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BSRIA Isolation Rooms
The document presents BSRIA's expertise in developing isolation rooms to enhance indoor air quality and safety in healthcare settings, particularly to protect immunocompromised patients. It details the design specifications, testing methods such as gas tracer tests and airtightness standards, and the validation outcomes for different models of isolation rooms. The findings emphasize the importance of pressure differentials and air flow management in maintaining patient safety against airborne infections.
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BSRIA Isolation Rooms
- 1. BSRIA Isolation rooms Blanca BeatoArribas 26 February 2016
- 2. 2 Making buildings better… BSRIA Atest, consultancy, instrument, research and market research organisation Specialists in construction and building services Member based association Our values are to be authoritative, collaborative, independent and innovative Our Mission is to • Make Buildings Better
- 3. 3 Making buildings better… Turnoverbreakdown
- 4. 4 Making buildings better… Advice Indoorair quality and thermal comfort BIM strategy and roadmap to implementation Life Cycle Costing and environmental assessment Soft Landings implementation Mock up testing and design validation
- 5. 5 Making buildings better… Investigations Troubleshootingand failure investigations Building Performance Evaluation (pre and post construction) Maintenance audits, strategy and condition surveys Condition monitoring Building user guides
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- 7. 7 Making buildings better… Mock-uptesting BSRIA’s facilities White box chambers – 9 m x 6 m x 4.5 m – 8 m x 6 m x 4.5 m “a box within a box” – Controlled conditions – Bigger spaces- i.e. open plan office
- 8. 8 Making buildings better… IsolationRooms Department of Health of England PPVL and Negative P CL4 downflow system Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS), Northern Ireland Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
- 9. 9 Making buildings better… PPVLConcept Protection from airborne infection Protection to inmuno compromised patients Protection to staff in room Corridor Isolation room Backpassage Ensuite Lobby Viewing chamber S E Corridor 0.70 4.24 2.49 1.80 1.12 2.412.0 2.84.5 8.45 6.83 All measurements in m Internal height=3m excluding floor Internal height lobby=2.7m excluding floor Positively Pressurised Ventilated Lobby
- 10. 10 Making buildings better… Supply 220l/s Pressure stabiliser 100 l/s Extract 160 l/s Door 60 l/s Door 60 l/s Door 60 l/s Grille 100 l/s +10 Pa0 Pa 0 Pa -10 Pa HBN4 Isolation room LOBBY ISOLATION ROOM EN SUITE BATHROOM CORRIDOR
- 11. 11 Making buildings better… IntensiveCare Unit CORRIDOR PLANT ROOM ISOLATION ROOM LOBBY Lobby to Isolation room door Lobby to corridor door Bed RPS LPS Supply Supply High Extract Low Extract 0 Pa 0 Pa 0 Pa 10 Pa 0 Pa
- 12. 12 Making buildings better… Mock-upconstruction HBN4
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- 14. 14 Making buildings better… ICUMock-up Belfast
- 15. 15 Making buildings better… CL4mock-up Bracknell
- 16. 16 Making buildings better… Isolationroom Validated Smoke tests Airtightness Gas tracer tests Salt tests/ bio- aerosols* Design Mock-up construction Room air movement Validation process CFD *University of Leeds, UK
- 17. 17 Making buildings better… Airtightness Differential Pressure Flows through structure These flows need to be quantified Set up the P/S and flow under doors Fan failure BSRIA Standard on airtightness of Isolation rooms in 2016 ATTMA Technical Standard 1 Issue 2 “Measuring Air Permeability of Building Envelopes”
- 18. 18 Making buildings better… Airtightness Sealedplate for testing
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- 21. 21 Making buildings better… AnemometerSurveys (Room air movement)
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- 26. 26 Making buildings better… GasTracer Tests Nitrous Oxide Release: different points Room challenges: fan failure, effect of doors
- 27. 27 Making buildings better… GasTracer Tests Nitrous Oxide Release: patient, sink, nurse, tent Room challenges: fan failure, effect of doors N2O-airborne pathogens-studied at the university of Leeds, UK
- 28. 28 Making buildings better… Gastracer tests
- 29. 29 Making buildings better… Comparisonof PPVL and Neg P (Normalised Gas tracer concentration) Model Type Test Extr.ppm 2 Bed 3 LHS 4 LHS 5 RHS 7 under bed ACR (h-1 ) Measured 1 PPVL 24 152 1.31 0.96 0.99 1.39 1.15 8.5 1 Neg P 30 174 0.95 0.86 0.90 1.14 0.44 11 Model Type Test Extr.ppm Extract Around bed 6 by nurse 2 by sink 7 under bed ACR (h-1 ) Measured 2 PPVL 5 138 Low 1.00 0.88 0.97 0.88 12.3 2 Neg P 29 152 Low 1.18 1.18 0.98 0.86 18.2
- 30. 30 Making buildings better… CFDmodel Model of empty room Pressure stabiliser Air speed measurements- Used to verify the predictions Accurate modelling of blade profile
- 31. 31 Making buildings better… Airtightness Building Regulations :10 m3/hr/m2 at 50 Pa BSRIA 1 m3/hr/m2 at a test pressure of 10 Pa = 2.62 at 50 Pa. Model Working P Test P ALI ALI (used) Max Test Flow Rate Max. Test Flow Rate / unit volume (Pa) (Pa) m3 /(h.m2 ) m3 /(h.m2 ) (l.s-1 ) (l.s-1 per m3 ) 1 10 20 3.16 3 72.5 1.01 15 30 3.87 3.9 94.3 1.31 20 40 4.47 4.5 108.8 1.51 25 50 5 5 120.8 1.68 2 10 20 3.16 3 99.2 0.75 15 30 3.87 3.9 128.9 0.98 20 40 4.47 4.5 148.8 1.13 25 50 5 5 165.3 1.25 n PkQ
- 32. 32 Making buildings better… Conclusions-Cat1-3 Isolation rooms Successful validation: Well mixed (80%) single zone Good comparison between GTT salt tests and bioaerosols Structural integrity = passive protection Pressure differentials = protection to an extent (doors closed) Protection within the room = determined by internal flows – 0.5 to 2 of extract concentration – Dilution strategy provides 10^3 Protection factor
- 33. 33 Making buildings better… Acknowledgements The Department of Health of England The Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS), Northern Ireland The University of Leeds, UK
- 34. 34 Making buildings better… Thepatient in the next bed is highly contagious- thank God for these curtains!! Thank you for your attention Any questions?