The document discusses building design and construction for fire safety. It outlines five objectives of fire-safe design: life safety, property protection, continuity of operations, environmental protection, and historical preservation. It also describes different types of building construction including non-combustible (Type I-II) and combustible (Type III-V) structures. Testing and ratings of construction materials are discussed in relation to flame spread, smoke development, and fire resistance.

1. Building Design and
Construction
FIRE 1102 – Principles of Fire Science
Reference: Chapter 4 of Cote, Fundamentals of Fire Protection
UAE Tamweel Tower
Objectives of Fire-Safe Building Design
1. Life Safety
2. Property Protection
3. Continuity of Operations
4. Environmental Protection
5. Historical Preservation
Life Safety
• Achieved by early warning of a fire, extinguishment
of a fire, proper egress for prompt escape
• Can the occupants get out before the room becomes
untenable?

2. – We know that flashover is a time when the room
is untenable,
– However there may be a time before flashover
where a room is untenable where concentration
of fire gases (CO) can create such a situation.
• We can do modeling of how long it takes for
occupants to evacuate out of a building and predict
when a room becomes untenable.
• Human Behavior Research
Fire Modeling of Station Night Club Fire
Human Behavior Research
Property Protection
• Materials that can be replaced which have a dollar
value assigned to them.
• Billions of dollars are lost due to fires each year.
• Achieved by installing proper fire extinguishing
systems, compartmentation features to limit spread
and construction of building materials.
Heritage Preservation

3. • Irreplaceable items and artifacts.
• Accomplished using appropriate fire
extinguishing systems.
Mona Lisa Original Copy of
Declaration of
Independence
Hand Written Quran
National Museum of Saudi Arabia
Continuity of Operations
• Getting back to business
• Accomplished by installation of proper fire
extinguishing systems
Environmental Preservation
• Protecting our environment from fire and/or
fire extinguishing agent.
• Installation of fire extinguishing systems that
limit fire size, minimize run-off from water,
using agents that do not adversely affect the
ozone layer.

4. Types of Building Construction
• NonCombustible Construction
– Type I
– Type II
• Combustible Construction
• Type III
• Type IV
• Type V
Type I Construction
Non-combustible
• Fire Resistive
• Constructed of concrete
and protected steel
• Columns and beams are
covered with fire resistive
spray on material.
• Primary hazard are the
contents in the structure.

5. • High-rise office buildings,
shopping centers
Type II Construction
Non-combustible
• Non-Combustible
• Lower degree of fire resistance than
Type I.
• Fire resistant rating on all exterior
and interior load bearing walls.
• May have combustible non-
loadbearing partition walls.
• Columns and beams are not
protected and will be exposed
during a fire.
• Office buildings, warehouses,
automobile repair shops.
Type III Construction
Combustible
• Ordinary Construction
• Office buildings, retail stores, mixed
occupancies with store on first

6. floor and dwelling on second floor.
• Exterior walls of the building have
2-hr fire resistance rating and non-
combustible
• Interior members (walls, beams,
floors, roof) are made of wood
• Hazards: smoke and fire spread
through concealed spaces
Type IV Construction
Combustible
• Heavy timber (mill
construction)
• Exterior/interior walls
noncombustible material
• Interior structural members
(beams, columns, arches,
floors) made of solid or
laminated wood with no
concealed spaces
• Found in old factories,
warehouses, churches
Type V Construction
Combustible

7. • Frame construction
• Exterior and interior
structural members made
of wood
• Fire Hazard: unlimited
potential for fire
extension, fire extension
to nearby structures
• Typical residential home
Construction Materials
Wood
• Combustible
• Char forms at surface (acts as insulator)
– Good for heavy timber
• Used as different building elements
– structural material
– Siding
– Flooring
– Roofing underlayment
– Interior finish
– Furniture

8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Q3wwRAGiw
Great Chicago Fire 1871
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Q3wwRAGiw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Q3wwRAGiw
Steel
• Used to form frame of building
– Beams, girders, columns,
bar joists
• Noncombustible
• Expands when exposed to heat
• Conducts heat
• Loses 40 – 50% of its strength
when exposed to temps of 900
– 1100 °F
• Most codes require steel to be
protected with sprinklers
• May be protected by
encasement, spray-on, gypsum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiEApKXwHKU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiEApKXwHKU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiEApKXwHKU

9. Concrete Masonry
• Mixture of cement, water,
and aggregate
(rocks/stones)
• Very fire resistive but can
spall when water is forced
out of the concrete.
Glass
• Not fire resistive, but resists passage of smoke.
• Improve resistivity by adding wire mesh into
the glass.
• Fire-rated glass will have
Gypsum and Plaster
• Plaster made from gypsum rock,
crushed and ground into powder
– Water added to create paste-like
substance
• Gypsum board
– Sheetrock, drywall
• Excellent fire resistive protection
– Water is major component

10. • Must make certain that
penetrations (holes) are filled in.
– Fire and smoke can pass through
holes in the wall.
Fire Testing of Building Materials
• ASTM E119 – Standard Test Method for Fire
Tests of Building Construction Materials
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW72-L0_n_M
– ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
• Involves placing floor, wall, roof or door
assembly into a furnace and subjecting it to the
heat rates specified in the time temperature
curve for the duration desired.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW72-L0_n_M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW72-L0_n_M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW72-L0_n_M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW72-L0_n_M
Time Temperature Curve
• Fire severity expressed in
terms of temperature and
duration.
• This curve represents a

11. severe building fire.
• Required fire ratings are
prescribed in codes that
advise as to how long a
door, wall floor, etc. can
withstand a fire.
Flame Spread Ratings
• The materials first involved in fire
ignition or spread are the contents,
furnishings, and interior finishes.
• Materials that are used as interior
finish on walls and ceilings must
meet certain standards to resist fire
spread.
• Materials are tested in a device
called Steiner Tunnel
• Flame spread rating is a relative
measure of how material will allow
fire to spread across the surface.
– Rating of 0 --25 Class A (Cement
asbestos has a rating of 0)
– Rating of 26 – 75 Class B
– Rating of 76-200 Class C (Road oak
has rating of 100)

12. Smoke Spread
• Control of smoke is important from both life
safety and property protection standpoint.
• Smoke management does following things:
– Maintain tenability in means of egress system
– Confine smoke spread to area or compartment of
origin
– Assist firefighting operations by maintaining
conditions outside fire area
– Reduce property loss and minimize business
interruption.
• Accomplish smoke management via
– Pressure differential across physical barrier
– Remove smoke by large volume air flows
– Dilute smoke with “fresh air”
Mechanical Smoke Control
System , Santa Monica, California
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=a3Rg4VJVVfI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Rg4VJVVfI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Rg4VJVVfI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Rg4VJVVfI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Rg4VJVVfI

13. EVALUATION
This assignment accounts for 40% of the total marks for the
course and shall be assessed based on the Rubrics attached .
You would be given feedback on the assignment before the
Final Semester Examination commences.
PLAGIARISM: MARKS DEDUCTION
Warning: The submitted assignment will automatically undergo
a similarity check. If plagiarism is detected, marks would be
deducted as follows:
· Assignments with 10 - 30 % overlap with others: 20%
deduction from the total marks scored.
· Assignments with 31 - 50 % overlap with others: 40%
deduction from the total marks scored.
· Assignments with more than 50% overlap with others:Zero
mark would be given.
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
PURPOSE
The purpose of this assignment is to strengthen learner's
understanding about the software requirement in terms of
functional requirement, non-functional requirement and domain
requirement. This will help the learners in producing a good
requirement specification document.
REQUIREMENT / ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
You have been appointed as a system analyst in the IT
department of a selected university in Malaysia. You are
responsible to develop an online admission system for the
university. For this reason, you have to do an analysis and
design to model the online system that could be developed later.
Identify the requirements for the system and produce a software
requirement specification (SRS) to document all the details.
(40)

14. END OF PAGE
ATTACHMENT
ASSIGNMENT RUBRICS
Criteria
Weight
Bad
(0 Mark)
Weak
(1 Mark)
Moderate
(2 Marks)
Good
(3 Marks)
Excellent
(4 Marks)
Total Marks (Max)
Introduction
Brief explanation on the following items:
· Purpose of the online admission system
· Assumptions on the online admission system
· Benefits of the system to users
1
No introduction was given.
Provided introduction that poorly met the details of the criteria.
Provided introduction that basically/ minimally met the details
of the criteria.
Provided introduction that mostly met the details of the criteria
but it can be improved further.
Provided introduction that clearly met the details of the criteria.

15. 4
Online Admission System Functional Requirements
Complete and detailed description on online admission system
functional requirements for the following users:
· Applicant
· Admission Unit
· Academic Unit
· System Administrator
2.5
No answer or wrong answer was given.
Provided vague answer or answer that poorly met the details of
the criteria.
Provided limited answer or answer that basically/ minimally met
the details of the criteria.
Provided good answer that mostly met the details of the criteria
but it can be improved further.
Provided in depth answer that clearly met the details of the
criteria.
10
Online Admlssion System Non-Functional Requirements
Complete and detailed description on online admission system
non-functional requirements for the following aspects:
· Performance
· Security

16. · Usability
· Portability
· Availability
· Compatibility
· Maintainability
2.5
No answer or wrong answer was given.
Provided vague answer or answer that poorly met the details of
the criteria.
Provided limited answer or answer that basically/ minimally met
the details of the criteria.
Provided good answer that mostly met the details of the criteria
but it can be improved further.
Provided in depth answer that clearly met the details of the
criteria.
10
Software Requirement Specification (SRS)
Complete SRS that contains at least following information:
· Table of contents
· Introduction
· Overall description
· Specific requirements
· Other non-functional requirements
· Document approval
· Supporting information
4

17. No answer or wrong answer was given.
Provided vague answer or answer that poorly met the details of
the criteria.
Provided limited answer or answer that basically/ minimally met
the details of the criteria.
Provided good answer that mostly met the details of the criteria
but it can be improved further.
Provided in depth answer that clearly met the details of the
criteria.
16
Total Points/ Marks
10
40
UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAVEN
Department of Fire Science and Professional Studies
FIRE 1102 – Principles of Fire Science
Dunston FIRE 1102 – Building Design and Construction 1
Building Design and Construction
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

18. struction techniques
READING/ SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS:
Chapter 4 of text, Fundamentals of Fire Protection – Building
Design and
Construction
Construction
ASSIGNMENT #5 (25 pts):
1. Identify at least 3 of the 5 types of construction of buildings
on campus or in the
community. For each type of construction, describe why the
building is a
particular type of construction. Take a photo and import it in
your assignment.
Make sure the photo is labeled with the type of construction.

19. 2. The textbook lists the four major objectives of fire safety
design and construction
as Life Safety, Property protection, Continuity of operations,
and Environmental
protection. A fifth objective is heritage preservation. Explain
what this is and
how is it different than property protection?
3. What caused the city of Chicago burn down in 1871? Do not
talk about the fable
of Mrs. O’Leary’s cow or anything regarding dealing ignition.
Comment on the
reason why the fire was able to spread throughout the city. Why
would such a fire
not occur today?
4. On what does the strength and durability of concrete depend?
5. What is a major concern of using plastic products as building
materials?
SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS (Read and follow):
me via email or hard
copy.
s
Submit online by Wednesday, March 11, 2015 at 4:30 pm

20. .