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KARMA
By
Vd. Mrunal Akre
Assi. Prof. Dept.of Dravyaguna
NIRUKTI
क्रियते इतत कर्म । द्र.गु.क
 The factor responsible for the action of drug is
Karma.
DEFINITION
संयोगे च विभागे च कारणं द्रव्यर्ाश्रितर्् |
कतमव्यस्य क्रिया कर्म कर्म नान्यदपेक्षते ||५२||Ch.Su.1
 The inherent relation factor in drug which is responsible
for association (Samyog) and disassociation (Viyog) is
termed as Karma.
क्रिया लक्षणं कर्म ।र.िै. १/१७१
 According to Bhadant Nagarjuna Action/ therapeutic
action that is seen is karma eg- vaman, virechan etc
KARMA SWAROOPA
यत् कु िमन्न्त, तत् कर्म| Ch.Su.26
 Karma is cause of Kriya is effect
प्रयत्नादद कर्म चेन्टितर्ुच्यते ||४९||Ch.Su.1
 Prayatna, Chetna are the actions, event vaman,
virechan are also said as karma.
 In this context Acharya Sushruta considered
Urdhvabhaghar, Adhobhaghar, Ubhayabhaghar,
Peedan, Depan, Bruhan, Lekhan, Rasayan,
Vajikaran, vilayan, Daran, etc as action of Virya-
Karma based on Virya.
 In Vaisheshik Darshan Utkshepan, Apkshepa,
Unmesh, Nimesh, Akuchan, Prasaran, Gaman etc
are considered as Karma.
KARMA PRAKAR
 Drug action generally stated by-
 Dravya Prabhava- Property of Drug
 Guna Prabhava- Property of Drug Constituents
 Dravya Guna Prabhava- Properties of Both
 The above cant state the action so karma can
divide in following 5 categories-
 Shodhan- Shaman
 Samanya- Vishishta
 Antha parimarjan- Bahi parimarjan
 Sthanik- Sarvadehik
 Mukhya- Gouna
MODALITY OF KARMA
 Drug action is assessed by effect on Dosha, Dhatu, Mala,
Strotas and other body components.
 Vriddhi-Kshya on Dhatu; Shaman-Kopan on Dosha; Chedan,
Bhedan etc on Strotas; Hridya, Balya, Shukral etc on body
components.
 Action and effect of Drug are used as synonyms but in term-
Action of Drug is drug- cell interaction and Effect of Drug is all
that is seen
 Acharya Charaka explained karma/ Drug action in simple
following way-
 यत् कु र्वन्तत, तत् कर्व- Karma- Action of Drug or perform particular
action, eg- Shirovirechan
 येन कु र्र्वन्तत, तद्र्ीयं- Virya- Means of performing action/ potency
of drug, eg- Ushna
 यत्र कु र्वन्तत, तदधिकरणं- Adhikaran- Site of Action, Eg- Shira
 यदा कु र्वन्तत, स कालः- Kaal- Time for Drug action- Bioavailability,
Eg- Different Seasos and time of use
 यथा कु र्वन्तत, स उपायः- Upaya- Mode of action/ particular activity
through specific pathway, Eg- Position of patient etc
 यत् साियन्तत, तत् फलर्् :- Result of Drug action, effect all over
body (specific therapeutic effect), Eg- Relief from disorders
DIFFERENT KARMA STUDY
 Deepana-
पच्चेन्नार्ं िन्न्िकृ च्च दीपनं तद्यथा मर्म िः। ा.सं.पू.४
 The karma in which Agni will enhanced or stimulated, here agni
means Jatharagni, Bhutagni and Dhatwaagni.
 Sushruta coated Agni bhuta predominance in Deepaniya drugs
while other coated Vayu predominance.
 Charka coated deepaniya gana-
वपप्पलीवपप्पलीर्ूलचव्यश्रचत्रक ृङ्गिेराम्लिेतसर्ररचाजर्ोदाभल्लातकान्स्थ
दिङ्गुतनयामसा इतत द ेर्ातन दीपनीयातन भिन्न्त
 Pachana
पचत्यार्ं न िन्न्िं च कु याद्यत्तन्दद पाचनर्् । नागके रित ्
विद्यात् । ा.सं.पू.४
 The drugs which digest aam and not stimulates agni are pachana
 Arudatta coated that pachaa enhances digestion
 Sushruta coated Aampachak, Doshapachak and Pachaka gana
 These drugs have Agnni bhuta predomient
 Sashodhan-
 The Karma in which Mala as well as Doshas are expel out
of the body is termed as Sanshodhan
 Acharya Charaka considered shodhan as 4 type- Vamana,
Virechan, Shirovirechan and Niruha basti
 Dalhan includes only Vaman and Virechana in
Dehashodhan
 Sushruta coated KaphaShodhan (Urdhvabhaghar),
Pittashodhan (Adhobhaghar), Kapha-Pitta shodhan
(Ubhyabhaghar) and Nasya
 Laghu vagbhatta considered all panchakarma in shodhan.
 Sanshaman-
 The karma in which doshas are pascified inside body
without expelling them.
 According to Sushruta drugs of Akasha Mahabhuta and he
had divide and coated 3 vargas – Vatashaman,
Pittashaman, and Kaphashaman
 Anuloman-
 The karma in which drug will do malapka and removes
Bandha to expel Mala from downwards is Anuloman
 Acharya Sushruta coated that anuloman is done by the
Sara guna in which vata and mala are expelled out.
 Along with anuloman Sara guna performs
Vatapravartak, Malapravartak and Pittavardhan.
 The utility of Anuloman is in – Atisaar, Gulma,
Agnimandya, Ajirna, Udavarta, Anaha.
 Sansran-
 The karma in which apakva Mala stick in koshta are
expelled out.
 In sansran Malapaka is not seen
 Eg- Aragvadh
 Bhedan-
 The action in which Baddha and Abaddha mala expels out is
bhedan, eg Katuki
 Charaka had given bhedan gana
सुििाकोरुबुकान्ननर्ुखीश्रचत्राश्रचत्रकश्रचरबबल्ि ङ्नखनी कु लादनीस्ि
णमक्षीररण्य इतत द ेर्ातन भेदनीयातन भिन्न्त
 Sushruta coated Shyamadi gana as Vibhedi.
 Rechan-
 The action in which liquified Pakawa- Apakwa Mala and Dosha
expels out is Rechana, Eg- Trivritta
 This drugs have Tikshna, Ushna, Sukshma, Vyavayi guna
predominance
 Prithvi and jala bhuta predominance
 Chedan-
 The action in which Doshas and Malas are punctured and
destroys known as Chedan, eg- Maricha
 Generally Chedan is seen on Kapha, Kala, and Mamsa meda
 Amla, Lavana, Katu rasa, Tikshana guna will have chedan
action
 Lekhan-
 The action in which Dhatu- Mala are scraped out is lekhan,
Eg- Vacha
 These are Vayu and Agni bhuta predominance
 The action is seen on Kapha and Meda
 In surgery lekhan is seen on skin, Mamsa etc
 Grahi
 The drugs which acts as Deepan and Pachan and absorbs
fluid from body are Grahi, E- Jiraka
 These drugs are Vayu and Prithvu bhuta predominance
 Vayu is responsible for Drava Shoshana
 Sharangdhar considered Ushna Virya for Dravashoshana,
Adhamala commented that Grahi dravya are of 2 type
Pakwa grahi and Aam grahi
 Pakwa grahi have Shita virya and stops the expelsion,
whereas Aamgrrrahi are ushna virya which has
dravashosana action.
 Stambhana-
 The drugs that prevents expulsion of fluids and mala from
upward and downwards direction is stambhan, Eg-
Vatsak, Tuntuk
 These drugs are of Sheta virya
 Stambhan action is done by aggrivating vata through
shita, Ruksha guna, Kashaya rasa and Laghu paka.
 Madkari
 The drugs due to tamo guna affects the senses and
generated Mada are Madkari, Eg- Sura
 The drugs will affect Oja by Ushna, Tikshna, Vyavayi,
Ashukari, Tikshna, Ushna guna.
 Pramathi
 the drugs due to its ushna virya Churn out Mala and
Doshas from minute strotas are called as pramathi
 Eg- Maricha
 Abhishyandi-
 The drugs due to Picchila and guru guna causes
obstruction in Rasavaha Sira are Abhishyandi, Eg-
Dadhi
 It provides Kledan to Dhatu, Mala, Dosha and Strotas
 Chakrapani coated that Abhishyandi will destroy the
dosha sanghata.
 Vyavayi-
 The drugs that first spreads all over the body and the
undergoes paka are Vyavayi, Eg- Bhanga, Ahiphena
 These are vayu bhuta predominance and goes Agni
paka
 Vikashi-
 The drugs that separates oja from Dhatu and results in
Sandhibandha Moksha are Vikashi, Eg- Kodrava
 It is result of tikshna guna
 Rasayan-
 According to Acharya Charaka Rasayan imparts Youth,
Dehabala, brings dhatu in good quality, indriya bala, Ayu,
Medha, Smriti etc
 Rasayana can be used accoding to requirement- Medya
rasayan, Doshaghna rasayan, Netrya Raasayan etc
 Vajikaran-
 Drugs that have aphrodisiac activity, produces libido,
orgasm in male and female
 They improves shukra, generates shukra, shukra
stambhak, Shukra rechaka
 Used in management of Rajo dosha
 Jivaniya-
 The drugs that are essential for maintanance of life
 The drugs holds life
 Charaka coated Jivaniya gana
जीिकर्मभकौ र्ेदा र्िार्ेदा काकोली क्षीरकाकोली र्ुद्गपणीर्ार्पण्यौ
जीिन्ती र्धुकमर्तत द ेर्ातन जीिनीयातन भिन्न्त
 Balya-
 The drugs that provide strength to the body, increases strength of
dhatu, sleshma and oja
 Charaka coated Balya Kashaya
ऐन््यृर्भ्यततरसटयमप्रोक्तापयस्याश्िगन्धान्स्थरारोदिणीबलाततबला इतत द ेर्ा
तन बल्यातन भिन्न्त
 Bruhana-
 The drug that provides bulk and strength to the dhatu specially
Mamsa
 It provides nourishment and good muscular tone
 Charaka coated Brihaniya kashaya
क्षीररणी राजक्षिकाश्िगन्धाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीिाट्यायनीभद्रौदनीभारद्िाजीप
यस्यटयमगन्धा इतत द ेर्ातन बृंिणीयातन भिन्न्त
 Langhana-
 The action in which laghutva is generated in the body by emaciation
of the dhatu
 It is opposite of Brihana
 Medya-
 The drug that boosts intelligence and give strength to memory,
enhances the Dhi, dhruti and Smriti
 Acharya Charaka coated 4 Medya Rasayan – Guduchi,
Shankhpuspi, Mandukparni and Yashtimadhu.

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Karma

  • 1. KARMA By Vd. Mrunal Akre Assi. Prof. Dept.of Dravyaguna
  • 2. NIRUKTI क्रियते इतत कर्म । द्र.गु.क  The factor responsible for the action of drug is Karma. DEFINITION संयोगे च विभागे च कारणं द्रव्यर्ाश्रितर्् | कतमव्यस्य क्रिया कर्म कर्म नान्यदपेक्षते ||५२||Ch.Su.1  The inherent relation factor in drug which is responsible for association (Samyog) and disassociation (Viyog) is termed as Karma. क्रिया लक्षणं कर्म ।र.िै. १/१७१  According to Bhadant Nagarjuna Action/ therapeutic action that is seen is karma eg- vaman, virechan etc
  • 3. KARMA SWAROOPA यत् कु िमन्न्त, तत् कर्म| Ch.Su.26  Karma is cause of Kriya is effect प्रयत्नादद कर्म चेन्टितर्ुच्यते ||४९||Ch.Su.1  Prayatna, Chetna are the actions, event vaman, virechan are also said as karma.  In this context Acharya Sushruta considered Urdhvabhaghar, Adhobhaghar, Ubhayabhaghar, Peedan, Depan, Bruhan, Lekhan, Rasayan, Vajikaran, vilayan, Daran, etc as action of Virya- Karma based on Virya.  In Vaisheshik Darshan Utkshepan, Apkshepa, Unmesh, Nimesh, Akuchan, Prasaran, Gaman etc are considered as Karma.
  • 4. KARMA PRAKAR  Drug action generally stated by-  Dravya Prabhava- Property of Drug  Guna Prabhava- Property of Drug Constituents  Dravya Guna Prabhava- Properties of Both  The above cant state the action so karma can divide in following 5 categories-  Shodhan- Shaman  Samanya- Vishishta  Antha parimarjan- Bahi parimarjan  Sthanik- Sarvadehik  Mukhya- Gouna
  • 5. MODALITY OF KARMA  Drug action is assessed by effect on Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, Strotas and other body components.  Vriddhi-Kshya on Dhatu; Shaman-Kopan on Dosha; Chedan, Bhedan etc on Strotas; Hridya, Balya, Shukral etc on body components.  Action and effect of Drug are used as synonyms but in term- Action of Drug is drug- cell interaction and Effect of Drug is all that is seen  Acharya Charaka explained karma/ Drug action in simple following way-  यत् कु र्वन्तत, तत् कर्व- Karma- Action of Drug or perform particular action, eg- Shirovirechan  येन कु र्र्वन्तत, तद्र्ीयं- Virya- Means of performing action/ potency of drug, eg- Ushna  यत्र कु र्वन्तत, तदधिकरणं- Adhikaran- Site of Action, Eg- Shira  यदा कु र्वन्तत, स कालः- Kaal- Time for Drug action- Bioavailability, Eg- Different Seasos and time of use  यथा कु र्वन्तत, स उपायः- Upaya- Mode of action/ particular activity through specific pathway, Eg- Position of patient etc  यत् साियन्तत, तत् फलर्् :- Result of Drug action, effect all over body (specific therapeutic effect), Eg- Relief from disorders
  • 6. DIFFERENT KARMA STUDY  Deepana- पच्चेन्नार्ं िन्न्िकृ च्च दीपनं तद्यथा मर्म िः। ा.सं.पू.४  The karma in which Agni will enhanced or stimulated, here agni means Jatharagni, Bhutagni and Dhatwaagni.  Sushruta coated Agni bhuta predominance in Deepaniya drugs while other coated Vayu predominance.  Charka coated deepaniya gana- वपप्पलीवपप्पलीर्ूलचव्यश्रचत्रक ृङ्गिेराम्लिेतसर्ररचाजर्ोदाभल्लातकान्स्थ दिङ्गुतनयामसा इतत द ेर्ातन दीपनीयातन भिन्न्त  Pachana पचत्यार्ं न िन्न्िं च कु याद्यत्तन्दद पाचनर्् । नागके रित ् विद्यात् । ा.सं.पू.४  The drugs which digest aam and not stimulates agni are pachana  Arudatta coated that pachaa enhances digestion  Sushruta coated Aampachak, Doshapachak and Pachaka gana  These drugs have Agnni bhuta predomient
  • 7.  Sashodhan-  The Karma in which Mala as well as Doshas are expel out of the body is termed as Sanshodhan  Acharya Charaka considered shodhan as 4 type- Vamana, Virechan, Shirovirechan and Niruha basti  Dalhan includes only Vaman and Virechana in Dehashodhan  Sushruta coated KaphaShodhan (Urdhvabhaghar), Pittashodhan (Adhobhaghar), Kapha-Pitta shodhan (Ubhyabhaghar) and Nasya  Laghu vagbhatta considered all panchakarma in shodhan.  Sanshaman-  The karma in which doshas are pascified inside body without expelling them.  According to Sushruta drugs of Akasha Mahabhuta and he had divide and coated 3 vargas – Vatashaman, Pittashaman, and Kaphashaman
  • 8.  Anuloman-  The karma in which drug will do malapka and removes Bandha to expel Mala from downwards is Anuloman  Acharya Sushruta coated that anuloman is done by the Sara guna in which vata and mala are expelled out.  Along with anuloman Sara guna performs Vatapravartak, Malapravartak and Pittavardhan.  The utility of Anuloman is in – Atisaar, Gulma, Agnimandya, Ajirna, Udavarta, Anaha.  Sansran-  The karma in which apakva Mala stick in koshta are expelled out.  In sansran Malapaka is not seen  Eg- Aragvadh
  • 9.  Bhedan-  The action in which Baddha and Abaddha mala expels out is bhedan, eg Katuki  Charaka had given bhedan gana सुििाकोरुबुकान्ननर्ुखीश्रचत्राश्रचत्रकश्रचरबबल्ि ङ्नखनी कु लादनीस्ि णमक्षीररण्य इतत द ेर्ातन भेदनीयातन भिन्न्त  Sushruta coated Shyamadi gana as Vibhedi.  Rechan-  The action in which liquified Pakawa- Apakwa Mala and Dosha expels out is Rechana, Eg- Trivritta  This drugs have Tikshna, Ushna, Sukshma, Vyavayi guna predominance  Prithvi and jala bhuta predominance  Chedan-  The action in which Doshas and Malas are punctured and destroys known as Chedan, eg- Maricha  Generally Chedan is seen on Kapha, Kala, and Mamsa meda  Amla, Lavana, Katu rasa, Tikshana guna will have chedan action
  • 10.  Lekhan-  The action in which Dhatu- Mala are scraped out is lekhan, Eg- Vacha  These are Vayu and Agni bhuta predominance  The action is seen on Kapha and Meda  In surgery lekhan is seen on skin, Mamsa etc  Grahi  The drugs which acts as Deepan and Pachan and absorbs fluid from body are Grahi, E- Jiraka  These drugs are Vayu and Prithvu bhuta predominance  Vayu is responsible for Drava Shoshana  Sharangdhar considered Ushna Virya for Dravashoshana, Adhamala commented that Grahi dravya are of 2 type Pakwa grahi and Aam grahi  Pakwa grahi have Shita virya and stops the expelsion, whereas Aamgrrrahi are ushna virya which has dravashosana action.
  • 11.  Stambhana-  The drugs that prevents expulsion of fluids and mala from upward and downwards direction is stambhan, Eg- Vatsak, Tuntuk  These drugs are of Sheta virya  Stambhan action is done by aggrivating vata through shita, Ruksha guna, Kashaya rasa and Laghu paka.  Madkari  The drugs due to tamo guna affects the senses and generated Mada are Madkari, Eg- Sura  The drugs will affect Oja by Ushna, Tikshna, Vyavayi, Ashukari, Tikshna, Ushna guna.  Pramathi  the drugs due to its ushna virya Churn out Mala and Doshas from minute strotas are called as pramathi  Eg- Maricha
  • 12.  Abhishyandi-  The drugs due to Picchila and guru guna causes obstruction in Rasavaha Sira are Abhishyandi, Eg- Dadhi  It provides Kledan to Dhatu, Mala, Dosha and Strotas  Chakrapani coated that Abhishyandi will destroy the dosha sanghata.  Vyavayi-  The drugs that first spreads all over the body and the undergoes paka are Vyavayi, Eg- Bhanga, Ahiphena  These are vayu bhuta predominance and goes Agni paka  Vikashi-  The drugs that separates oja from Dhatu and results in Sandhibandha Moksha are Vikashi, Eg- Kodrava  It is result of tikshna guna
  • 13.  Rasayan-  According to Acharya Charaka Rasayan imparts Youth, Dehabala, brings dhatu in good quality, indriya bala, Ayu, Medha, Smriti etc  Rasayana can be used accoding to requirement- Medya rasayan, Doshaghna rasayan, Netrya Raasayan etc  Vajikaran-  Drugs that have aphrodisiac activity, produces libido, orgasm in male and female  They improves shukra, generates shukra, shukra stambhak, Shukra rechaka  Used in management of Rajo dosha  Jivaniya-  The drugs that are essential for maintanance of life  The drugs holds life  Charaka coated Jivaniya gana जीिकर्मभकौ र्ेदा र्िार्ेदा काकोली क्षीरकाकोली र्ुद्गपणीर्ार्पण्यौ जीिन्ती र्धुकमर्तत द ेर्ातन जीिनीयातन भिन्न्त
  • 14.  Balya-  The drugs that provide strength to the body, increases strength of dhatu, sleshma and oja  Charaka coated Balya Kashaya ऐन््यृर्भ्यततरसटयमप्रोक्तापयस्याश्िगन्धान्स्थरारोदिणीबलाततबला इतत द ेर्ा तन बल्यातन भिन्न्त  Bruhana-  The drug that provides bulk and strength to the dhatu specially Mamsa  It provides nourishment and good muscular tone  Charaka coated Brihaniya kashaya क्षीररणी राजक्षिकाश्िगन्धाकाकोलीक्षीरकाकोलीिाट्यायनीभद्रौदनीभारद्िाजीप यस्यटयमगन्धा इतत द ेर्ातन बृंिणीयातन भिन्न्त  Langhana-  The action in which laghutva is generated in the body by emaciation of the dhatu  It is opposite of Brihana  Medya-  The drug that boosts intelligence and give strength to memory, enhances the Dhi, dhruti and Smriti  Acharya Charaka coated 4 Medya Rasayan – Guduchi, Shankhpuspi, Mandukparni and Yashtimadhu.