Burdur governorate provinncial directorate of culture and tourism
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Kibyra was located at a cultural crossroads in ancient Anatolia and controlled important trade routes. While the meaning of its name "Kibyra" is unclear, it likely originated from the Luwian language spoken in western Anatolia. According to the geographer Strabo, the Kibyrians originally lived in Lydia but later migrated and founded the city of Kibyra in the 2nd century BC. Under Roman rule, Kibyra was an important political and economic center, with a vibrant workshop and trading industry, until it was damaged by an earthquake in the 1st century AD.
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The document discusses music recommendations at Spotify and introduces Emily Samuels. It mentions Word2Vec, a technique where words with similar contexts have similar meanings. It also notes that Spotify has approximate nearest neighbor algorithms and lists Spotify's free software projects and indicates Spotify is hiring. It provides Emily Samuels' contact information to ask questions.
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This document provides information about the history and culture of Burdur, Turkey. It discusses how Burdur has been inhabited since ancient times, with settlements dating back to 6500 BC at Hacilar and Kurucay. These early settlements produced pottery, mother goddess statues, and stone tools. Burdur has experienced many ruling powers over the centuries, including the Hittites, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. The region remains culturally rich with ancient cities, tumuli, monuments, and architecture from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. A highlight discussed is the Hacilar tumuli site which produced famous standing mother goddess figures and shed light on Neolithic life in Anatolia through excavations in the 1950
Ephesus
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. It was originally built by Greek colonists in the 10th century BC. Some of the most notable sites discovered in Ephesus include the sanctuary of Artemis, the Great Theater from the Hellenistic period, and the Celsus Library built in the early 2nd century AD. The city flourished under Roman rule from the 2nd century BC onward and contained important structures like a commercial market, fountains, and monuments honoring various Roman emperors and officials. Archaeological excavations since the 19th century have uncovered settlements, temples, churches, and other buildings that demonstrate Ephesus was a significant urban center in the
garretttylerreport3
This document summarizes an airfoil lab experiment where students:
1) Calculated the mean camber line and plotted an airfoil shape.
2) Computed lift per unit span by integrating a circulation equation.
3) Determined maximum lift by plotting lift vs angle of attack.
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However, the document notes that while the cylinder produced more theoretical lift, it is not a practical solution for aircraft due to high energy requirements for spinning.
Highway to health
1) The document discusses malaria, diabetes, and Ebola virus. It provides key facts about the diseases, including their causes, symptoms, transmission methods, prevention, and treatment.
2) Malaria is caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Between 2000-2015, malaria cases and deaths fell globally due to prevention and treatment efforts.
3) Diabetes is caused by the body's inability to produce or use insulin properly and can lead to serious health issues if not managed. Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help prevent type 2 diabetes.
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Why art matters module 3
Cross-cultural exchanges have occurred since ancient times through trade between civilizations. These trading activities transferred not only goods but also ideas, traditions, and belief systems. Major developments like the establishment of agriculture and the adoption of writing from the Sumerians by other cultures facilitated increased trade and cross-cultural sharing. The expansion of empires like those of Alexander the Great and Rome further spread Hellenistic and Roman influence and allowed for blending of cultures across wide regions through commerce, administration, and intermarriage between locals and foreigners.
Early civilisations
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that developed around 6000 BC along major river valleys, adopting irrigation for abundant harvests. They created hierarchical societies with kings, priests, and social classes, and writing emerged around 3500 BC for administration. Mesopotamia's civilization arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in a fertile region with shifting empires like Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria over time, developing systems of laws, trade, and cuneiform writing on clay tablets.
Why art matters module 3
This document discusses the history of cross-cultural exchanges from ancient times through the Roman Empire. It notes that early trade brought significant cultural exchanges, including the transfer of ideas, traditions, and beliefs. It provides examples of art from the Minoan, Mycenaean, and Sumerian cultures that illustrate cultural influences through trade. The document also summarizes the influence and spread of cultures like the Babylonians, Greeks under Alexander the Great, and Romans through conquest and empire building.
Why art matters module 3
This document discusses the history of cross-cultural exchanges from ancient times through the Renaissance. It describes how trade brought ideas, traditions, and beliefs as civilizations came into contact. Writing, agriculture, and early trade enabled further cultural diffusion. Specific examples highlight the transmission of artistic styles, like how the Minoans influenced Mycenaean pottery designs. The document also outlines the spread of ideas and institutions from ancient Mesopotamian civilizations like Sumeria and Babylon through empires like those of Alexander the Great and the Romans. Key developments like Hammurabi's code of laws and the adoption of alphabet systems facilitated cultural exchange. The Renaissance saw Rome as a center of western civilization and hub for the transmission of
Chapter 6 Powerpoint notes for Strayer Chapter 6 - Commonalities & Variations...
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
Unit 2. Early civilisation
1) The document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt, outlining their common characteristics including reliance on river valleys for agriculture, hierarchical social structures, and the development of writing, law codes, and polytheistic religions.
2) It then examines the civilizations of Mesopotamia in more detail, covering the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians as well as their architecture, sculpture, and literature.
3) Finally, key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization are outlined such as its lengthy history, the importance of the pharaoh and Nile River, religious beliefs centered around death and the afterlife, and architectural
Unit 2. Early civilisation
1) The document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt, outlining their common characteristics including reliance on river valleys for agriculture, hierarchical social structures, and the development of writing, law codes, and polytheistic religions.
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3) Details are also given about ancient Egyptian society centered around the pharaoh, their polytheistic religion focused on death and the afterlife, reliance on the Nile River, and
Mesopotamian civilization
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It was the site of several early civilizations including the Sumerians around 3500 BC. The Sumerians established independent city-states like Ur and Uruk and developed irrigation for agriculture. Later empires that ruled Mesopotamia included the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians. Mesopotamian culture included polytheistic religions, innovations in mathematics and science, and architectural achievements like ziggurats and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
02 the ancient world
The document provides information on early civilizations including Sumer and Babylon in Mesopotamia as well as art from the Stone Age period. It discusses that Sumer may have been the first civilization and emerged around 5000 BC developing religion, society, and the earliest written language of cuneiform. Babylon later influenced the region adopting Sumerian culture. The Code of Hammurabi established one of the first legal systems. Stone Age art included sophisticated cave paintings from the Chauvet, Lascaux, and Altamira caves between 15,000-30,000 BC depicting animals. Sculptures and architecture also developed during early civilizations.
Nubi Apowerpoint3
Nubia was influenced by cultural diffusion from neighboring regions, with which it interacted through trade. It adopted religious beliefs like polytheism and Christianity from Egypt, and later Islam from Arabs. Nubian society developed skills in areas like record keeping, art, agriculture and trade that were introduced via its interactions with Egypt and other traders along the Nile River.
The byzantine world__russia
The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire that continued even after the western half fell to invaders. In the 4th century AD, Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves to make it easier to govern. The eastern half became known as the Byzantine Empire and had its capital at Constantinople. It preserved Greek and Roman culture for centuries until Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
The byzantine world__russia
The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire that continued even after the western half fell to invaders. In the 4th century AD, Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves to make it easier to govern. The eastern half became known as the Byzantine Empire, with its capital at Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire preserved Greek and Roman culture for centuries and influenced the development of Orthodox Christianity and Slavic states like Kievan Rus and eventually Russia. It lasted until 1453 when the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, marking the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
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Lecture 6 before israel, syria palestine in the bronze age
This document provides background information on Syria-Palestine in the Bronze Age. It discusses how the region was home to distinct cultures and urbanization began around 3000 BC with small fortified cities emerging. During this time, Palestine contained several fortified towns and villages. Ancient tablets found at sites like Ebla, Mari, Ugarit, and Amarna provided valuable insights into the political, economic, and religious aspects of the cultures in Syria-Palestine during the Bronze Age. The tablets uncovered at Mari and Ugarit in particular shed light on cultural practices also described in the Hebrew Bible.
Early civilisations
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that emerged around 6000 BC along major river valleys, developing irrigation, cities, social hierarchy, governments, and early forms of writing. Mesopotamia emerged between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Early civilizations like Sumer and Akkad developed, and empires like Babylon and Assyria rose and fell over time in Mesopotamia before it was conquered by Persia. Mesopotamian culture included polytheistic religions centered around temples, advances in math, astronomy, and medicine, and architectural achievements like ziggurats and palaces built from mudbricks and decorated
Bronze age history of world
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.
Ancient civilization
The document provides an overview of several ancient civilizations including Chinese, Indus Valley, Egyptian, Sumerian, Greek, Roman, Viking, and Mayan civilizations. It discusses the key characteristics of civilization in general and then provides details about the location, time period, important features, and trades of each civilization. A timeline is also included to show the eras of the different civilizations.
Sumerians
- Sumer was an ancient civilization located in southern Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) from around 4500 BC to 2000 BC. It is considered one of the earliest civilizations in the world.
- The Sumerians developed new techniques in agriculture such as irrigation, which allowed cities and states to form along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This led to the development of writing, specialized labor, trade, and greater population densities.
- Sumerian city-states rose to power between 2900 BC to 2334 BC until it was conquered by the Akkadian Empire. After a brief resurgence, Sumerian dominance ended as the region became dominated by Semitic
Fertile Crescent
The document provides an overview of the Fertile Crescent region located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the early civilizations that emerged there, including the Sumerians around 3200 BC. Key aspects of society, government, religion, and cultural developments in Mesopotamia are summarized, such as the use of cuneiform writing and the later influence of empires like Babylon, Assyria, and Persia in the region.
Ap World History Presentation Verson1 3
Mesopotamia, known as the "Land Between the Rivers", was an early civilization located in modern day Iraq that developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It was one of the earliest areas of human settlement and agriculture, with cities like Sumer developing complex irrigation systems and growing to populations over 100,000 people by 3000 BCE. Mesopotamian civilization made many advances, such as creating one of the earliest systems of writing called cuneiform and developing codes of law under rulers like Hammurabi of Babylon. Mesopotamian society was patriarchal and divided into social classes, but also engaged in international trade and cultural exchange with neighboring groups.
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This document provides a list of areas and facilities at Cumhuriyet Anatolian High School, including a school garden, Ataturk corner, canteen, stairs, corridor, English corner, classrooms, small museum, library, teachers room, school museum, and staff. It was prepared by three 10th grade students, Ada Gokce, Adile Kübra Engin, and Sila Gürel.
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The water treatment plant removes solids in large clarifier tanks. The water then undergoes ozone disinfection and filtration through six filters that can each filter over 16 million gallons per day. The filtered water receives final disinfection with chlorine and chloramine to kill any remaining bacteria or viruses. Mud from the bottom of the clarifiers is sent to holding ponds to settle and thicken before further treatment.
Osmaniye museum
This document provides a brief overview of exhibits at the Osmaniye Museum, including Ottoman military artifacts, folk songs, the Mausoleum of Atatürk, and displays showcasing old professions like barbers, kitchens, games, photography, weddings, and jewellery, as well as wood carving.
Tiyatro elif
Traditional Turkish theatre developed during the Ottoman Empire and includes various folk theatres and village plays. It is largely based on improvisation rather than written texts and focuses on comedy. Some key forms include Karagöz and Hacivat shadow puppet theatre, Meddah storytelling, Ortaoyunu street theatre, and village plays performed at rural celebrations.
İstanbul the maiden's tower
The Maiden's Tower is located off the coast of Istanbul. While the exact date of construction is unknown, some sources date it to around 340 BCE. Over the centuries, the tower has been rebuilt and renovated for various purposes, including as a lighthouse and restaurant. Local legends explain the tower's name, including that of a princess who died of a snakebite there, and a young couple separated by a storm after meeting in the tower nightly.
İnsuyu mağarası
The legend of the Cave of Sagalassos tells of a princess who married against her father's wishes. As punishment, the angry king had the couple left to die in the farthest corner of Insuyu cave. While imprisoned there, they were fed by healing waters and their growing love illuminated the cave, revealing an exit. The magic of the princess ensured they were never found after escaping the cave that day. Insuyu cave near Burdur, Turkey consists of 9 interconnected chambers containing karst ponds and underground rivers formed over time by erosion. Stalactites and stalagmites cover the interior while a small stream mixes carbonated mineral water within.
Burdur stone room
The Burdur Stone Room is a 17th century Ottoman civil architecture building constructed by Emin Bey from the Kınalı Kabilesi. It is a two-story structure with the first floor constructed of stone and the second of mud brick and wood. The ground floor contains two large rooms and one small room connected by pointed arches, as well as a fountain made of cut stone blocks in the entryway. The second floor is accessed by a wooden staircase and contains a central Sofa room with a wooden and painted roof surrounded by rectangular rooms arranged to the south and west.
Burdur Museum
The Burdur archaeology museum opened in 1969 and features statues, tombstones, friezes, and sarcophagi from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods in the garden entrance. The museum also houses a dancer girl statue found in Sagalassos ancient city along with statues from the Imperial Tiberius Caesar Augustus period. Additionally, the Kremna lounge displays statues of various Greek gods from the Roman colony town of Kremna in Pisidia.
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The survey results from Turkey
The research about the environment and preservation has been done by the students at Burdur Cumhuriyet Anadolu Lisesi in Burdur-Turkey.The questionnaire has been delivered equally to 25 girls and 25 boys.You can see the survey results here.
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Turkey has significant potential for solar power due to its high levels of sunlight throughout the year. The southern and western parts of Turkey commonly use solar power for water heating. Solar energy is also used for electricity production, industrial processes, greenhouse heating, and distillation. While solar panels are still mostly used in remote areas without electric grids, Turkey has over 100 solar energy companies and is a major producer and user of solar collectors worldwide.
Hydropower and wind power in Turkey by Kaan
Hydroelectric power plays a critical role in Turkey's energy production due to its mountainous terrain and location between seas. Turkey has built many dams over the years, increasing hydroelectric capacity to around 23GW currently. Major projects like the Southeastern Anatolia Project plan to add another 15GW of capacity. While hydroelectricity benefits the environment through reduced carbon emissions, dams have negatively impacted species and communities through issues like erosion, salinity, and displacement.
9. the most environmentally friendly source of energy
While renewable energy sources are more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels, they are not perfect and can have negative environmental impacts. Wind turbines may kill birds and cause noise pollution. Solar power plants require large amounts of water for cooling and habitat space. Geothermal energy risks releasing harmful gases if drilling is not done properly. Tidal and wave projects can disturb marine ecosystems with noise and visual pollution. However, renewable energy is currently the best option available to fight climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. More development of renewable energy is needed over time to make it competitive with fossil fuels without passing an environmental point of no return.
Natural gas in Turkey BYBÜŞRA KEVSER KARAAĞAÇ
Turkey has been a prominent part of schemes over the last 10 years to open a "fourth corridor" of gas supply to European markets. The initial grand vision has now turned to a more modest scheme to supply 10 billion cubic meters of gas per year beyond Turkey. Turkey is the only significant European gas market that has shown strong growth since the financial crisis of 2009, with gas consumption of 45 billion cubic meters in 2012, on par with France.
Geothermal energy in Turkey Büşra Kevser KARAAĞAÇ
Turkey began exploring geothermal energy in the 1970s and opened its first pilot plant. In the 1980s, the pilot plant grew into Turkey's first geothermal power plant. By 2013, Turkey's small initial plant had expanded to become the country's largest geothermal plant. Turkey has significant geothermal potential of 60GW due to its geology, though its existing plants are located over reservoirs with high carbon content that require care to limit emissions.
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- Turkey's electricity consumption rose 2.7% in 2015 to 264.1 billion kWh while output fell 3.1% to 259.7 billion kWh. Additional renewable energy capacity of 4,558 MW was added in 2015 including 219 MW of geothermal, 835.6 MW of wind, and 2,229 MW of hydro.
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AGRİGENTO
The archaeological area of Agrigento in Sicily contains the substantial remains of the ancient Greek city, including several well-preserved Doric temples from the 6th century BC that are considered some of the finest examples of Greek architecture in the world. Founded as a Greek colony, Agrigento grew to be one of the leading cities in the Mediterranean. While parts of the lower city were built over, the temples and sacred areas were left intact, preserving the site. The archaeological park boundary encompasses the entire ancient city and protects not only the visible structures but also unexcavated archaeological remains. Recent restoration work has been conducted according to modern standards, maintaining the authenticity of the site.
Ephesus
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. It was originally built by Greek colonists in the 10th century BC. Some of the most notable sites discovered at Ephesus include the sanctuary of Artemis, the Great Theater from the Hellenistic period, and the Celsus Library built in the 2nd century AD. The commercial market at Ephesus dates back to the 3rd century BC and was expanded under Emperor Augustus. Ephesus contained many other Roman-era structures like temples, monuments, fountains, and a stadium, as well as a large bishop's church from the Byzantine period. Archaeological excavations at Ephesus since the 19th century
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The document summarizes the history of the ancient city of Sagalassos in Turkey from its earliest settlement 8000 BCE to modern excavations. It was originally a mountain site that grew during Phrygian and Lydian rule. Under the Romans it prospered but was later abandoned after earthquakes and epidemics in the 7th century CE. Modern excavations since 1990 have uncovered buildings and monuments documenting its Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. Notable discoveries include a statue of Emperor Hadrian and the head of Faustina the Elder.
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Rice, tomatoes, peppers, onions, spices, salt, mince, tomato sauce, and olive oil are washed and chopped and mixed together with the spices and sauces. Grape leaves are boiled with salt and used to wrap portions of the vegetable mixture, which are then arranged in a pan and cooked in water. The instructions are for making dolma, a dish of stuffed grape leaves.
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Burdur governorate provinncial directorate of culture and tourism
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- 3. * *In antiguity Kibyra was located on the cultural crossroads of Lycia,Caria,Pisidia and Phrygia and controlled the trade routes to the E,W,N and S. Although the exact meaning of ‘‘Kibyra’’ is as yet unclear, the name has no greek roots. In general the word is thought to stem from one of the Luwian dialects which spread over W and SW Anatolia from the Late Bronze Age onwards, in the wake of the dispersal and settlement of the Luwians in the region .
- 5. *Most probably ‘‘Kibrya’’ is a hellenised form of an originally Luwian name.According to Strabo, a well-known geographer and a native of Amasya, the Kibyrians emigrated from their original homesteads in Lydia to sttle in the Kabalis region. Gradually they dominated the Pisidians and other people residing in the area and before long they are said to have founded a city with a perimenter of 100 stadia According to they same source four languages were were spoken at Kibyra: Lydian, Solymian, Pisidian and Greek.
- 7. *Strabo’s claim that Kibyra moved to its present location only at a later date seems to be comfirmed by the discovery of the site of Uylupınar,locared 18km east of Kibyra and bordering lake Gölhisar. This site was occupied from the Early Iron Age onwards and was probably Kibyra’s predecessor before the latter was probably Kibyra’s predecessor before the latter was established during the 4th or 3rd century BC. The present-day remains of Kibyra all date to the Roman period.
- 8. *Under Eumenes II (197-159 BC ) Kibyra was part of the Pergamenian kingdom. Subsequently during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC the city constituted a Tetrapolis with the neighbouring cities of Boubon, Balboura and Oinoanda, thus heralding a period of political independence. The Tetrapolis was governed by a council in which Kibyra had two votes and the other cities each one. According to Strabo Kibyra had earned this privilege since it could muster an infantry of 30.000 soldiers and 2.000 cavalry men. The political independence of the Tetrapolis was brought to an end by the Roman general Murena in 82 BC.
- 10. *After this date Kibyra was part of the Roman province of Asia, while the other cities were added to the Lycian federation. Since Kibyra was the capital of the Tetrapolis it was the political meeting place of the region; the origins of the Bouleuterion of the Roman period, which is still visible now, most probably go back to the hellenistic period. When Kibyra was struck by a severe earthquake in 23 AD, the Roman emperor Tiberius exempted the city of taxes for a period of five years and provided financial support. In this way the city could be rebuilt and, in honour of its benefactor, it changed its name to ‘‘Caesarea Kibyra’’ (‘‘the emperor’s Kibyra’’).
- 11. *In 43 AD the Roman emperor Claudius proclaimed Lycia to be a Roman province.It is assumed that at that the Lycian province extended to Kibyra which formally belonged to the province of Asia, since the first Roman governor of the newly established province of Lycia, Quintius Veranius was appointed by Claudius as Legatus Pro Praetore for the people of Kibyra, and an inscription found at Sydima mentions him as the governor of the province of Lycia as well.The ancient city of Kibyra is located on three hills which are separated by steep cliffs. The construction of the public, civil and religious buildings on these hills was conceived as one whole,hence the city’s symmetrical appearance.
- 13. *All buildings were erected on terraces offering unobstructed views on the plain and Gölhisar Lake.The city’s necropoles surrounded the built area on three sides.Buildings of diverse architectural types occupied the area stretching from the Stadion in the East to theatre and Bouleuterion in the west. Along the same axis the main road and its subsidiaries were constructed, as well as a basilica functioning as an administrative and court centre,temples, a social and commercial meeting place ( the lower and upper Agora). The vibrant economic life of the city is abundantly made clear by the many small workshops.
- 14. *According to the ancient sources and inscriptions Kibyra was well known for its metal- and leatherworking and its horse rearing. the city also had an extensive potter’s quarter, as is witnessed by the dense spread of sherds and production waste on the slopes south of the theatre.