Biology is divided into many specialized branches for better understanding. Some key branches include: - Morphology, which studies the form and structure of organisms. - Anatomy, which is the study of internal structures through dissection. - Physiology, which examines the functions and mechanisms in living systems. - Immunology, which deals with the immune responses that defend the body against foreign challenges.

1. Topic: Branches of Biology
 Biology is divided into many branches specialized branches for
better and easy understanding.
 Morphology:
 From Greek “morph” means ‘Shape/ Form’.
 The study of form, shape, size and structure of organisms is
called morphology.
 Anatomy:
 From Greek “anatomē” means ‘dissection’.
 The study of internal structures of organisms by dissection is
called anatomy.
Biology Class 9th Chapter# 01: Introduction to Biology

2.  Histology:
 From Greek "histos" meaning ‘tissue’.
 The study of composition, structure and functions of plants
and animal tissues is called histology.
 Physiology:
 From Greek “physis” meaning 'nature/origin'.
 The scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living
system is called Physiology.
 Embryology:
 From Greek “embryon” means ‘unborn/embryo/featus’.
 Embryology deals with the study of embryo and phenomena
involved in its formation and its development into a new
organism.
Biology Class 9th Chapter# 01: Introduction to Biology

3.  Taxonomy:
 From Greek “taxis" meaning ‘arrangment’ and “nomos“ meaning
‘laws’.
 The study of classification of organisms and their scientific
naming is called taxonomy.
 Cell Biology/ Cytology:
 The study of structure and functions of cells is called cell biology.
 Paleontology:
 From Greek “palaios” means ‘old/ ancient’, “ontos” means
‘being creature’.
 The scientific study of fossils of past organisms is called
Paleontology.
 Paleobotany: the study of fossils of plants.
 Paleozoology: the study of fossils of animals.
Biology Class 9th Chapter# 01: Introduction to Biology

4.  Immunology
 It is from Latin word “immunis” meaning ‘resistance/ to
exempt’.
 The branch of biology which deals with the immune responses of
the body to foreign challenge in order to defend itself is called
immunology.
 Entomology:
 From Greek “entomon” means ‘notched refer to segmented
body of insect’.
 The scientific study of insects is called entomology.
 Genetics:
 The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called
genetics.
 Inheritance is the transmission of characters from parents to
offspring.
Biology Class 9th Chapter# 01: Introduction to Biology

5.  Socio-biology/ behavioral ecology:
 From Latin word “socius” means ‘companion’.
 The systematic study of the biological basis of social behavior in
both humans and animals is called Socio-biology.
 For example: social behavior and beneficial relationship among
the animals living in the same area such as humans, bees, ants
etc.
 Pharmacology:
 From Greek “pharmakon” means ‘drug/ poison’.
 The branch of biology deals with the properties, uses, effects,
and mode of action of drugs on biological system is called
pharmacology.
Biology Class 9th Chapter# 01: Introduction to Biology

6.  Biotechnology:
 The study of practical application/use of organisms for the
benefit and welfare of humanity is called biotechnology.
 Environmental biology/ Ecology:
 Environmental biology is the branch of biology which study that
how the organisms interact with their environment.
 Parasitology:
 The branch of biology which deals with the study of parasites and
all aspects of parasitism.
Biology Class 9th Chapter# 01: Introduction to Biology
Assignment:
Q: How can you describe your own body under different branches of
biology?