugler alarms are very effective for guarding the perimeter of a
house, but they don't work so well inside a building.
• This is because the intruder's actions are highly unpredictable,
where they'll go or what they'll touch. A specific "trigger" isn't
very effective. To detect an intruder who's already in the house,
you need a motion detector.
• Basic motion detectors are fairly common these days. You see
them all the time in automatic doors, for example. There are
several different sorts of detectors.
• An automatic door opener is an example of a radar-based motion
detector.
12
13. Motion Detector
1. Radio Energy Detector:
• The box above the door sends out bursts of microwave radio
energy/ultrasonic sound waves and then waits for the reflected
energy to bounce back. If there is nobody in front of the door,
the radio energy will bounce back in the same pattern.
• But, if somebody enters the area, the reflection pattern is
disturbed. When it happens, the sensor sends a signal and the
door opens. In a security system, the sensor sends an alarm
signal when the reflection pattern in a room is disturbed.
13
14. The Motion Detector Emits Radio
Energy into a Room & Monitors the
Reflection Pattern
If Somebody Disturbs the Reflection
Pattern, the Motion Detector Sends an
Alarm Signal to the Control Box.
14
Motion Detector
15. 2. Laser Beam Detector:
Another simple design is a photo-sensor motion detector. These
are the devices you might see in a store at a shopping mall.
When somebody enters the store, the motion detector sounds a
chime or bell. Photo-sensors have two components:
- A source of focused light (often a laser beam)
- A light sensor
• In a home security system, you aim the beam at the light sensor,
across a passageway in your house.
• When somebody walks between the light source and the sensor,
the path of the beam is blocked briefly. The sensor registers a
drop in light levels and sends a signal to the control box.
15
Motion Detector
16. 3. IR Beam Detector: More advanced security systems include
passive infrared (PIR) motion detectors.
• These sensors "see" the infrared energy emitted by an
intruder's body heat.
• When an intruder walks into the field of view of the detector,
the sensor detects a sharp increase in infrared energy. Of
course, there will always be gradual fluctuation of heat energy
in an area, so PIR detectors are designed to trigger the alarm
only when infrared energy levels change very rapidly.
16
Motion Detector
17. • All these motion detector designs can be combined in a house to
offer complete coverage. In a typical security system, the control
box will not sound the alarm immediately when the motion
detectors are triggered. There is a short delay to give the
homeowner time to enter a security code that turns the system
off.
• If the security code is not entered, however, the control box will
activate various alarms. In the next section, we'll look at some of
the alarm types you might find in a typical security system.
17
Motion Detector