Plants do not have a brain or neuronal network, but reactions within signalling pathways may provide a biochemical basis for learning and memory in addition to computation and problem solving. It Possessing the fitness of plants in response to different environmental stimuli and stress Higher stability of ecosystems than previously expected may be ecological stress memory at the single plant level. Stress induced protein, metabolite and epigenetic modification regulates the short term and trans generation stress memory Identifying molecular mechanism , signaling and plant behavior toward various abiotic and biotic stress is necessary to produce stable crop under climate change.

1. The Plant Brain
RAJESH KUMAR SINGHAL
I.D No. PP-15017
Department of Plant Physiology
SUPERVISER
Prof. (Mrs.) BANDANA BOSE
Ph.D Credit Seminar On
WELCOME

2. Introduction
Is it plants have
Brain, Ear,
Nose,Eye ?
if they have brain than
they can remember all
the past emotions and
memory like us
Plant neurobiology
Intelligent plant
Conscious In plant
Power movement in plant
Bioinspiration
Michael Pollen, 2013
Robotics root
Plantoid
Radio isotope
Learning
Plant behaviour
and signaling

3. Body of plant
Scientists discover plant 'brain' controlling seed development
George Bassel et al .,2017
Decision making center
Promote seed germination Promote seed Dormancy
Communicate by hormone
More seeds would germinate when exposed to varying
environments and strategy can use to enhance
germination and synchronization
Result: Green music can
biotransformation increase leaf
formation plant height, seed
yield, Defense chemical,
transcription factor
Glutamate Epinephrine
are neurotransmitter

4. Plant Memory/ Intelligence
Trewavas (2003) defined memory as” an ability to access past experience so that new
responses incorporate relevant information from the past’ or
The information storage of previous signalling, with the ability to retrieve the
information at a much later time.
Plant intelligence: It is the ability to solve the problem
Conscious: Felling pain and ability to cope danger
Ross E. Koning 1994
Plant Memory
Storage
Recall
Acclimatization
Adaptation

5. Mechanism of cellular light memory
Light
Change in P.M electric potential
Photoelectro physiological signal
Light acclimatization Defense response
Stored information
NPQ
ROS
PQ
Ca
Stromules
Hebda et al.,
2010

6. Mechanism of electrical memory
Volkov et al.,(2008)
Conclusion: The closing time of Venus
flytrap by electrical stimulation is the same
as mechanically induced closing.
The Venus flytrap can accumulate small
sub threshold charges, and when the
threshold value is reached, the trap closes.
Repeated application of smaller charges
demonstrates the summation of stimuli.
The cumulative character of electrical
stimuli points to the existence of short-term
electrical memory in the Venus flytrap.

7. Case study 1
Conclusion: Living biomass is
significantly increasing in
prior drought plants

9. Priming memory
Seed priming, a pre-sowing partial hydration of seeds, is often used to improve crop
performance
Bose et al.,2017 Proceeding

10. Chen and Arora, 2013

11. Defense priming against biotic stress
• Defence priming is a unique physiological state that can be induced by molecular
patterns of microbes or plants, pathogen-derived effectors, beneficial microbes,
and treatment with some natural or synthetic compounds and wounding (PAMP,
MAMP, DAMP)
Onaga &Wydra, 2016

12. JA and smRNA in stress memory
Galis et al., 2009

13. Ecological stress memory
Ecological stress memory is defined here as any response of a single plant
after a stress experience that improves the response of the plant towards
future stress experience and which is assessed on a whole plant level
Conclusion: As frost, heat and drought stress all involve cell dehydration,
acclimation mechanisms are partly the same (Beck et al., 2007).
It is thus possible that acclimation and formation of a stress memory to one
kind of stress also prevents damage by other stressors, providing cross-
stress memory and tolerance.
Walter et al.,(2014)

14. Regulation of memory
• Memory
Short term Long term
Stress induced protein
RNAs
Metabolite
Reprogramming in
phenology and
morphology
Epigenetic regulation

15. Epigenetic regulation
• Epigenetics” describes heritable patterns of phenotypic variation—that is, stable
transmission of information through mitosis or meiosis—that are not solely
attributable to differences in DNA sequence.
• Or changes in chromatin state, chromatin modification, and DNA methylation
without regard for heritability.
Crisp et al., (2016)

16. Epigenetic regulation of stress
responses
Chinnusamy and Zhu ,2009 Matsui et al.,2017

17. How can we find out…….
Fortes et al.,2013

18. Summary
• Plants do not have a brain or neuronal network, but reactions within signalling
pathways may provide a biochemical basis for learning and memory in addition to
computation and problem solving.
• It Possessing the fitness of plants in response to different environmental stimuli
and stress
• Higher stability of ecosystems than previously expected may be ecological stress
memory at the single plant level.
• Stress induced protein, metabolite and epigenetic modification regulates the
short term and trans generation stress memory
• Identifying molecular mechanism , signaling and plant behavior toward various
abiotic and biotic stress is necessary to produce stable crop under climate change.

19. References
• Crisp, P.A., Ganguly, D., Eichten, S.R., Borevitz, J.O. and Pogson, B.J., 2016.
Reconsidering plant memory: Intersections between stress recovery, RNA turnover,
and epigenetics. Science advances, 2(2), p.e1501340.
• Thellier, M. and Lüttge, U., 2013. Plant memory: a tentative model. Plant
biology, 15(1), pp.1-12.
• Volkov, A.G., Carrell, H., Adesina, T., Markin, V.S. and Jovanov, E., 2008. Plant
electrical memory. Plant signaling & behavior, 3(7), pp.490-492.
• Chinnusamy, V. and Zhu, J.K., 2009. Epigenetic regulation of stress responses in
plants. Current opinion in plant biology, 12(2), pp.133-139.
• Walter, J., Jentsch, A., Beierkuhnlein, C. and Kreyling, J., 2013. Ecological stress
memory and cross stress tolerance in plants in the face of climate
extremes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 94, pp.3-8.