http://www.extension.org/67575 In 2011, the production rate of broilers was 8.6 billion with a value of $23.2 billion (USDA 2012). Both CERCLA and EPCRA have reporting requirements for ammonia (NH3) of 100 lb of NH3/d or 18.3 tons/yr, a level that may affect large animal production facilities (NRC 2003). Although USEPA (2009) has provided an exemption for animal waste producing farms under CERCLA for reporting hazardous air emissions, it is expected that this exemption will be revoked once valid methodologies are established for monitoring. Two of the 24 sites in the NAEMS monitoring study reported similar NH3 emissions of 3.6 – 5.3 tons of NH3 per house per year (Burns et al. 2009, Heber 2010). Emissions of this level indicate a need for developing technologies that can reduce the NH3 levels produced by broiler operations. This research is focused on the use of broiler litter as activated carbon (BAC) to reduce aerial NH3 generated by litter, an opportunity to not only reuse the manure, but also treat the emissions from or within broiler houses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of BAC to remove NH3 volatilized from litter samples in a laboratory acid-trap system. Preliminary studies using NH3/air mixture indicated that the BAC capacity to adsorb NH3 was approximately double that of Vapure 612, a commercial carbon. In the litter emission study, the BAC and Vapure performance was comparable. Breakthrough for both carbons occurred within 14 hours of the test start. At the end of the 3 day test, the NH3 emission for BAC was 75% of the litter only control, whereas, the Vapure emission was 64% of the control. The results of the study demonstrate the potential for a cyclical waste utilization strategy in using broiler litter activated carbon to capture NH3 volatilized from litter.
Utilizing Acid-tolerant Nitrifying Bacteria to Generate the Acidity Needed to...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: www.extension.org/72846
Although acid scrubbers can capture ammonia (NH3) in exhaust air from animal facilities, they are not cost-effective because the nitrogen (N) captured has roughly the same value as the acid. The objective of this work was to develop an NH3 scrubber that uses acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria to generate the acid needed for scrubbing NH3. Nitrification is an acid-forming process, with two moles of acid formed for each mole of ammonium (NH4) nitrified. A laboratory microcosm that held a clay substrate was inoculated with sewage from the aeration basin of a local wastewater plant. A feed solution containing ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was then pumped through the system. Ammonium, nitrate (NO3) and pH were measured periodically in the influent and effluent. After a few weeks, NO3- analysis indicated >95% of the NH4 was being nitrified to NO3-, at which point the NH4Cl and NaHCO3 concentrations were doubled. This process was repeated until the feed solution contained 4 g NH4Cl/L. Then the NaHCO3 was reduced over time so that the molar ratio of base to potential acidity (from nitrification of NH4) was less than one, causing the effluent pH to decrease. Even though the influent pH was 8.2, the effluent pH was reduced to 4.2 over time, indicating acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria were at work. Clay substrate from the microcosm was then used to inoculate slats of an NH4 scrubber with these bacteria at a commercial broiler farm in NW AR, by encasing the clay substrate in mesh that was attached to the slats. Within weeks, bacteria slime mats formed on the slats and nitrification of NH3 and acid generation began. Over 20 kg of N were captured in 35 days, about half of which was NO3-. This technology has the potential to make the use of NH4 scrubbers a cost-effective best management practice.
Development of a New Manure Amendment for Reducing Ammonia Volatilization and...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: http://www.extension.org/72844
Adding alum to animal manures greatly reduces ammonia (NH3) emissions and phosphorus (P) runoff. Improvements in poultry production, lower energy costs and environmental benefits from alum have led to widespread use by the poultry industry. Over one billion broilers are grown with alum in the U.S. each year. However, the price of alum has increased dramatically, creating a need for cheaper products that control NH3 and P losses. The goal of this research was to develop an inexpensive manure amendment that is as effective as alum in reducing NH3 volatilization and P runoff from poultry litter. Sixteen manure amendments were created using various ratios of alum mud, bauxite ore, sulfuric acid, liquid alum and water. Alum mud is the waste product that is left over from the manufacture of alum when made by mixing sulfuric acid with bauxite. A laboratory NH3 volatilization study was conducted using a total of 11 treatments; untreated poultry litter, litter treated with liquid or dry alum and litter treated with eight of the new mixtures. All amendments tested resulted in significantly lower NH3 losses than the controls. Ammonia losses with dry and liquid alum were reduced by 86% and 75%, respectively. Ammonia losses with the eight new amendments ranged from 62 to 73% less than controls and were not significantly different from liquid alum and the three most effective mixtures were not significantly different from dry alum. All of the amendments also significantly reduced water extractable P (WEP); three of which resulted in significantly lower WEP than with dry alum. The most promising products were mixtures of alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid. The potential impact of these products could be enormous, since they could be produced for less than half the price of alum, while being equally effective at reducing both NH3 emissions and P runoff.
zeolite anammox process st cloud 081516Daniel Eyde
Zeolite-anammox (ZE-AN) is the ammonia removal process of the future. It has the lowest unit costs for construction, operation, and maintenance. It works at any scale; and it reduces energy usage. It is self-regulating and simple to run.
It slashes construction costs; requires only one tank or pond.
It combines advantages of zeolite and anammox to immobilize ammonium and convert it directly to nitrogen gas.
Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities
Fuels and Combustion: Introduction to fuels, properties of fuel oil, coal
and gas, storage, handling and preparation of fuels, principles of
combustion, proximate and ultimate analysis, calorific values,
gasification, composition of coal.
Steam System: Properties of steam, assessment of steam distribution
losses, steam leakages, steam trapping, condensate and flash steam
recovery system, identifying opportunities for energy savings.
Insulation and Refractories: Insulation-types and application, economic
thickness of insulation, heat savings and application criteria, Refractory types, selection and application of refractories, heat loss.
Waste Heat Recovery: Classification, advantages and applications,
commercially viable waste heat recovery devices, saving potential.
Utilizing Acid-tolerant Nitrifying Bacteria to Generate the Acidity Needed to...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: www.extension.org/72846
Although acid scrubbers can capture ammonia (NH3) in exhaust air from animal facilities, they are not cost-effective because the nitrogen (N) captured has roughly the same value as the acid. The objective of this work was to develop an NH3 scrubber that uses acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria to generate the acid needed for scrubbing NH3. Nitrification is an acid-forming process, with two moles of acid formed for each mole of ammonium (NH4) nitrified. A laboratory microcosm that held a clay substrate was inoculated with sewage from the aeration basin of a local wastewater plant. A feed solution containing ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was then pumped through the system. Ammonium, nitrate (NO3) and pH were measured periodically in the influent and effluent. After a few weeks, NO3- analysis indicated >95% of the NH4 was being nitrified to NO3-, at which point the NH4Cl and NaHCO3 concentrations were doubled. This process was repeated until the feed solution contained 4 g NH4Cl/L. Then the NaHCO3 was reduced over time so that the molar ratio of base to potential acidity (from nitrification of NH4) was less than one, causing the effluent pH to decrease. Even though the influent pH was 8.2, the effluent pH was reduced to 4.2 over time, indicating acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria were at work. Clay substrate from the microcosm was then used to inoculate slats of an NH4 scrubber with these bacteria at a commercial broiler farm in NW AR, by encasing the clay substrate in mesh that was attached to the slats. Within weeks, bacteria slime mats formed on the slats and nitrification of NH3 and acid generation began. Over 20 kg of N were captured in 35 days, about half of which was NO3-. This technology has the potential to make the use of NH4 scrubbers a cost-effective best management practice.
Development of a New Manure Amendment for Reducing Ammonia Volatilization and...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: http://www.extension.org/72844
Adding alum to animal manures greatly reduces ammonia (NH3) emissions and phosphorus (P) runoff. Improvements in poultry production, lower energy costs and environmental benefits from alum have led to widespread use by the poultry industry. Over one billion broilers are grown with alum in the U.S. each year. However, the price of alum has increased dramatically, creating a need for cheaper products that control NH3 and P losses. The goal of this research was to develop an inexpensive manure amendment that is as effective as alum in reducing NH3 volatilization and P runoff from poultry litter. Sixteen manure amendments were created using various ratios of alum mud, bauxite ore, sulfuric acid, liquid alum and water. Alum mud is the waste product that is left over from the manufacture of alum when made by mixing sulfuric acid with bauxite. A laboratory NH3 volatilization study was conducted using a total of 11 treatments; untreated poultry litter, litter treated with liquid or dry alum and litter treated with eight of the new mixtures. All amendments tested resulted in significantly lower NH3 losses than the controls. Ammonia losses with dry and liquid alum were reduced by 86% and 75%, respectively. Ammonia losses with the eight new amendments ranged from 62 to 73% less than controls and were not significantly different from liquid alum and the three most effective mixtures were not significantly different from dry alum. All of the amendments also significantly reduced water extractable P (WEP); three of which resulted in significantly lower WEP than with dry alum. The most promising products were mixtures of alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid. The potential impact of these products could be enormous, since they could be produced for less than half the price of alum, while being equally effective at reducing both NH3 emissions and P runoff.
zeolite anammox process st cloud 081516Daniel Eyde
Zeolite-anammox (ZE-AN) is the ammonia removal process of the future. It has the lowest unit costs for construction, operation, and maintenance. It works at any scale; and it reduces energy usage. It is self-regulating and simple to run.
It slashes construction costs; requires only one tank or pond.
It combines advantages of zeolite and anammox to immobilize ammonium and convert it directly to nitrogen gas.
Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities
Fuels and Combustion: Introduction to fuels, properties of fuel oil, coal
and gas, storage, handling and preparation of fuels, principles of
combustion, proximate and ultimate analysis, calorific values,
gasification, composition of coal.
Steam System: Properties of steam, assessment of steam distribution
losses, steam leakages, steam trapping, condensate and flash steam
recovery system, identifying opportunities for energy savings.
Insulation and Refractories: Insulation-types and application, economic
thickness of insulation, heat savings and application criteria, Refractory types, selection and application of refractories, heat loss.
Waste Heat Recovery: Classification, advantages and applications,
commercially viable waste heat recovery devices, saving potential.
CH-3. Anaerobic treatment of wastewaterTadviDevarshi
Anaerobic treatment process, Effects of pH, temperature and other parameters on anaerobic treatment, Concept of anaerobic contact process, anaerobic filter, anaerobic fixed film reactor, fluidized bed and expanded bed reactors and up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.
Lecture Notes of Environmental Engg-II as per solapur university syllabus of TE Civil,
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
AIR POLUUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Arsenic in Tube Well Water in Six Blocks of Supaul District, Bihariosrjce
An experimental estimation of arsenic in a large number of samples by Field Test Kits and by
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HGAAS) was done. Water samples were collected
from the following blocks of Supaul district, viz., Raghopur, Basantpur, Supaul, Nirmali, Saraigarh-Bhaptiyahi
and Triveniganj. The aim of this study was to analyze the total arsenic concentration in tube well water of these
regions at different locations. Twenty water samples were randomly selected from each block (n=120) for the
determination of Arsenic concentration, using Field Test Kits. Few samples (n=11) found with higher
concentration of arsenic, were also estimated and confirmed by HGAAS method for comparative observation.
The maximum concentration of arsenic was found to be 0.10 mg/l by using Field Test Kits method and the
average concentration of arsenic of the selected samples was 0.02 mg/l, whereas around 20% of these tube
wells had arsenic concentration above 0.05 mg/l. It was observed that the results obtained by usingField Test
Kits showed less measurement as compared to those obtained by HGAAS method for the same samples, when
the arsenic concentration measured ≤0.10 mg/l. Arsenic concentration was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in
HGASS results than the value obtained by Field Test Kit method.
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
Development of an Acid Scrubber for Reducing Ammonia Emissions from Animal Re...LPE Learning Center
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67663
Recent research has shown that over half of nitrogen excreted by chickens is lost into the atmosphere via ammonia volatilization before the litter is removed from poultry houses. Large quantities of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also emitted from animal rearing facilities. During the past decade we have developed and patented an acid scrubber for capturing ammonia, VOCs and dust from air exhausted from poultry and swine barns. The objectives of this project were; (1) to re-design the scrubber to improve the ammonia removal efficacy, (2) conduct full-scale testing of the scrubber under controlled conditions at various ventilation rates, (3) evaluate the cost, practicality and efficacy of various acids for scrubbing ammonia, and (4) install scrubbers on exhaust fans of poultry houses located in Virginia and Arkansas and measure the efficiency of ammonia removal from the exhaust air. The efficiency of ammonia removal by the scrubber varied from 55-95%, depending on the type of acid used, air flow rate, and the internal scrubber configuration. This technology could potentially result in the capture of a large fraction of the N lost from AFOs, while simultaneously reducing emissions of bacteria, dust, and odors, which would improve the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of poultry and swine production.
Ventilation is necessary in modern controlled poultry houses to provide fresh air into the house and to expel noxious gasses from the house to keep the environment fresh and birds healthy.
There are different types of ventilation depends on the weather like minimum ventilation in cold weather, transitional ventilation in optimum weather and tunnel ventilation in extreme weather.
The presentation discusses in detail the efficacy and multipurpose use of an environmentally controlled poultry house and.It basically determines the efficacy of each section of the EC poultry house.
GFS Poultry Protect - Green poultry house sanitizer & litter ammendmentGlobal Future Solutions
GFS has been announced as a Global Top 30 company for 2014 in the Global Cleantech Cluster Awards.
Finishing in the Top 3 in our sector, Food & Urban Agriculture, we were nominated for your product for the poultry industry, GFS Poultry Protect
CH-3. Anaerobic treatment of wastewaterTadviDevarshi
Anaerobic treatment process, Effects of pH, temperature and other parameters on anaerobic treatment, Concept of anaerobic contact process, anaerobic filter, anaerobic fixed film reactor, fluidized bed and expanded bed reactors and up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.
Lecture Notes of Environmental Engg-II as per solapur university syllabus of TE Civil,
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
AIR POLUUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Arsenic in Tube Well Water in Six Blocks of Supaul District, Bihariosrjce
An experimental estimation of arsenic in a large number of samples by Field Test Kits and by
Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HGAAS) was done. Water samples were collected
from the following blocks of Supaul district, viz., Raghopur, Basantpur, Supaul, Nirmali, Saraigarh-Bhaptiyahi
and Triveniganj. The aim of this study was to analyze the total arsenic concentration in tube well water of these
regions at different locations. Twenty water samples were randomly selected from each block (n=120) for the
determination of Arsenic concentration, using Field Test Kits. Few samples (n=11) found with higher
concentration of arsenic, were also estimated and confirmed by HGAAS method for comparative observation.
The maximum concentration of arsenic was found to be 0.10 mg/l by using Field Test Kits method and the
average concentration of arsenic of the selected samples was 0.02 mg/l, whereas around 20% of these tube
wells had arsenic concentration above 0.05 mg/l. It was observed that the results obtained by usingField Test
Kits showed less measurement as compared to those obtained by HGAAS method for the same samples, when
the arsenic concentration measured ≤0.10 mg/l. Arsenic concentration was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in
HGASS results than the value obtained by Field Test Kit method.
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
Development of an Acid Scrubber for Reducing Ammonia Emissions from Animal Re...LPE Learning Center
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67663
Recent research has shown that over half of nitrogen excreted by chickens is lost into the atmosphere via ammonia volatilization before the litter is removed from poultry houses. Large quantities of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also emitted from animal rearing facilities. During the past decade we have developed and patented an acid scrubber for capturing ammonia, VOCs and dust from air exhausted from poultry and swine barns. The objectives of this project were; (1) to re-design the scrubber to improve the ammonia removal efficacy, (2) conduct full-scale testing of the scrubber under controlled conditions at various ventilation rates, (3) evaluate the cost, practicality and efficacy of various acids for scrubbing ammonia, and (4) install scrubbers on exhaust fans of poultry houses located in Virginia and Arkansas and measure the efficiency of ammonia removal from the exhaust air. The efficiency of ammonia removal by the scrubber varied from 55-95%, depending on the type of acid used, air flow rate, and the internal scrubber configuration. This technology could potentially result in the capture of a large fraction of the N lost from AFOs, while simultaneously reducing emissions of bacteria, dust, and odors, which would improve the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of poultry and swine production.
Ventilation is necessary in modern controlled poultry houses to provide fresh air into the house and to expel noxious gasses from the house to keep the environment fresh and birds healthy.
There are different types of ventilation depends on the weather like minimum ventilation in cold weather, transitional ventilation in optimum weather and tunnel ventilation in extreme weather.
The presentation discusses in detail the efficacy and multipurpose use of an environmentally controlled poultry house and.It basically determines the efficacy of each section of the EC poultry house.
GFS Poultry Protect - Green poultry house sanitizer & litter ammendmentGlobal Future Solutions
GFS has been announced as a Global Top 30 company for 2014 in the Global Cleantech Cluster Awards.
Finishing in the Top 3 in our sector, Food & Urban Agriculture, we were nominated for your product for the poultry industry, GFS Poultry Protect
Microwave-Assisted hydrothermal carbonization and characterization of Amazoni...perrrrojosesoto
Microwave-Assisted hydrothermal carbonization and characterization of Amazonian biomass as an activated carbon for methane adsorption - ScienceDirect.pdf
In the process of absorbing acid gas
constituents, amine streams become contaminated with thermal and chemical degradation products, organics and/or iron sulfides.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Hura Crepitans Linn...theijes
Activated carbons were thermally prepared from Hura Crepitan L. seed shells. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were separately used as the activating agents. The activated carbons obtained were characterized by determining the percentage yield, moisture content, ash content and percentage fixed carbon. The adsorption of methylene blue by the activated carbon was done using 0.1 to 0.5g of the activated carbon. The results revealed that the percentage yield and ash content of H3PO4 impregnated activated carbon was higher than ZnCl2 impregnated activated carbon. On the other hand ZnCl2 impregnated activated carbon had higher moisture content and percentage fixed carbon. It was also revealed that ZnCl2 impregnated activated carbon had greater adsorption capacity than H3PO4 impregnated activated carbon. However it was found that the higher the adsorbent (activated carbon) dosage, the higher the adsorption capacity.
Sarra Gaspard Université des Antilles - Recycling of sargassum for activated ...Région Guadeloupe
International conférence on sargassum
Fridayn October 25th, 2019
Day 2 - Crossing perspectives and sharing experiences
----
Conférence Internationale sur les Sargasses
Vendredi 25 Octobre 2019 Journée 2
Regards croisés et partage d’expériences
Presented by Banira Lombardi May 16, 2019, as part of the second CCAFS & GRA CLIFF-GRADS Webinar Series. See the Introduction for more details: 2019 CLIFF-GRADS Webinar Series - Direct measurement approaches to investigating mitigation options in livestock systems.
The recent trend of science and technology has shown a convergence from the macroscopic and microscopic levels to the nano and quantum scale. Over the past two decades, nanotechnology, a branch of engineering science that deals with creating objects smaller than 100 nm in dimension, has significantly advanced electronics, medicine, and materials, catalysis, and industrial engineering. This revolution has spawned activities affecting the social, economic, and environmental spheres, often in ways that are entirely unforeseen. Recent advances in material science and nanotechnology have given rise to a myriad of developments, while in the mean time call for research into the impacts of nanomaterials on the environment and human health. Although considerable progress has been made in the past decade concerning the behavior of nanomaterials in biological systems, such understanding is critically lacking with respect to the fate of nanomaterials in ecosystems.Biomaterials are sensitive when they are isolated out of their natural environment, so these applications usually require their integration into biocompatible abiotic matrices,Carbon nanotubes increases photosynthesis in green algae, photosynthesis of algae takes place in limited intensity of light, Carbon nanotubes of different size helps to absorb light of different intensities even UV and infrared also which harms microalgae as they have simple cell structure. Application of carbon nanotubes protect the algal cell from cell damage and enhance the photosynthetic activity .
In the present study, activated carbon is prepared from Murraya koenigii Stems (MKST) and used for the adsorption of methylene blue
from aqueous solution. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were used to characterize the pore properties of the activated carbon including
the BET surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. The specific surface area of the prepared carbon is 508 m2/g. Batch mode experiments
were conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of methylene blue. The equilibrium data fits well with Langmuir
model with monolayer adsorption capacity of 123.46 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo-first order and pseudosecond
order models. The rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics with a good correlation. The results
show that methylene blue interacts strongly with the prepared activated carbon and hence the adsorbent is good for the removal of
methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of methylene blue from aque...suresh899
In the present study, activated carbon is prepared from Murraya koenigii Stems (MKST) and used for the adsorption of methylene blue
from aqueous solution. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms were used to characterize the pore properties of the activated carbon including
the BET surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. The specific surface area of the prepared carbon is 508 m2/g. Batch mode experiments
were conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of methylene blue. The equilibrium data fits well with Langmuir
model with monolayer adsorption capacity of 123.46 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo-first order and pseudosecond
order models. The rate of adsorption was found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics with a good correlation. The results
show that methylene blue interacts strongly with the prepared activated carbon and hence the adsorbent is good for the removal of
methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Optimum Conditions for the Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution with Bamb...theijes
The performance of two varieties of Bamboo activated carbon (CABC washed and CABC unwashed), produced by chemical activation with ZnCl2, was evaluated through batch adsorption studies for the removal of Cadmium from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dose, initial concentration of cadmium, agitation time, adsorbate p and, particle size were used as variables to obtain the optimum conditions for the removal of cadmium. Results obtained revealed that as the adsorbent dose increased, the amount adsorbed per unit mass decreased indicating that more active sites were utilized at smaller adsorbent dose. Also, the effects of initial cadmium concentration showed that percentage removal rate increased with increase in cadmium concentration due to availability of more metal ions at higher concentrations. Thus, all the carbons achieved at least 82.62% removal at initial Cadmium concentration of 50mg/l. The optimum pH was 5 and 7 for CABC unwashed and CABC washed respectively while the optimum particle size was 50μm for all the carbon tested. Furthermore, CABC unwashed performed better as an adsorbent because it achieved 71.48% removal of Cadmium in 60 minutes, while CABC washed achieved 69.46% removal in 120mins.
Animal agriculture adaptation planning guide (climate change)LPE Learning Center
This 44-page publication produced by the AACC project is a planning guide to help guide farmers through the process of future farm planning considering climate change.
Format: Factsheet or Publication - Reference: Schmidt, D., E. Whitefield, D. Smith. 2014. Produced for Animal Agriculture in a Changing Climate Project.
What is the difference when talking about weather versus climate? How do you measure and describe the atmosphere? How are models used in predicting weather or climate? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
What are some of the basic principles and terminology involved in climate change? Learn more about the Earth's atmosphere, energy balance, and how the greenhouse effect can alter both climate and weather. What is climate forcing? What is climate feedback? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
The current state of cap-and-trade in the U.S. and the mandatory greenhouse g...LPE Learning Center
Where is U.S. policy and voluntary markets current at in terms of cap-and-trade? What is the mandatory greenhouse gas reporting rule and how does it apply to animal agriculture? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in animal agricultureLPE Learning Center
What steps can animal agriculture take to reduce (mitigate) the greenhouse gas emissions from their farms? What is carbon sequestration and how will that play a role? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Contribution of greenhouse gas emissions: animal agriculture in perspectiveLPE Learning Center
What are the emissions of relevant greenhouse gases from animal agriculture production and how does that compare to other industries? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
User capabilities and next generation phosphorus (p) indicesLPE Learning Center
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72814
The phosphorus (P) index is the primary approach to identify field management strategies and/or manure application strategies likely to lead to excessive risk of P loss. It has been over 40 years since the first research connecting agronomic P management and water quality and over 20 years since the initial publication defining a P Index. This session will consider opportunities to build on and expand existing P Index strategies to make them more effective at protecting water quality and friendlier to the target user.
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72818
Phosphorus indices provide relative loss ratings that then have a corresponding management response. Because most state Phosphorus Indices are qualitative it is not clear how the relative loss rating corresponds to actual phosphorus inputs into the receiving water and how the receiving water would react to these additions. Even with qualitative Phosphorus Indices, unless the water resource has a specific Total Maximum Daily Load, it is not clear how losses correspond to water quality outcomes. These issues will be discussed in the context of the 590 Natural Resources Conservation Standard for nutrient management.
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72868
There has been a tremendous amount of activity and funding of conservation programs with regional and watershed-specific cost-share initiatives. While there have been some successes, water quality response in many areas has not been as great as expected. This has led many to question the efficacy of these measures and to call for stricter land and nutrient management strategies. In many cases, this limited response has been due to the legacies of past management activities, where sinks and stores of phosphorus along the land-freshwater continuum mask the effects of reductions in edge-of-field losses of phosphorus.
Estimation of phosphorus loss from agricultural land in the southern region o...LPE Learning Center
Full Proceedings is available at: http://www.extension.org/72817
The purpose of our work was to determine, within the southern region (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, and TX), the feasibility of using different models to determine potential phosphorus loss from agricultural fields in lieu of phosphorus indices.
Estimation of phosphorus loss from agricultural land in the heartland region ...LPE Learning Center
Full Proceedings is available at: http://www.extension.org/72813
Phosphorus (P) indices are a key tool to minimize P loss from agricultural fields but there is insufficient water quality data to fully test them. Our goal is to use the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender Model (APEX), calibrated with existing edge-of-field runoff data, to refine P indices and demonstrate their utility as a field assessment tool capable of protecting water quality. In this phase of the project our goal is to use existing small-watershed data from the Heartland Region (IA, KS, MO and NE) to determine the level of calibration needed for APEX before using the model to generate estimates of P loads appropriate for evaluating a P Index.
Checking ambition with reality the pros and cons of different approaches to s...LPE Learning Center
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72793
The revision of the USDA-NRCS national standard for nutrient management in 2011 was driven, in part, by inconsistencies in state phosphorus (P) indices, rekindling debates over standardizing indices at regional or national scales. Reasonable arguments exist for maintaining the status quo, which allows for state specific site assessment approaches, as well as for regional and national P Indices, which would take advantage of expertise, resources and technologies that may not exist locally. In addition, a diversity of site assessment approaches have now been proposed that differ from the original P Index. Understanding the benefits and limitations provided with these approaches is key to advancing site assessment for P management.
Removing phosphorus from drainage water the phosphorus removal structureLPE Learning Center
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72839
We constructed a phosphorus (P) removal structure on a poultry farm in Eastern OK; this is a BMP that can remove dissolved P loading in the short term until soil legacy P concentrations decrease below levels of environmental concern. A P removal structure contains P sorbing materials (PSMs) and are placed in a location to intercept runoff or subsurface drainage with high dissolved P concentrations. As high P water flows through the PSMs, dissolved P is sorbed onto the materials by several potential mechanisms, allowing low P water to exit the structure. While they vary in form, P removal structures contain three main elements: 1) use of a filter material that has a high affinity for P, 2) containment of the material, and 3) the ability to remove that material and replace it after it becomes saturated with P and is no longer effective.
Legacy phosphorus in calcareous soils effects of long term poultry litter app...LPE Learning Center
Full proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72864
Livestock manures, including poultry litter, are often applied to soil as crop fertilizer or as a disposal mechanism near livestock housing. Manures can improve soil quality and fertility; however, over-application can result in negative environmental consequences, such as eutrophication of surface waters following runoff of soluble or particulate-associate phosphorus (P). In soil, P exists in many forms (inorganic/organic, labile/stable) and the fate of manure P is highly dependent upon soil properties, including soil texture and microbial activity. The Houston Black series is a calcareous (~17% calcium carbonate), high-clay soil that occupies roughly 12.6 million acres in east-central Texas. These Blackland vertizols are agronomically important for the production of cotton, corn, hay, and other crops, but their high calcium and clay content could lead to accumulation of P in forms that are not readily available for plant utilization. Accumulated P could serve as a source of legacy P if mineralized or otherwise transformed in situ or transported with soil particles in runoff.
Identify and synthesize methods to refine phosphorus indices from three regio...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: http://www.extension.org/72867
This project was started to work with regional CIG projects to calibrate and harmonize Phosphorus Indices across the U.S., demonstrate their accuracy in identifying the magnitude and extent of phosphorus loss risk, and provide suggestions to refine or improve existing Indices. This research is important to provide consistency among state Phosphorus Indices and their subsequent recommendations.
Modeling phosphorus runoff in the chesapeake bay region to test the phosphoru...LPE Learning Center
Full Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/72795
The revision of USDA-NRCS’s standard for nutrient management coincided with significant assessment of the performance of Phosphorus (P) Indices in the six states that are tied to the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The 64,000 square mile watershed is the focus of unprecedented activity around nutrient management as a result of a 2011 Total Maximum Daily Load for P, nitrogen (N), and sediment under the Clean Water Act. In addition, the state of Maryland had required updates to it’s original P Index, resulting in broad scrutiny by various interest groups. Within this setting, USDA-NRCS funded a multi-state project to help advance the testing and harmonization of P-based management in the Chesapeake region.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Litter Generated Ammonia Captured by Activated Carbon Derived from Broiler Litter
1. LITTER GENERATED
AMMONIA CAPTURED BY
ACTIVATED CARBON
DERIVED FROM BROILER
LITTER
Kari Fitzmorris Brisolara, ScD, MSPH
Louisiana State University,
Health Sciences Center
Dana M. Miles, PhD and Isabel M. Lima, PhD
USDA Agricultural Research Service
2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Analyze waste sources for their potential as activated
carbons
Create activated carbons and char from broiler litter
using steam activation to minimize cost and waste
production.
Assess the physical properties of the carbons
Determine the efficacy of the activated carbon and
char with regard to ammonia adsorption using
laboratory-based direct-measurement experiments
followed by manure emissions studies.
6. COST OF SOURCE MATERIAL FOR
ACTIVATED CARBON
Biosolid cost $3 to 10 / ton plus binder - pelletized.
Bituminous coal $60 to 80 / ton plus binder -
pelletized.
(2010 average $60.88/ton)
Saving of >6 times in source material for activated
carbon
7.
8. ACTIVATED CARBON MARKET
It is anticipated world demand for virgin activated carbon will rise 9.9 -
17 percent yearly through 2014.
The global market for activated carbon is forecast to reach a market
size of 2.3 million metric tons by the year 2017
One of the main drivers of growth is mercury control technology for
industrial air purification applications to meet new emissions
standards
The primary uses are currently water treatment and air purification
3 largest players in the industry – Calgon, Norit & MeadWestvaco.
Calgon reported cost of products sold increased 8.4% to $95.5 million in the third
quarter of 2011.
There are NO carbons with good metals adsorbing properties
currently on the market.
Current value for a high quality carbon is about $1.50+/lb.
10. ACTIVATED CARBON FROM WASTE
Biosolids
Most studies only examined pyrolyzed municipal
wastes – no activation
Other wastes
Tires
Paper mill waste
11. COMPARISON WITH OTHER
CARBONS
Sample Sample Description
Our carbons Made from pelletized manure, steam activated under N2
Coal, coconut
shell or wood
based
PUR RF Replacement Filter, coal derived, 10x20 mesh, originally in block for
Calgon F300 Filtrasorb 300, GAC by Calgon Carbon for removal of organic
pollutants from munic/indust wastewaters. Made from
bituminous coal.
Made from pelletized coal, ground coconut
shells/sawdust, steam activated under N2
Norit Darco Hg Powdered (<45 μm)
activated carbon made
from lignite coal.
12. ACTIVATED CARBON
Sources
Poultry Litter
Mississippi State University
Includes bedding material (pine shavings)
Pre-windrowed Poultry Litter
North Louisiana private farm
Includes bedding material (rice hulls)
16. PYROLYSIS AND ACTIVATION
700oC under nitrogen gas for 1 hr
Steam activation
Flow rate 3 mL/min
800oC for 45 min
Acid washed (1hr 0.1M HCl)
Ground to 18 x 40 mesh
18. PHYSICAL/
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MANURE
AND
RESULTING
ACTIVATED
CARBONS.
MS
Litter
LA
Litter
% Yield (%) 22.2 20.0
BET Surface Area (m2/g) 461.2 523.8
Element mg/g
Calcium Raw 23.3 37.3
Activated
Carbon
62.8 114
Copper Raw 0.47 0.56
Activated
Carbon
2.20 3.06
Iron Raw 1.98 2.09
Activated
Carbon
7.42 12.3
Magnesium Raw 6.39 14.5
Activated
Carbon
15.3 47.4
Phosphoru
s
Raw 13.9 12.1
Activated
Carbon
34.8 48.2
Sulfur Raw 7.73 19.1
Activated 13.7 49.0
20. PRELIMINARY AMMONIA STUDY
Preliminary studies show the carbon from broiler litter (BAC)
performed better than the commercial carbon with regard to NH3
adsorption
The broiler litter carbon resisted breakthrough 21% longer than
the Vapure 612, the commercial carbon.
The concentration of the NH3 gas was 7.05 mg N/min for the
broiler litter assessment and 6.87 mg N/min for the Vapure trial.
The removal rates were 0.98 mg N/min for the BAC which was
the maximum allowed by the experimental flow rates for 20
minutes.
The rate of adsorption of the Vapure carbon at 0.42 mg N/min was
less than half of that of the BAC.
21.
22.
23. PRELIMINARY AMMONIA RESULTS
Sample ID Total
Adsorption
(mg N)
mg N
Adsorbed/
gram
Carbon
Breakthrough
Time
(seconds)
BAC 19.6 2.07 63
Vapure 8.3 1.02 50
24. CUMULATIVE LITTER AMMONIA EMISSION FOR THE LITTER ONLY
(CONTROL), BROILER ACTIVATED CARBON COLUMN (BAC), AND
COMMERCIAL CARBON COLUMN (VAPURE).
A,B MEANS HAVING DIFFERENT SUPERSCRIPTS DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY BASED ON LSD COMPARISONS
(P≤0.05).
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 24 48 72
Time (hr)
CumulativeLitterAmmoniaEmitted(mgN)
Control
BAC
Vapure
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
a
b
b
c
27. CONCLUSIONS
Waste sources tested result in carbons with
low surface areas and low percent yields as
compared to commercial grade carbons
Activated carbon made from broiler litter is
efficacious for NH3 adsorption originating from
litter
Broiler activated carbon performed better than
commercial Vapure carbon in preliminary
tests, but was comparable to the commercial
carbon in the litter emission study
The BAC represents the re-use of a waste
material, deriving inherent value not only from
its role as a carbon, but also as a disposal
mechanism for the poultry waste itself
28. RECOMMENDATIONS
Analysis of the surface properties of the
carbons
Surface functional groups
Equalize the driving force for accurate
comparison
Assessment of the feasibility of the use of
the carbons in granular form
Adsorption
Regeneration/attrition
Editor's Notes
Bituminous coal contains 45-86% carbon and has two to three times the heating value of lignite. Bituminous coal was formed under high heat and pressure It is the most abundant rank of coal found in the United States, accounting for about half of U.S. coal production.
In Figure 4 below, the similarities between the two carbon sources should be noted. The control generated more NH3 than when the litter emission was captured using either activated carbon column. Though the BAC achieved breakthrough later than the Vapure, which indicates better initial performance, the Vapure carbon was able to surpass the BAC over time. However, the two did not appear statistically different until the final measurement at 62 hours (p=0.0234).