The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - it's nearest and biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020.
It was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December 2020.
The Business of Brexit: How Will You Be Impacted?Gowling WLG
The U.K. has voted to leave the European Union. And while Brexit likely won't happen for at least two years, organizations around the world are anxiously wondering what it will mean for their business.
To address these questions in a Canadian context, Gowling WLG recently offered a series of Brexit seminars in our offices across Canada, titled “The Business of Brexit: How will you be impacted?”
With over 1,400 legal professionals in 18 cities worldwide — including across Canada, the U.K. and Europe — Gowling WLG is uniquely positioned to help clients navigate the challenges that Brexit may present.
Led by Gowling WLG’s Brexit experts, this on-demand seminar focuses on:
The process for the U.K. to withdraw from the EU
How the U.K. legal landscape may change
The potential impact of Brexit on Canadian businesses and key global industry sectors.
The Economist Educational Foundation is a charity that was set up by The Economist in 2012. It enables young people to be involved in decisions affecting their lives by helping them develop thoughtful voices on social, political and economic issues. We work with ten year olds and upwards in the UK who might otherwise feel forced to stand on the edge of important conversations. Using The Economist’s journalistic expertise, we provide these young people with inspiring opportunities to learn about current affairs and develop the skills to engage with them in an open-minded and constructive way.
The Business of Brexit: How Will You Be Impacted?Gowling WLG
The U.K. has voted to leave the European Union. And while Brexit likely won't happen for at least two years, organizations around the world are anxiously wondering what it will mean for their business.
To address these questions in a Canadian context, Gowling WLG recently offered a series of Brexit seminars in our offices across Canada, titled “The Business of Brexit: How will you be impacted?”
With over 1,400 legal professionals in 18 cities worldwide — including across Canada, the U.K. and Europe — Gowling WLG is uniquely positioned to help clients navigate the challenges that Brexit may present.
Led by Gowling WLG’s Brexit experts, this on-demand seminar focuses on:
The process for the U.K. to withdraw from the EU
How the U.K. legal landscape may change
The potential impact of Brexit on Canadian businesses and key global industry sectors.
The Economist Educational Foundation is a charity that was set up by The Economist in 2012. It enables young people to be involved in decisions affecting their lives by helping them develop thoughtful voices on social, political and economic issues. We work with ten year olds and upwards in the UK who might otherwise feel forced to stand on the edge of important conversations. Using The Economist’s journalistic expertise, we provide these young people with inspiring opportunities to learn about current affairs and develop the skills to engage with them in an open-minded and constructive way.
'Brexit' –VAT & Customs implications for international supply chainsAlex Baulf
Now that the United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union (EU), it is clear that the exit will require a fundamental review of how indirect tax (including VAT & customs duty) will operate going forward. We set out Grant Thornton's thinking about what the post-Brexit world might look like for global supply chains. Much will depend on whether we agree a 'Soft Brexit' (retaining some level of access to the Single Market) or a 'Hard Brexit' (No favoured access).
The idea of creating a guide to the possible implications of Brexit came into being before the date for the Brexit referendum was set and the referendum campaign had begun. Now that the countdown to the June 23 vote is well underway, this has become a much more topical and current issue for everyone in the UK and I think that many more UK businesses are now engaged in active study and planning for Brexit scenarios.
Brexit : implications for rolling stock procurement and financingGraeme McLellan
Article considering some implications of Brexit with particular reference to rail rolling stock procurement, leasing and financing. Includes consideration of WTO rules in the absence of a negotiated trade agreement between the UK and the EU.
Slides from a webinar which took place on 6 September 2018. Presented by Chris Walker, senior external relations officer at NCVO, and Ben Westerman, NCVO's Brexit lead.
I did a presentation about the problem in UK known as BREXIT in detail and about EUROPEAN UNION. It will be helpful if u want to know about BREXIT and EU a little. Thank you
it is all about UK leaving the European union.
the process and the impact on india is discussed in this presentation.
this presentation is only for education purpose.
With the UK’s exit from the EU now just a year away, IGD’s chief economist James Walton has looked at the government’s current position and possible challenges ahead. Plus, what UK grocery businesses should have done by now and what you should try doing next.
Brexit update and the Impact on Digital health startups. Includes Introduction, Advantages of Doing Business in the UK, The Three Likely Scenarios, The “Chequers Deal”, Canada Plus, No Deal, Contingency Planning
Brexit: The customs impact on UK businessesAlex Baulf
Following the referendum vote on 23 June 2016, the UK has voted to leave the EU. Exactly when this will happen and how is not yet known. In the coming months, the UK will be expected to submit its withdrawal notice to the EU Council -under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) -to formally notify the EU of its withdrawal. The notification will trigger a two-year notice period and negotiations on the terms of a UK exit will begin. Until then, UK businesses should continue to comply with and trade under the existing Union Customs Code (UCC) that entered into force on 1 May 2016.
Assuming that 'Brexit' does eventually happen, businesses need to:
• assess the risks and opportunities that this poses for their supply chain
• where possible, put in place plans to manage these changes, to ensure their activities run smoothly and mitigate the potential impact, and
• take appropriate steps to prepare for the ‘unknown’.
Unless there is a dramatic 'U' turn, it seems clear that, at some point in the future, the UK will leave the EU. From a UK business perspective such a move will not only present many challenges, but will also provide opportunities.
The vote to leave will continue to create considerable uncertainty until the details of any agreement(s) are known. Businesses affected by Brexit will need to plan for that uncertainty and will need to understand the potential impacts. For this reason, a supply chain impact assessment is prudent and should help to provide some clarity in relation to a business’s exposure.
'Brexit' –VAT & Customs implications for international supply chainsAlex Baulf
Now that the United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union (EU), it is clear that the exit will require a fundamental review of how indirect tax (including VAT & customs duty) will operate going forward. We set out Grant Thornton's thinking about what the post-Brexit world might look like for global supply chains. Much will depend on whether we agree a 'Soft Brexit' (retaining some level of access to the Single Market) or a 'Hard Brexit' (No favoured access).
The idea of creating a guide to the possible implications of Brexit came into being before the date for the Brexit referendum was set and the referendum campaign had begun. Now that the countdown to the June 23 vote is well underway, this has become a much more topical and current issue for everyone in the UK and I think that many more UK businesses are now engaged in active study and planning for Brexit scenarios.
Brexit : implications for rolling stock procurement and financingGraeme McLellan
Article considering some implications of Brexit with particular reference to rail rolling stock procurement, leasing and financing. Includes consideration of WTO rules in the absence of a negotiated trade agreement between the UK and the EU.
Slides from a webinar which took place on 6 September 2018. Presented by Chris Walker, senior external relations officer at NCVO, and Ben Westerman, NCVO's Brexit lead.
I did a presentation about the problem in UK known as BREXIT in detail and about EUROPEAN UNION. It will be helpful if u want to know about BREXIT and EU a little. Thank you
it is all about UK leaving the European union.
the process and the impact on india is discussed in this presentation.
this presentation is only for education purpose.
With the UK’s exit from the EU now just a year away, IGD’s chief economist James Walton has looked at the government’s current position and possible challenges ahead. Plus, what UK grocery businesses should have done by now and what you should try doing next.
Brexit update and the Impact on Digital health startups. Includes Introduction, Advantages of Doing Business in the UK, The Three Likely Scenarios, The “Chequers Deal”, Canada Plus, No Deal, Contingency Planning
Brexit: The customs impact on UK businessesAlex Baulf
Following the referendum vote on 23 June 2016, the UK has voted to leave the EU. Exactly when this will happen and how is not yet known. In the coming months, the UK will be expected to submit its withdrawal notice to the EU Council -under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) -to formally notify the EU of its withdrawal. The notification will trigger a two-year notice period and negotiations on the terms of a UK exit will begin. Until then, UK businesses should continue to comply with and trade under the existing Union Customs Code (UCC) that entered into force on 1 May 2016.
Assuming that 'Brexit' does eventually happen, businesses need to:
• assess the risks and opportunities that this poses for their supply chain
• where possible, put in place plans to manage these changes, to ensure their activities run smoothly and mitigate the potential impact, and
• take appropriate steps to prepare for the ‘unknown’.
Unless there is a dramatic 'U' turn, it seems clear that, at some point in the future, the UK will leave the EU. From a UK business perspective such a move will not only present many challenges, but will also provide opportunities.
The vote to leave will continue to create considerable uncertainty until the details of any agreement(s) are known. Businesses affected by Brexit will need to plan for that uncertainty and will need to understand the potential impacts. For this reason, a supply chain impact assessment is prudent and should help to provide some clarity in relation to a business’s exposure.
CONTENTS:
1 Brexit – “cliff-edge” or smooth exit –
2 Revision of the Swiss VAT Law
3 Postal address on invoice is sufficient
4 eBay starts charging VAT
5 Proposals for reform of VAT system for intra-EU trade
mHealth Israel_Brexit Update for MedTech_Feb 2019Levi Shapiro
Presentation by Simon Marks, Head of Hi-Tech practice, ERM Law Firm, about Brexit Update for MedTech, Feb 5, 2019. Includes Advantages of Doing Business in the UK, Brexit update, Timeline, What’s next? The Withdrawal Agreement, No Deal, Contingency Planning, Implications for Manufacturers and Importers
Brexit news. Relocating to Europe decisions made.Pete S
The effects of Brexit have started to show. Companies and organisations are publishing details of their post Brexit plans.
These actions represent a major decision by various types of businesses, often at considerable cost. The lost to the UK will be long lasting and substantial.
Intellectual Property after Brexit - The Big picture, Brexit Models and state...T. Alexander Puutio
While it is certain that Brexit will affect Intellectual Property Rights holders much is yet uncertain. This presentation explores the different Brexit models and highlights their pertinent consequences for IP. The presentation also presents the trade context in which the Brexit will be conducted.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
1. Brexit: What you need to know about the UK
leaving the EU
(Ref- https://www.bbc.com/news/ of 30 Dec 2020 and 31 Dec 2020)
After months of negotiations, the UK and European Union finally agreed a deal that will
define their future relationship, which came into effect at 23.00GMT on 31 December.
I thought the UK had already left the EU?
The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016 and officially left the trading bloc - it's nearest and
biggest trading partner - on 31 January 2020.
It was a complex, sometimes bitter negotiation, but they finally agreed a deal on 24 December
2020.
Key Points of the Deal
TRADE
What the deal says
There will be notaxesongoods(tariffs) orlimitsonthe amountthat can be traded(quotas)
betweenthe UKandthe EU from1 January
Some newcheckswill be introducedatborders,suchassafetychecksand customsdeclarations.
There are some new restrictions oncertainUKanimal foodproducts.Forexample,uncooked
meatslike sausagesandburgerscan't enterthe EU unlesstheyare frozento -18C.
What does that mean?
Havinga deal in place meansthatthe fear that some goodscouldbecome more expensive has
beenavoided.
However,businesseswill still needtoprepare fornew proceduresatports,and if new
paperworkisincomplete, itcouldleadtodisruption.
SERVICES AND QUALIFICATIONS
What the deal says:
Businessesofferingservices,suchasbanking,architecture andaccounting,will lose their
automaticrightof accessto EU marketsand will face some restrictions.
2. There will nolongerbe automaticrecognitionof professional qualificationsforpeople suchas
doctors,chefsand architects.
What does that mean?
Ratherthan followingone setof rulesforthe whole of the EU, UK businesseswill needto
complywiththe regulationsineachindividual country.
It will be harderforpeople withqualificationsgainedinthe UKto sell theirservicesinthe EU.
Individualswillneedtocheckeachcountry'srulestomake sure theirqualificationisstill
recognised.
However,the UKand EU have pledgedtokeeptalkingtotryto improve accessforthe service
sectorin the future.
TRAVEL
What the deal says:
UK nationalswill needavisafor staysof longerthan 90 daysin the EU ina 180-day period.
EU petpassports will nolongerbe valid.
EuropeanHealthInsurance Cards,(EHIC) cards will remainvaliduntil theyexpire.
The UK isno longersubjecttothe ban on additional roamingcharges,althoughbothsideswill
encourage operatorstohave "transparentandreasonable rates"forroaming.
What does that mean?
The UK governmentsaysEHICwill be replacedwithanew UKGlobal HealthInsurance Card,but
full detailshave notbeenreleasedyet.
Petswill still be allowedinthe EU, butit will be a more complicatedprocessasownerswill need
to obtainan animal healthcertificate foreachtriptheymake.
UK mobile operatorswill be able tocharge forroaming,sopeople shouldcheckwiththeir
mobile phone companybefore travelling.
FISHING
What the deal says:
Overthe nextfive-and-a-half years, the UKwill graduallygainagreatershare of the fishfromits
ownwaters.
The UK couldchoose to banEU fishingboatsfrom 2026, but the EU wouldbe allowedto
introduce taxesonBritishfishinresponse.
What does that mean?
Fishingwasthe hardestandlast issue tobe resolvedinthe negotiation,andsome UKfishermen
are unhappywiththe arrangement.The ScottishFishermen'sFederation,forexample,saysthe
deal doesnotgive the UK enoughcontrol of its waters.
3. Startingin2026, the UK and the EU will holdregulartalksonfishingaccess.Sothere couldbe
more heatedargumentsahead.
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE AND OTHER DISPUTES
What the deal says:
There will be norole inthe UK forthe EuropeanCourtof Justice (ECJ),whichisthe highestcourt
inthe EU.
Disputesthatcannotbe resolvedbetweenthe UKandthe EU will be referredtoanindependent
tribunal instead.
What does that mean?
Endingthe role of the ECJ wasa keyUK demandas Brexitsupporterssaiditwouldallowthe UK
to "take back control"of itslaws.
The ECJ could still have arole inNorthernIrelandbecause itcontinuestofollow some EUtrade
rules.
If eitherside movestoofaraway fromthe current rulesaroundproductstandards,tariffs
(chargeson imports) couldbe imposedonsome goodsinthe future.
SECURITY AND DATA
What the deal says:
The UK will nolongerhave automaticaccesstokeysecuritydatabases,butshouldbe able to
gainaccess uponrequest.
The UK will notbe a memberof the EU's law enforcementagency,Europol,butitwill have a
presence atitsheadquarters.
The UK isno longerobligedtocomplywithEUstandardsof data protection,but datawill
continue tobe exchangedinthe same wayfor at leastfourmonthsas longas the UK doesn't
change its data protectionrules.
What does that mean?
The UK's arrangementwithEuropol will be similartothe one the US currentlyhas.
Many of the rulesaboutstoringand processingdatastill needbe decided.
EDUCATION
What the deal says:
The UK will nolongerparticipate inthe Erasmusexchange programme,anEU scheme thathelps
studentsstudyinothercountries.
StudentsatuniversitiesinNorthernIrelandwill continue toparticipate inErasmus,aspart of an
arrangementwiththe Irishgovernment.
4. What does that mean?
Studentsthathave alreadystartedcoursesinthe EU will continue toreceivesupportforfees.
A newscheme namedafterthe mathematicianAlanTuringwill begininSeptember2021. The
governmentsaysitwill be similartoErasmusbut will includecountriesacrossthe world.
What changed on 1 January?
The deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together.
While the UK was in the EU, companies could buy and sell goods across EU borders without
paying taxes and there were no limits on the amount of things which could be traded.
Under the terms of the deal, that won't change on 1 January, but to be sure that neither side has
an unfair advantage, both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers'
rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations.
Freedom to work and live between the UK and the EU also comes to an end, and in 2021, UK
nationals will need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period.
Northern Ireland will continue to follow many of the EU's rules in order to avoid a hardening of
its border with the Republic of Ireland. This will mean however that new checks will be
introduced on goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK.
Now that it's no longer in the EU, the UK is free to set its own trade policy and can negotiate
deals with other countries. Talks are being held with the US, Australia and New Zealand -
countries that currently don't have free trade deals with the EU.
Will there be disruption at the borders?
There may not be new taxes to pay at the border, but there will be new paperwork, and the
potential for it to cause delays is a serious concern.
"This is the biggest imposition of red tape that businesses have had to deal with in 50 years,"
according to William Bain from the British Retail Consortium.
The UK says it will delay making most checks for six months, to allow people to get used to the
new system, but the EU will be checking paperwork and carrying out checks from day one. So if
businesses are not prepared, or do not fill in the new paperwork correctly, it could cause delays
and backlogs at ports like Dover.
The government has known about this for years, and has made plans to divert trade to other ports
around the country and has built lorry parks in Kent, to avoid gridlock on the roads.
It's difficult to predict what the scale of any disruption might be, but government minister
Michael Gove has said that UK businesses should prepare for some "bumpy moments".
5. Is this finally the end of having to hear about Brexit?
Sadly, no. Decisions are still to be made on data sharing and on financial services, and the
agreement on fishing only lasts five years.
Also while the UK and EU have agreed to some identical rules now, they don't have to be
identical in the future, and if one side takes exception to the changes, they can trigger a dispute,
which could ultimately lead to tariffs (charges on imports) being imposed on some goods in the
future.
Expect the threat of disputes to be a new constant in UK-EU relations.
What Brexit words mean
The last few years have seen many words and phrases enter our lives. We haven't used them
here, but politicians do use them. Here's what some of them mean:
Transition period: The 11-month period following the UK's exit from the EU (finishing at the
end of 2020), during which time the UK has followed EU rules, to allow leaders to make a deal.
Free trade: Trade between two countries, where neither side charges taxes or duties on goods
crossing borders.
Level playing field: A set of rules to ensure that one country, or group of countries, doesn't have
an unfair advantage over another. This can involve areas such as workers' rights and
environmental standards. Free trade agreements like the Brexit deal often include level playing
field measures.
Tariff: A tax or duty to be paid on goods crossing borders.